DISCUSSION TRANSLATION AND YOUR IMPRESSION OF THE HERO FREDERIC HENRY IN CHAPTER IV a FAREWELL TO ARMS

THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH OoO ENGLISH – AMERICAN LITERATURE DISCUSSION TRANSLATION AND YOUR IMPRESSION OF THE HERO FREDERIC HENRY IN CHAPTER IV – “A FAREWELL TO ARMS” CLASS 2261ENPR1321[.]

THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH

-OoO -ENGLISH – AMERICAN LITERATURE

DISCUSSION

TRANSLATION AND YOUR IMPRESSION OF THE HERO FREDERIC

HENRY IN CHAPTER IV – “A FAREWELL TO ARMS”

LECTURER: Pham Quang Truc

Ha Noi - 2022

MEMBERS OF GROUP 11

TABLES OF CONTENTS

A INTRODUCTION

I About Ernest Hemingway ……… 4

1 Story about Hemingway ……… 4

2 His writing style ……….……… 4

II A Farewell to Arms (1929) ……… 5

B IMPRESSIONS OF THE HERO FREDERIC HENRY IN CHAPTER IV I Frederic Henry – A responsible person in work ……… 6

II Frederic Henry – an optimistic man ……… 8

III Henry’s attitude towards the war ……… 9

IV Henry’ s attitude towards Miss Barkley ……… 10

V Conclusion ……… 11

C TRANSLATION ……… 11

A INTRODUCTION

I About Ernest Hemingway

1, Story about Hemingway

Earnest Hemingway (1899-1961) was born in Oak Park, a small town in the state

of Illinois In his childhood, he was often taken on frequent hunting and fishing trips by his father to Michigan, the locale of many of his stories, and where he soon got acquainted with the life of the Indians and such virtues as courage and

endurance, which were later revealed in his fiction

He started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a

volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army Serving at the front, he was

wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events

as the Greek Revolution

2, His writing style

Hemingway’s style of writing follows the “Theory of an iceberg” which means that the writer may omit things that he knows he is writing about, and that if he writes truly the reader will have a feeling of those things as strongly as the writer has tasted them “The dignity of the movement of an iceberg is due to only one- eighth of it being above the water,” he said.

The language of Hemingway’swork is bare simplicity; it is in keeping with the characters he wanted to portray It is surprising how he reveals the inner world of his personage in short dialogues and colloquial phrases, Plain words in simple

declarative sentences bring out the sensations of the central characters and at the same time make the reader participate in the events of the story.

II A Farewell to Arms (1929)

A Farewell to Arms was published in 1929 by Ernest Hemingway It’s an anti-war novel in which Hemingway wanted to make the reader see war as a merciless massacre of men and women and the senseless destruction of the values created It

is the story of an American lieutenant, Frederic Henry, who serves in an Italian ambulance corps during World War I The novel falls into five parts, each

describing a different phase in Henry's adventures He falls in love with Catherine Barkley, a volunteer nurse from Great Britain When he is wounded she nurses him

at the hospital His convalescence is over, he returns to the front and finds himself

in a disorganized retreat He deserts during the mass retreat, rejoining the girl he loves, and they escape to Switzerland in a small boat over the lake of Maggiore Their idyll comes to an end (When she dies in childbirth)

The plot of A Farewell to Arms is fairly straightforward While working with the

Italian ambulance service during World War I (1914–18), the

American Lieutanant Frederic Henry meets the English nurse Catherine Barkley Although she still mourns the death of her fiancé, who was killed in the war,

Catherine encourages Henry’s advances After Henry is badly wounded by a

trench Mortar shell near the Isonzo River in Italy, he is brought to a hospital in Milan, where he is eventually joined by Catherine She tends to him as he recovers During this time their relationship deepens Henry admits that he has fallen in love with her Catherine soon becomes pregnant by Henry but refuses to marry him After the hospital superintendent, Miss Van Campen, discovers that Henry has been hiding alcohol in his hospital room, he is sent back to the front During his

absence, morale on the front had significantly worsened During the Italian retreat after the disastrous Battle of Carporetto (1917), he deserts the army, just barely escaping execution by Italian Military police Back in Milan, Henry searches for Catherine He soon learns that she has been sent to Stresa, some 95 miles (153 km) away Henry journeys to Stresa by train Once there, he reunites with Catherine, and the couple flee Italy by crossing the border into neutral Switzerland.

Upon arrival, Henry and Catherine are arrested by Swiss border authorities They decide to allow Henry and Catherine—who masquerade as architecture and art students seeking “winter sport”—to stay in Switzerland The couple pass several happy months in a wooden house near Montreux Late one night Catherine goes into labour She and Henry take a taxi to the hospital A long and painful labour ensues, and Henry wonders if Catherine will survive Sadly, their son is stillborn Soon after, Catherine begins to Hemorrhage and dies with Henry by her side He tries to say goodbye but cannot He returns to their hotel alone, in the rain.

A Farewell to Arms was one of the most widely read war novels of the 20th

century It was published during the period between World War I and World, a time when war novels were very popular in the United States and around the

world A Farewell to Arms was published in the same year as Erich Maria

Remarque’s magnum opus Im Westen Nichts Neues which details the daily horrors

of war on the Western Front in laconic understatement

B IMPRESSIONS OF THE HERO FREDERIC HENRY IN CHAPTER IV

I Frederic Henry – A responsible person in work

In chapter IV, Frederic Henry proves to be a responsible person in work His

responsibility is revealed through his attention to the operation of the machines At the beginning of the chapter IV, when Henry wakes up, he goes around to check machines: "I addressed, went downstairs, had some coffee in the kitchen and went out to the kitchen and went out to the garage."

"The machines were working on one out in yard Three others were up in the mountains at dressing stations."

 Henry asks one of the mechanics whether the machine have trouble or not?

For example:

- "How's everything?"

- "What's the matter with this machine?"

- "What's the matter now?"

The mechanic stops working and says that it still okay All machines are used except one

"Not so bad This machine is no good but others march."

"It's no good One thing after another."

"New rings"

 And then, he leaves them working and checks everything very carefully:

- "They were moderately clean, a few freshly washed, others dusty I looked at the tires carefully, looking for cuts and stone bruises."

- "Has there been any trouble getting parts?" Henry asked the sergeant mechanic.

"No, Signor Tetente."

"Where is the gasoline park now?"

"At the same place."

"Good."

 And then he goes back to the house when he knows "Everything seemed

in good condition."

II Frederic Henry – an optimistic man.

 Henry lives in the cutthroat front:

"The battery in the next garden woke me in the morning."

"The battery fired twice and the air came each time like a blow and shook the window and made the front of my pajamas flap."

 However, he still feels the beauty of the scenery surrounding him The

nature is beautiful like a romantic picture:

"The gravel paths were moist and the grass was wet with dew."

He gets out of the bed when seeing the sun coming through the window After that,

he goes to the window and looks out this scene Though it is cold and wet, actually

it is fresh and vital It completely differentiates from cutthroat front and makes him more comfortable and peaceful He still feels happy and optimistic even it is an annoying and dangerous circumstance: "It was a nuisance to have them there but it was a comfort that they were no bigger."

 Frederic Henry's optimism is also reflected in the fact that he enjoys his morning pleasures

Even though the sound of batteries exploding from the garden side woke him up, after asking about the situation of the fighting and the broken machines from his comrades, he still leisurely returned to his house and enjoyed his breakfast with a cup of coffee "pale gray and sweet with condensed milk" In his eyes, the scenery

of a spring morning was still beautiful despite being in a fierce wartime.

 Besides, the optimism of Henry was shown through the way he asked and listened attentively to the story of nurse Barkly about her fiancé’s death in

the battle He also assumed that "This is the picturesque front" when Miss Barkly imagine about a silly idea that the boy who is going to marry her will come to the hospital where she is with wounds: "With a sabre cut, I suppose, and a bandage around his head Or shot through the shoulder."

III Henry’s attitude towards the war

+ Indifferent feeling towards war but he is responsible for what he does in his job.

He had no idealistic concept about the war but he was a man to conscientiously perform his duties And this is exactly what we observe when he comes back to the front after his convalescent leave He checks on the ambulances etc, during the retreat he tries to do his duty as much as he can.

+ Brave man- Henry does not feel scared when a rain of shells is falling around

him

“ The battery in the next garden woke me in the morning and I saw the sun coming through the window… The battery fired twice and the air came each time like a blow and shook the window and made the front of my pajamas flap… It was a nuisance to have them there but it was a comfort that they were no bigger.”

+ Henry is still optimistic and believes in the war

After Catherine Barkley shared her feeling about the war, Henry gave word of comfort "This is the picturesque front," I said.

"Do you suppose it will always go on?" "No." Henry always believes one day, the war would be over

IV Henry’ s attitude towards Miss Barkley

+ Henry is an observant and empathetic man

This characteristic is revealed through the conversation between Henry and

Barkley in the first meeting He proves to understand the sad story of Barkley’s love affair He listens to Barkley attentively and sympathetically when she talks When Henry asked Barkley about the stick, she metioned about the story of her fiancé "It belonged to a boy who was killed last year." - "I'm awfully sorry.

"I was a fool not to I could have given him that anyway But I thought it would be bad for him." - “I see”

“… I know all about it now But then he wanted to go to war and I didn't know."- I did not say anything.

In the context of chaotic war, it was very precious when a person spends time and emotion listening to another person’s life story In this situation it is more precious because although Henry and Catherine Barkley meet each other for the first time,

he already sympathizes with Barkley

+ Henry was struck by Catherine Barkley's beauty, especially her hair, and the faithfulness of her love for her fiancé

About her appearance:

In chapter IV, Catherine Barkley appears beautiful in Henry’s eyes when she in the garden with another nurse

Miss Barkley was quite tall She wore what seemed to me to be a nurse's uniform, was blonde and had a tawny skin and gray eyes I thought she was very beautiful Especially, Henry is strongly impressed by her hair, “We sat down on a bench and

I looked at her – ‘you have beautiful hair”.

About the faithfulness:

In this chapter, Barkley is not only a beautiful woman but also a faithful sweetheart towards her fiancé The stick in her hand is the souvenir of her financé He died in the battle of the Somme It reminds her of good memory about love affair with her fiancé She is willing to do anything for him, even cut her hair

“I was going to cut it all off when he died.” “I want to do something for him You see I didn’t care about other thing and he could have had it all He could have anything he wanted if I would have known I would have married him or anything

I know all about it now But then he wanted to go the war and I didn’t know”.

V Conclusion

In summary, with the language of Hemingway's work is bare simplicity, it is in keeping with characters the wanted to portray It is surprising how he reveals the inner world of his personages in short dialogues and colloquial phrases Plain words in simple declarative sentences bring out the sensations of the central

characters and at the same time make the reader participate in the events of the story About the hero Frederic Henry, he is a responsible person in work; an

optimistic man; his attitude towards the war and his attitude towards Miss Barkley.

The battery in the next garden woke me in

the morning and I saw the sun coming

through the window and got out of the bed I

went to the window and looked out The

gravel paths were moist and the grass was

wet with dew The battery fired twice and

the air came each time like a blow and shook

the window and made the front of my

pajamas flap I could not see the guns but

they were evidently firing directly over us It

was a nuisance to have them there but it was

a comfort that they were no bigger As I

looked out at the garden I heard a motor

truck starting on the road I dressed, went

downstairs, had some coffee in the kitchen

and went out to the garage

Sáng ra ti ng đ i bác v n bên đánh th cế ạ ở ườ ứtôi d y và ánh n ng đã tràn vào phòng quaậ ắ

c a s Tôi tr i d y ra kh i gi ng, đ n bênử ổ ỗ ậ ỏ ườ ế

c a s đ a m t nhìn ra ngoài Nh ng conử ổ ư ắ ữ

đ ng tr i s i m t, c xanh hãy còn đ mườ ả ỏ ẩ ướ ỏ ẫ

s ng đêm Ti ng đ i bác n hai l n và m iươ ế ạ ổ ầ ỗ

l n nh th khi n không khí chuy n đ ng,ầ ư ế ế ể ộlay đ ng c a s và làm v t áo ng c a tôiộ ử ổ ạ ủ ủbay ph n ph t Tôi không th y súng nh ngầ ậ ấ ư

ch c là nó đang nh m th ng v h ngắ ắ ẳ ề ướchúng tôi Th t là khó ch u khi g n chúngậ ị ở ầ

nh ng cũng th t là h nh phúc vì chúngư ậ ạkhông n to h n n a Khi đ a m t nhìn raổ ơ ữ ư ắ

v n, tôi nghe có ti ng ô tô r to ngoàiườ ế ồ

đ ng Tôi m c qu n áo, đi xu ng nhà d i,ườ ặ ầ ố ướvào b p u ng tí cà phê r i đi ra nhà xe.ế ố ồTen cars were lined up side by side under

the long shed They were top- heavy,‐

blunt- nosed ambulances, painted gray and‐

built like moving- vans The mechanics‐

were working on one out in the yard Three

others were up in the mountains at

dressing- stations.‐

"Do they ever shell that battery?" I asked

one of the mechanics

"No, Signor Tenente It is protected by the

little hill."

M i chi c xe đ u c nh nhau d i mái khoườ ế ậ ạ ướdài Đó là nh ng xe H ng th p t đ u trònữ ồ ậ ự ầ

và mui n ng tr ch s n xám, gi ng nh xeặ ị ơ ố ư

v n t i Nh ng ng i th máy đang làmậ ả ữ ườ ợ

vi c trên m t chi c xe đ u trong sân Baệ ộ ế ậchi c khác đ c đ a lên tr m c p c u trênế ượ ư ạ ấ ứnúi

Tôi h i ng i th :ỏ ườ ợ

- Này, có bao gi đ ch nã tr ng pháo vàoờ ị ọ

nh ng kh u đ i bác c a ta không?ữ ẩ ạ ủ

- Th a không, vì nh ng kh u đ i bác đ cư ữ ẩ ạ ượ