comparison of buffalo rumen liquor and buffalo faeces as inoculum for the in vitro gas production technique

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Comparison of buffalo rumen liquor and buffalo faeces as inoculum for the in vitro gas production technique

M.I Cutrignelli, S Calabrò, R Tudisco, F Zicarelli, M.P Gazaneo & V Piccolo

To cite this article: M.I Cutrignelli, S Calabrò, R Tudisco, F Zicarelli, M.P Gazaneo & V.

Piccolo (2005) Comparison of buffalo rumen liquor and buffalo faeces as inoculum for the in vitro gas production technique, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 4:sup2, 319-321, DOI: 10.4081/

ijas.2005.2s.319

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.319

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Comparison of buffalo rumen liquor and buffalo faeces as inoculum for the

in vitro gas production technique

M.I Cutrignelli, S Calabrò, R Tudisco, F Zicarelli,

M.P Gazaneo, V Piccolo

Dipartimento Scienze Zootecniche e Ispezione degli Alimenti, Università di Napoli, Italy

Corresponding author: Monica Isabella Cutrignelli Dipartimento Scienze Zootecniche e Ispezione degli

Alimenti, Sez B Ferrara Via F Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy – Tel: +39 081 4421925 – Fax: +39 081 292981 – Email: cutrigne@unina.it

RIASSUNTO – Liquido ruminale e feci quali inoculi per la gas production È stato valutato l’impiego delle

feci, quale inoculo alternativo al liquido ruminale, per la valutazione degli alimenti zootecnici mediante la tec-nica in vitro della produzione cumulativa di gas Allo scopo sono stati incubati per 120 ore tre alimenti (fieno d’avena, farina di mais e soia f.e.) con 2 pool di liquido ruminale e di feci, prelevati al macello da 8 bufali Tra

i 2 inoculi non sono emerse differenze significative relativamente alla degradabilità della sostanza organica e 0alla maggior parte dei parametri fermentativi Solo la massima velocità di produzione è risultata significati-vamente più elevata con le feci (P<0,01) Tali risultati sono in contrasto con quelli della letteratura, forse perché

la flora microbica ruminale potrebbe aver risentito maggiormente di quella fecale del digiuno precedente la macellazione.

Key words: gas production, faeces vs rumen liquor, fermentation kinetics.

INTRODUCTION – The in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT, Theodorou et al., 1994) requires a

rumen liquor (RL) inoculum, as the other methods utilising a microbial fermentation approach to feedstuff

evaluation However, the RL is collected either from animals fitted with rumen cannula or at slaughtering This raises a number of practical, economical and ethical problems, thus several studies have been carried out

to test alternative inocula To this aim faeces (FA) have been demonstrated to have high potentiality for the Tilley and Terry (1963) technique (El Saher et al., 1987; Akther et al., 1999; Cone et al., 2002) Mauricio et al.

(2001), evaluating the forages fermentative characteristics by IVGPT, found lower potential gas production and

longer lag times for bovine FA compared to RL as inoculum Aim of present paper was to compare buffalo RL and FA as inoculum for IVGPT.

MATERIAL AND METHODS – The trial was performed with 3 substrates: oat hay, soybean and corn

meals Each substrate was incubated at 39° C with buffered RL or FA (Mauricio et al., 2001 Dhanoa et al.,

2004), collected at slaughtering from 8 buffaloes fed a standard diet (NDF 43.5 and CP 12 %, DM) The gas pro-duction was measured at 2 and 24 h intervals (at the beginning and at the end of the trial, respectively) by a

pressure transducer (Theodorou et al., 1994) At 120 h the fermentation was stopped, pH was measured and

degraded organic matter was determined (%, OM loss) by filtration, drying and combustion The data were

fit-ted to the model (Groot et al., 1996): G(t)=A/[1+(B/t)C], where G (ml) represents the amount of gas produced per

PROC 16thCONGR ASPA, TORINO, ITALY

gram of OM incubated at time t; A (ml g-1OM) denotes its asymptotic value; B (h) is the time at which A/2 has been obtained and C is a constant Moreover, the maximum fractional rate (h-1, RM) and the time at which RM occurs (h, tRM) were calculated Calculations were also made to determine the cumulative gas volume per gram

of OM incubated (ml g-1, OMCV) Data were analysed statistically by ANOVA (SAS, 2000) to evaluate the

influ-ence of inocula and feeds.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION – The OM loss was unaffected by the inoculum (table 1) Among the

fer-mentative parameters only the RMsignificantly differed between inocula (0.045 vs 0.041 h-1, P<0.01, for FA and RL respectively) Also for FA pH was higher than 6.4, a value suitable to guarantee the fermentation

(Doane et al., 1997) The interaction substrate*inoculum was significant (P<0.05) for OMCV, where only in the case of soya bean meal the value was higher with RL Our results contrast with those of Mauricio et al (2001)

which found significantly lower values of A and RM and higher of tRM for FA compared to RL In a IVGPT trial carried out by Zicarelli (2004) on 6 diets with different forage:concentrate ratio using LR and FA from sheep, A was unaffected by the inocula while OMCV, B and RM were significantly higher and OM loss was

sig-nificantly lower for RL As suggested by Mauricio et al (2001) the difference in rate of gas production using

RL or FA can be explained by the diversity of types and activity of microorganisms present According to

sev-eral authors (Hobson, 1971; Kern et al., 1974) the microbes present in the hindgut and thus faeces are less

active than those from rumen However in the present trial the use of FA resulted in significantly higher RM; the latter could be due to the fact that collection was made at slaughter on animals fasting at least for 12 h

In these conditions the activity of the RL microorganisms could be decreased in contrast to that of the FA

Table 1 Fermentation characteristics, using RL and FA as inoculum

OM loss OMCV A B tRM RM pH

% ml g-1 ml g-1 h h h-1

FA 83.78 233 268 28.62 24.19 0.045 A 6.55

RL 83.52 231 264 30.75 27.73 0.041 B 6.62

MSE 1.77 220.9 410.9 12.8 15.2 0.00004 0.039

S*I: substrate*inoculum interaction; MSE: mean standard error; A,B: P<0.01; NS: not significant

For each substrate the gas production at each time was higher for FA (figure 1), in contrast with the results of

Mauricio et al (2001) These authors found FA also associated with longer lag phase and explained the

phe-nomenon with a lower activity of faecal microorganisms In the present trial, only the hay showed a lag phase,

but with both inocula The tRMwas higher for FA, excepted in the case of soya bean meal In conclusion, to bet-ter evaluate the use of FA for IVGPT, further researches on great number of feeds are necessary In addition, the procedure of rumen liquor sampling at slaughter, probable reason of decreasing activity of rumen microor-ganisms, has to be critically reconsidered

PROC 16thCONGR ASPA, TORINO, ITALY

Figure 1 Gas production (ml g-1) of the three substrates using RL and FA as inoculum

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – The author would like to thank Maria Ferrara for technical collaboration

and the ALDES farm (Paestum, SA) for helping to carry out the trial Work supported by PRIN 2003 Prot 2003070897_004 (Dr M.I Cutrignelli)

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