Approach Channel Modelling with Advanced Hydroinformatic Tool, Case Study: Small Hydro Power Plant Huta Certeze, Romania

Approach Channel Modelling with Advanced Hydroinformatic Tool, Case Study Small Hydro Power Plant Huta Certeze, Romania Procedia Engineering 161 ( 2016 ) 898 – 903 1877 7058 © 2016 The Authors Publish[.]

Procedia Engineering 161 ( 2016 ) 898 – 903

1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016

doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.752

ScienceDirect

:RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP

:0&$86

$SSURDFK&KDQQHO0RGHOOLQJZLWK$GYDQFHG+\GURLQIRUPDWLF 7RRO&DVH6WXG\6PDOO+\GUR3RZHU3ODQW+XWD&HUWH]H5RPDQLD

9ODG,RDQD5REHUW%HLOLFFLD(ULND%HLOLFFLD D

a Politehnica University Timisoara, Department of Hydrotechnical Engineering , Address, George Enescu str 1/A, 300022 Timisoara, Romania

$EVWUDFW

7KH SURPRWLRQ RI HOHFWULFLW\ SURGXFHG IURP UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ VRXUFHV H5(6 LV DQ LPSHUDWLYH RI WKH FXUUHQW SHULRG IRU HQYLURQPHQWDOUHDVRQVLQFUHDVLQJHQHUJ\LQGHSHQGHQFHWRWKHGLYHUVLILFDWLRQRIHQHUJ\LPSRUWVDQGIRUUHDVRQVRIHFRQRPLFDQG VRFLDO FRKHVLRQ 5RPDQLD ZDV DPRQJ WKH ILUVW FDQGLGDWH ZLWFK WUDQVSRVHG LQ WKHLU OHJLVODWLRQ WKH 'LUHFWLYH (& RI WKH (XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWDQGWKH&RXQFLORQWKHSURPRWLRQRIHOHFWULFLW\SURGXFHGIURPUHQHZDEOHVRXUFHVE\*'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

‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG

3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86

Keywords:VPDOOK\GURSRZHUSODQWK\GURLQIRUPDWLFWRROK\GURG\QDPLFPRGHOOLQJDSSURDFKFKDQQHOO

1RWDOOVPDOOK\GURSRZHUSODQWVDUHLQJRRGZRUNLQJFRQGLWLRQ,QYHVWPHQWLQDXWRPDWLRQFRQVROLGDWLRQWKHQHHGIRURWKHUUHSDLUV DQGUHWURILWWLQJHYHQWRWKHH[WHQWWKDWWKH\FDQUHFHLYHJUHHQFHUWLILFDWHVODZPXVWEHFRQVLGHUHG9HU\LPSRUWDQWLVWKHFRQGLWLRQ





E-mail address:UREHUWEHLOLFFL#XSWUR

© 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016

RIWKHGDPDQGDGGXFWLRQDQGODFNRIPDMRUHQYLURQPHQWDOSUREOHPVFRPELQHGZLWKWKHDELOLW\WRSURGXFHHQHUJ\1XPHULFDO VLPXODWLRQVZLWKDGYDQFHGK\GURLQIRUPDWLFWRROVDUHRIWHQWKHPRVWHIILFLHQWDQGSUDFWLFDOPHWKRGVIRUPRGHOOLQJDSSURDFKFKDQQHO ORVVLQFRPSOH[K\GURWHFKQLFDOV\VWHPV7KLVSDSHUDQDO\VHVWKHQHFHVVLW\DQGSRVVLELOLW\RIDSSURDFKFKDQQHOPRGHOOLQJZLWK DGYDQFHGK\GURLQIRUPDWLFWRRO7KHVWXG\FDVHVKRZV6PDOOK\GURSRZHUSODQW+XWD&HUWH]H)RUWKHPRGHOOLQJDUHXVH0,.( E\'+,VRIWZDUH+'PRGXOH

,QWURGXFWLRQ

0LFURK\GUR V\VWHPV DUH YHU\ IOH[LEOH DQG FDQ EH GHSOR\HG LQ D QXPEHU RI GLIIHUHQW HQYLURQPHQWV 7KH\ DUH GHSHQGHQWRQKRZPXFKZDWHUIORZWKHVRXUFHFUHHNULYHUDQGVWUHDPKDVDQGWKHYHORFLW\RIWKHIORZRIZDWHU (QHUJ\FDQEHVWRUHGLQEDWWHU\EDQNVDWVLWHVWKDWDUHIDUIURPDIDFLOLW\RUXVHGLQDGGLWLRQWRDV\VWHPWKDWLVGLUHFWO\ FRQQHFWHGVRWKDWLQWLPHVRIKLJKGHPDQGWKHUHLVDGGLWLRQDOUHVHUYHHQHUJ\DYDLODEOH7KHVHV\VWHPVFDQEHGHVLJQHG WR PLQLPL]H FRPPXQLW\ DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW UHJXODUO\ FDXVHG E\ ODUJH GDPV RU RWKHU PDVV K\GURHOHFWULF JHQHUDWLRQVLWHV



)LJ&RQVWUXFWLRQGHWDLOVRIDPLFURK\GURSODQW>@

0LFURK\GURLVDW\SHRIK\GURHOHFWULFSRZHUWKDWW\SLFDOO\SURGXFHVIURPN:WRN:RIHOHFWULFLW\XVLQJWKH QDWXUDOIORZRIZDWHU,QVWDOODWLRQVEHORZN:DUHFDOOHGSLFRK\GUR>@7KHVHLQVWDOODWLRQVFDQSURYLGHSRZHUWR DQLVRODWHGKRPHRUVPDOOFRPPXQLW\RUDUHVRPHWLPHVFRQQHFWHGWRHOHFWULFSRZHUQHWZRUNVSDUWLFXODUO\ZKHUH QHWPHWHULQJLVRIIHUHG7KHUHDUHPDQ\RIWKHVHLQVWDOODWLRQVDURXQGWKHZRUOGSDUWLFXODUO\LQGHYHORSLQJQDWLRQVDV WKH\FDQSURYLGHDQHFRQRPLFDOVRXUFHRIHQHUJ\ZLWKRXWWKHSXUFKDVHRIIXHO0LFURK\GURV\VWHPVFRPSOHPHQW VRODU39SRZHUV\VWHPVEHFDXVHLQPDQ\DUHDVZDWHUIORZDQGWKXVDYDLODEOHK\GURSRZHULVKLJKHVWLQWKHZLQWHU ZKHQVRODUHQHUJ\LVDWDPLQLPXP0LFURK\GURLVIUHTXHQWO\DFFRPSOLVKHGZLWKD3HOWRQZKHHOIRUKLJKKHDGORZ IORZZDWHUVXSSO\7KHLQVWDOODWLRQLVRIWHQMXVWDVPDOOGDPPHGSRRODWWKHWRSRIDZDWHUIDOOZLWKVHYHUDOKXQGUHG IHHWRISLSHOHDGLQJWRVPDOOJHQHUDWRUKRXVLQJ

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

RU PD\ EH FRQQHFWHG WR D FRPPXQLW\ GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP IRU VHYHUDO KRPHV RU EXLOGLQJV 8VXDOO\ PLFURK\GUR LQVWDOODWLRQVGRQRWKDYHDGDPDQGUHVHUYRLUVOLNHODUJHK\GURHOHFWULFSODQWVKDYHUHO\LQJRQDPLQLPDOIORZRIZDWHU WREHDYDLODEOH\HDUURXQG>@

0,.(VRIWZDUHSDFNDJHDGYDQFHVK\GURLQIRUPDWLFWRRO

0,.( LV DSURIHVVLRQDO HQJLQHHULQJ VRIWZDUHSDFNDJHIRU VLPXODWLRQ RIRQHGLPHQVLRQDOIORZV LQHVWXDULHV ULYHUVLUULJDWLRQV\VWHPVFKDQQHOVDQGRWKHUZDWHUERGLHV0,.(LVDGLPHQVLRQDOULYHUPRGHO,WZDVGHYHORSHG E\'+,:DWHU‡(QYLURQPHQW‡+HDOWK'HQPDUN

7KH+\GURG\QDPLF0RGXOH+'ZKLFKLVWKHFRUHFRPSRQHQWRIWKHPRGHOFRQWDLQVDQLPSOLFLWILQLWHGLIIHUHQFH

SRLQW$EERWW,RQHVFXVFKHPHIRUVROYLQJWKH6DLQW9HQDQW¶VHTXDWLRQV7KHIRUPXODWLRQFDQEHDSSOLHGWREUDQFKHG DQGORRSHGQHWZRUNVDQGIORRGSODLQV+'PRGXOHSURYLGHVIXOO\G\QDPLFVROXWLRQWRWKHFRPSOHWHQRQOLQHDU' 6DLQW9HQDQWHTXDWLRQVGLIIXVLYHZDYHDSSUR[LPDWLRQDQGNLQHPDWLFZDYHDSSUR[LPDWLRQ0XVNLQJXPPHWKRGDQG 0XVNLQJXP&XQJH PHWKRG IRU VLPSOLILHG FKDQQHO URXWLQJ ,W FDQ DXWRPDWLFDOO\ DGDSW WR VXEFULWLFDO IORZ DQG VXSHUFULWLFDO IORZ ,W KDV DELOLW\ WR VLPXODWH VWDQGDUG K\GUDXOLF VWUXFWXUHV VXFK DV ZHLUV FXOYHUWV EULGJHV SXPSV HQHUJ\ORVVDQGVOXLFHJDWHV

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7KHODWHUDOLQIORZLVXVHGWRGHSLFWUXQRII7KH4K UHODWLRQ ERXQGDU\ FDQ RQO\ EH DSSOLHG WR WKH GRZQVWUHDP ERXQGDU\ 0,.(  LV D PRGHOOLQJ SDFNDJH IRU WKH VLPXODWLRQRIVXUIDFHUXQRIIIORZVHGLPHQWWUDQVSRUWDQGZDWHUTXDOLW\LQULYHUVFKDQQHOVHVWXDULHVDQGIORRGSODLQV 0,.(KDVORQJEHHQNQRZQDVDVRIWZDUHWRROZLWKDGYDQFHGLQWHUIDFHIDFLOLWLHV6LQFHWKHEHJLQQLQJ0,.( ZDVRSHUDWHGWKURXJKDQHIILFLHQWLQWHUDFWLYHPHQXV\VWHPZLWKV\VWHPDWLFOD\RXWVDQGVHTXHQFLQJRIPHQXV,WLV ZLWKLQ WKDW IUDPHZRUN ZKHUH WKH ODWHVW µ&ODVVLF¶ YHUVLRQ RI 0,.(  ± YHUVLRQ  ZDV GHYHORSHG 7KH QHZ JHQHUDWLRQRI0,.(FRPELQHVWKHIHDWXUHVDQGH[SHULHQFHVIURPWKH0,.(µ&ODVVLF¶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

6WXG\&DVH

+\GURSRZHU&+(03+XWD&HUWH]HLVORFDWHGRQWKH5LYHU9DOHD5HD9DOHD0DUHDWULEXWDU\RIWKHULYHU7XU K\GURJUDSKLF EDVLQ 6RPHV +\GURSRZHU &+(03 +XWD &HUWH]H LV ORFDWHG LQ WKH ORFDOLW\ +XWD &HUWH]H ± &HUWH]H )LJXUH,WLVDOVRJHRJUDSKLFDOO\EHWZHHQSRLQWVRIFRQIOXHQFHRIULYHU0HVWHDFDQXSVWUHDPDQGGRZQVWUHDPHGJH RIWKHYLOODJH+XWD&HUWH]H,QWKLVLQWHUYDO&+(03+XWD&HUWH]HLVDUUDQJHGEHWZHHQPXSVWUHDPIURPWKH FRQIOXHQFHZLWKULYHU9DFDUXOXLDQGPWROLPLWWKHSRZHUSODQWEXLOGLQJDWWKHSHULPHWHURIWKHYLOODJH+XWD

&HUWH]H



)LJ3ODFHRI+\GURSRZHU+XWD&HUWH]H>@



)LJ0RGHOOLQJDUHDSODQ

+HDGUDFHIROORZVWKHULYHU9DOHD5HDDQGLVORFDWHGQHDUWKHURDGWRWKHVSHFLILFIRUHVW7KHSLSHOLQHLVEXULHG EHORZWKHIURVWGHSWKP7KHSLSHOLQHGLDPHWHU' PPDQGOHQJWK/ P3LSHPDWHULDOLVFRPSRVLWH ILEUHJODVV *53 &KDQJHV GLUHFWLRQV IURP WKH SLSHOLQH DQG WHUPLQDO DUH SURYLGHG PDVVLYH FRQFUHWH DQFKRUDJH FDOFXODWHGWRWDNHWKHVWDWLFDQGG\QDPLFIRUFHVWKDWZLOOHPHUJHLQWKHSLSHOLQH&+(03FDSWXUHIRU+XWD&HUWH]H W\SHLVLQVWDOOHG7\UROHDQIORZRIPVZLWKGHGXVWLQJ>@7KHGDWDUHTXLUHGIRUPRGHOOLQJDUHPRGHOOLQJDUHD SODQ)LJXUHORQJLWXGLQDOSURILOHRIDSSURDFKFKDQQHOFLUFXODUFURVVVHFWLRQVDORQJDSSURDFKFKDQQHOGLVFKDUJH LQFURVVVHFWLRQXSVWUHDPERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQV4+FXUYHLQFURVVVHFWLRQVLWXDWHGGRZQVWUHDP>@7KHREWDLQHG UHVXOWVUHJDUGLQJWRDSSURDFKFKDQQHOPRGHOOLQJDUHZDWHUOHYHOLQHDFKFURVVVHFWLRQDORQJWKHORQJLWXGLQDOSURILOH )LJXUH)URP)LJXUHLWLVREVHUYHGWKDWWKHUDWHYDULDWLRQVRIZDWHUOHYHODUHEHWZHHQFKDQQHOFKDLQDJHDQG





)LJ:DWHUOHYHOLQHDFKFURVVVHFWLRQ

&RQFOXVLRQV

7KHPRGHOOLQJZLWKDGYDQFHGK\GURLQIRUPDWLFWRROVLVLPSRUWDQWIRUZDWHUFRXUVHVFKDQQHOVZKHUHPD\DSSHDU SUREOHPV GXHWR HURVLRQRUGHSRVLWLRQ LQ ULYHUEHG$ VSHFLDO LPSRUWDQFH KDV WKHTXDOLW\ RI LQSXWGDWD QHHGHGIRU PRGHOOLQJWRSRJUDSKLFDOGDWDRIFURVVVHFWLRQVVORSHVDQGEHGURXJKQHVV

0HPEHU6WDWHVVKRXOGDVVHVVDFWLYLWLHVWKDWKDYHWKHHIIHFWRILQFUHDVLQJIORRGULVNV)ORRGULVNPDQDJHPHQWSODQV VKRXOG WKHUHIRUH WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW WKH SDUWLFXODU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH DUHDV WKH\ FRYHU DQG SURYLGH IRU WDLORUHG VROXWLRQVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHQHHGVDQGSULRULWLHVRIWKRVHDUHDVZKLOVWHQVXULQJUHOHYDQWFRRUGLQDWLRQZLWKLQULYHUEDVLQ GLVWULFWVDQGSURPRWLQJWKHDFKLHYHPHQWRIHQYLURQPHQWDOREMHFWLYHVODLGGRZQLQ&RPPXQLW\OHJLVODWLRQ0HPEHU 6WDWHVVKRXOGEDVHWKHLUDVVHVVPHQWVPDSVDQGSODQVRQDSSURSULDWHµEHVWSUDFWLFH¶DQGµEHVWDYDLODEOHWHFKQRORJLHV¶ QRWHQWDLOLQJH[FHVVLYHFRVWVLQWKHILHOGRIIORRGULVNPDQDJHPHQW>@

$FNQRZOHGJHPHQW

7KLVSDSHUFDQEHSRVVLEOHWKDQNVWRSURMHFW'HYHORSPHQWRINQRZOHGJHFHQWUHVIRUOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJE\LQYROYLQJ RIVSHFLDOLVWVDQGGHFLVLRQPDNHUVLQIORRGULVNPDQDJHPHQWXVLQJDGYDQFHGK\GURLQIRUPDWLFWRROV$*5((0(17 Q //3/G97R,5252/(2 7KLV SURMHFW KDV EHHQ IXQGHG ZLWK VXSSRUW IURP WKH (XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ7KLVSXEOLFDWLRQ>FRPPXQLFDWLRQ@UHIOHFWVWKHYLHZVRQO\RIWKHDXWKRUDQGWKH&RPPLVVLRQ FDQQRWEHKHOGUHVSRQVLEOHIRUDQ\XVHZKLFKPD\EHPDGHRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDLQHGWKHUHLQ

>@%UDQFKH(+\GURSRZHUWKHVWURQJHVWSHUIRUPHULQWKH&'0SURFHVVUHIOHFWLQJKLJKTXDOLW\RIK\GURLQFRPSDULVRQWRRWKHUUHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\VRXUFHV(')3DULV

>@'+,0,.($PRGHOOLQJV\VWHPIRUULYHUVDQGFKDQQHOV5HIHUHQFHPDQXDO+RUVKROP'HQPDUN

>@1DWLRQDO$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ³5RPDQLDQ:DWHUV´1$5:6RPHV7LVD%UDQFK'DWDIURPYDULRXVGRFXPHQWVDQGVWXGLHV&OXM1DSRFD

>@6&3LORQ65/7HFKQLFDOSURMHFW6PDOOK\GURSRZHUSODQW+XWD&HUWH]H5RPDQLD

>@KWWSHQHUJ\JRY

>@'LUHFWLYH(&RIWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWDQGRIWKH&RXQFLORI2FWREHURQWKHDVVHVVPHQWDQGPDQDJHPHQWRIIORRGULVNV

>@PDSVJRRJOHFRPRQOLQH



< /small>



E-mail address:< /small> UREHUWEHLOLFFL#XSWUR< /small>

© 2016 The Authors Published...

3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86< /small>

Keywords:< /small> VPDOOK\GURSRZHUSODQWK\GURLQIRUPDWLFWRROK\GURG\QDPLFPRGHOOLQJDSSURDFKFKDQQHOO< /small>

1RWDOOVPDOOK\GURSRZHUSODQWVDUHLQJRRGZRUNLQJFRQGLWLRQ,QYHVWPHQWLQDXWRPDWLRQFRQVROLGDWLRQWKHQHHGIRURWKHUUHSDLUV... WHUPVRIUHWXUQRQLQYHVWPHQWFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUEXVLQHVVRSSRUWXQLW\< /small>

‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG< /small>

3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86< /small>

Keywords:< /small> VPDOOK\GURSRZHUSODQWK\GURLQIRUPDWLFWRROK\GURG\QDPLFPRGHOOLQJDSSURDFKFKDQQHOO< /small>