Kĩ năng vận dụng kết hợp các phương thức biểu đạt khi tạo lập văn bản tự sự ở học sinh trung học cơ sở tỉnh thái nguyên thực trạng và giải pháp

z • • THaC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP O ThS NGUYEN THI THU HANG 1 Chuong trinh (CT) vd sdch gido khoa (SGK) NgQ vdn (NV) trung hgc co sd (THCS) ddnh nhi lu thdi lugng cho viec dgy kieu vdn bdn ty sy (VBTS) Od[.]

z

• •

THaC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP

O ThS NGUYEN THI THU H A N G

1 Chuong trinh (CT) vd sdch gido khoa (SGK)

NgQ vdn (NV) trung hgc co sd (THCS) ddnh n h i l u

thdi lugng cho viec dgy kieu vdn bdn ty sy (VBTS)

Ode biet, d vdng hoi (Idp 8, Idp 9), CT vd SGK

dd d l ro yeu cdu vdn dyng ket hgp cdc phuong

thiic bieu dgt (PTBD) d kieu VBTS vd coi ddy Id

mgt kT ndng (KN) edn ehu trgng hinh thdnh vd

phdt trien cho hgc sinh (HS)

Tuy nhien, trong thyc te, KN vdn dyng ket hgp

cdc PTBD khi tgo ldp VBTS cuo HS THCS dong d

miic do ndo? Oe trd Idi cdu hdi d d , chung tdi dd

td chuc mdt cudc khdo sdt vdi ddi tugng Id HS

Idp 8 vd Idp 9 sou khi hoc xong phdn VBTS trong

SGK NV 8, 9 (hgc ki 1, ndm hgc 2008-2009):

1228 lugt HS Idm bdi ludn d l , 858 lugt HS Idm

bdi trdc nghiem; ngodi ra cdn phdng vd'n 78 GV

d cdc trudng THCS

Ojo bdn khdo sdt Id 3 trudng THCS thudc tfnh

Thdi Nguyen, dgi dien cho 3 khu vye m i l n nui,

thdnh phd'vd ndng thdn

Cdc phuang phdp khdo sdt dugc sti dyng: ty

lugn truyin thd'ng, trdc nghiem, phdng vd'n Cdch

thtic khdo sdt cy the nhu sou: - Sogn vd thyc hien

2 de kiem tro theo phuong phdp truyen thd'ng;

- Sogn vd thyc hien 2 phieu ddnh gid (OG) theo

phuang phdp trdc nghiem; - Sogn vd thyc hien 1

phieu phdng vd'n GV

Npi dung khdo sdt: - KN ket hgp mieu td trong

VBTS; - KN ket hgp nghj ludn trong VBTS; KN

ket hgp bieu cdm trong VBTS; - KN ket hgp thuyet

minh trong VBTS; - KN ket hgp ddng thdi nhieu

PTBD trong VBTS

Oe ddm bdo do tin edy, rieng vdi HS, chting

tdi dd thyc hien 2 Idn khdo sdt: Idn mdt, dung

ty ludn; Idn h o i , d u n g phieu trdc nghiem M d i

Idn khdo sdt d i u cd 2 d l hogc phieu, tuong

duong nhau v l ndi dung vd miic do yeu c d u ;

Tap ciii Giao due so 2 7 0 (ki2-9/2oii)

phdt eho HS theo so c h d n / l e Khi chdm, ket qud 2 de (hogc phieu) x i i If nhu nhau Thdi gian Idm bdi 4 5 p h t i t t g i Idp Rieng vdi HS Idp

9, nhdm ddnh gid cy the hon ve khd ndng ket hgp cde PTBD d VBTS, ehung tdi td chtic cho

HS Idm 2 Idn khdo sdt vdi d l ty lugn, 1 Idn khdo sdt vdi phieu trdc nghiem

Ngi dung cy the cua cac de hr lugn nhu sau: lap 8: De 1: Hay ke ve mot ki niem dang nho doi

vdi mpt con vat nuoi md em yeu thich De 2: Hoy

ke ve mpt lan em mdc khuyet diem khie'n thdy, co gido budn; Ldp 9: De /; Ke Igi mpt gide mo, trong do em duac ggp Igi ngi/di than da xo each

lau ngay De 2: Tuong tirgng Id 5 ndm sou vao mgt

ngdy he, em ve tham trudng cu Hay ke Igi budi

tham trudng ddy xijc dgng dy De 3: Hay tudng

tugng minh ggp go vd fro chuyen voi ngudi linh Idi

xe trong bdi tho «Tieu doi xe khong kinh" ciia Phgm

Tie'n Dugt Viet bdi van ke Igi cuoc ggp go vd tro

chuyen ay De 4: Neu Id ngudi dugc chung kien

ednh loo Hgc ke chuyen bdn cho voi ong gido trong

truyen ngdn «Lao Hgc" cua Nam Coo thi em se ke

Igi cau chuyen do nhu the ndo

Ket qud chdm tfnh diem 1 0 / 1 0 , xep logi vd

tfnh tf le % V l phieu trdc nghiem, mdi phieu gdm

10 cdu hdi (item) nhdm OG 5 ndi dung nhu tren (myc d) Bdi trdc nghiem khdng chdm diem md thdng ke ket qud trd Idi dung/soi ddi vdi mdi cdu vd tting edp cdu, tu dd tfnh H le trd Idi dung dd'i vdi mdi ndi dung trong ndng lyc vdn dyng ket hgp cdc PTBD trong VBTS

2 Ket q u d khdo sdt

1) Ket qud khdo sdt thu dugc qua phieu

phdng vdn GV Nhin chung, cdc OG eua GV v l

KN viet vdn ty su ndi chung vd KN ket hgp cdc PTBD trong kieu VBTS ndi rieng cijo HS Id khdng khd quan

* Tnroing fiai hpc sir pham - fiai hpc Thai Nguyen

25% G V OG KN viet vdn ty sy cuo HS thudc

logi khd - td't, 48,d8% OG Id trung binh, 2d,32%

OG Id ye'u Trong cdc KN viet vdn tu sy, KN Hm

hieu d l dugc D G coo hon hdn (51,31 % OG td't)

Hep de'n Id KN Hm y vd ldp ddn y Cd le 3 KN

ndy dd duoc chu trong ren luyen trong CT vd

SGK N V THCS vd do de vdn ty sy G V ro cho HS

cdn don gidn, d l Hm hieu KN d i l n dgt, ddc biet

Id KN phdt hien vd stio Idi trong bdi vdn ty sy

dugc OG thd'p: d miic trung binh vd ye'u

KN ket hgp ty su vdi phuang thtic mieu td

dugc D G khd td't (40,05% OG td't), tiep theo Id

KN ket hgp vdi phuong thiic bieu cdm (27,d3%

DG tdt) KN ket hgp vdi phuang thiic nghj lugn,

phuong thtic thuyet minh bj D G ye'u Vdi KN ket

hgp nhilu PTBD trong VBTS cuo HS THCS, 23,d8%

GV duge hdi cho rdng cde em biet ket hgp td't

nhilu phuong thuc trong VBTS, 28,95% D G trung

binh vd 47,37% DG yeu Cy the:

Bdng 1 Ket qud phdng vdn GV vi KN viet

vdn TS eua HS THCS

quapMngvin

Cac (AwUng (I91 pWng vk\ ^ ^ - _

OGduig

Cicndikiig

CO bin ciia KN

nil vin TS

ket hop cic

PTB08VBTS

Tim Neu di van V so

Tlmyctwb^v^tust/

LapOany

Den dat trofig bai v^ to so

Pliat Iiien vasija chiia lii

l^lKlnglttfcrneut^

PIUdngltKfc bieu cam

Ptumgtlilcntfiilu^

PlumgtliCiClluyilnnnli

Kit hop nhiu plUlngltU:

SJGV tralJl ptiongvin

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

KitquaBGcAaGV KM-Tot

|SU%) 19-25%

39- 51,31%

29-38,15%

31-40,79%

16-21,05%

9-11,84%

35-40,05%

21-27,63%

5-6,58%

4-5,26%

18-23,68%

TB(SI,%) 37-48,68%

27-35,53%

3 2 - 4 i t l % 28-36,84%

22-28,95%

15-19,74%

24-31,58%

35-46,05%

13-17,1%

5-6,58%

22-28,95%

Yiu

(a,%)

20-26,32%

10-13,16%

15-19,74%

17-22,37%

38-50%

52-68,42%

17-2Z37%

20-26,32%

58-76,32%

67-88,16%

36-47,37%

qud d mtic do nhd't djnh (sd HS Idp 8 dgt h i trung binh trd len chiem d5,5%; sd HS Idp 9 dgt h i trung binh trd len chie'm 71 ,d%) Dgc diem bdi viet cua phdn ddng HS thudc logi ndy Id: biet ke Igi cdu chuyen, duo ro mdt sdchi tiet ve sy vdt, con ngudi phu hgp, nhung chua biet lya chgn chi Het dn tugng, chua biet sap xep hgp If, edm xiic vdn cdn

md nhgt, khd ndng nghj ludn chua td't

- So HS xep logi TB vd yeu cdn khd coo (khodng 30%) Trong sd ndy cd nhiing bieu hien rd ret nhu: nhilu bdi viet thudng so vdo ke, thd'ng ke cdc chi Het, rdi rgc khd khon, bj nhdm Idn giOa kieu vdn

TS vdi kieu vdn mieu td Phdn Idn HS vdn dyng ket hgp cde PTBD edn d mtic do thd'p, don dieu vd chua that nhudn nhuyin vd sdng tgo O i l u ndy cho thdy viec ddt vd'n d l ren luyen KN vdn dung cdc PTBD cho HS THCS d kieu VBTS Id dting ddn

vd edn thiet Hon nua, he thd'ng bdi tdp (BT) cdn tdp trung khde phyc cdc diem ye'u tren

b) DG ve ede PTBD HS ed ket hgp trong bai kiem tra (bdng 3):

2) Ket qud DG bang

a) DG chung ndng lue

PTBD d kieu VBTS eua HS

ty ludn vdn dung ket hap ede THCS (bdng 2):

Clio VSn An (TP

Thai Nguyen)

Thing L0i (Pha'

Yen -Thai

Ngoyin)

Yen fid (Phij

lOdng - Thai

Ngoyen)

Cpng

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

S6bdi

\dim Ira

189

474

108

220

91

246

388

940

Ket qua Gioi (8-10)

91 48,1

150 31,7

19 17,6

11

5

4 4,4

21 8,5

114 29,4

182 19,4

KhS (6,5-7,9)

71 37,6

293 61,8

40

37

98 44,5

29 31,9

100 40,6

140 36,1

491 52,2

TB (5-6,9)

22 11.6

31 6,5

39 36,1

100 45,5

43 47,2

117 47,6

104 26,8

248 26,4

Yeu (1-4,9)

5 2,7

0

0

10 9,3

11

5

15 16,5

8 3,3

30 7,7

19

2

Chu van An (TPThal NguySn)

Thing Lol (Phd Yen-Thai Nguyen)

Yen 06(Phu LUdng - Thai Nguyen)

Cdng

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

S6bai kiem tia

189

474

108

220

91

246

388

940

K^t hap

Mieuta

189

100

474

100

108

100

220

100

91

100

246

100

388

100

940

100

Bleu cam

93

49,2

154

32,49

43

39,81

78

35,45

33

36,26

94

38,21

169

43,56

326

34,68

Nghj lu|n

26

13.75

111

23,42

12

11,11

47

21,36

2

0.22

23

9,35

40

10,31

181

19,26

Thuyet minti

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

(Chu thfch: TB: Trung binh, SL: Sdlugngj

Qua bdng 2, to thd'y:

- Chua tfnh nhung mdt yeu, ndng luc vdn dung

ket hgp cdc PTBD d kieu VBTS cuo HS THCS dgt ket

Nhdn xet: 100% cdc bdi Idm ctia HS d cd

hoi khdi 8 vd 9 deu ed vdn dyng ket hgp phuong thtic mieu t d ; - Phuong thtic bieu cdm cung dugc ede em chtj y vdn dyng vdi H le tuong ddi (43,56% vdi Idp 8 vd 34,d8% vdi Idp 9); Phuong thtic nghj lugn cung dugc mgt so HS chu y vdn dyng nhung tf le khdng coo ( 1 0 , 3 1 % vdi Idp 8 vd 19,26% vdi Idp 9); Khdng cd bd't cii bdi Idm ndo cuo HS cd sy vdn dyng phuong thtic thuyet minh trong khi Idm bdi

c) DG ede PTBD ket hgp tdt trong bdi kiem tra eua HS (xem bdng 4)

Tieu ehf OG viec vdn dyng ket hgp td't d ddy Id: HS biet vdn dyng PTBD d d , biet d i l n dgt hgp

Tap chi Giao due so 2 7 0 (ki 2.0/201 D

Tn/dng THCS

Chu Vin An

(TPThai

Nguyen)

Thing Ldi

(Phd

Yen-Thdi Nguyen)

THCS Yen Od

(Phu LiMng

-Thai Nguyen)

COng

1

LdpS

Ldp 9

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

Ldp 8

L4p9

Ldp 8

Ldp 9

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

SL

%

kidnitra

189

474

108

220

91

246

388

940

Mieu 13

79 41.79

156 32.91

24 22,22

57 25.91

12 13,19

49 19,92

115 29,64

262 27,87

Bilu c i m

17 8,99

58 12,24

11 10,19

26 11,82

7 7,69

29 11,79

35 9,02

113 12,02

Nghi luin

8 4,23

27 5,7

3 2,78

13 5,91

1 1,1

4 1,63

12 3,09

44 4,68

Thuyet minh

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

If, ngudi dgc chdp nhdn duge md ehua cdn phdi

that hoy (vdi phuong thtic mieu td Id neu len dugc

ddc diem cuo sy vdt, dd'i tugng dmh t d ; vdi

phuong thiic bieu edm Id edm xuc, suy nghT chdn

thdnh; vdi phuong thtic nghi ludn Id ludn diem

duge trinh bdy tuong ddi sdng r d , logic) Ket qud

nhu sou: Tf le HS ket hgp td't phuong thtic mieu

td trong bdi Idm chiem gdn 1 / 3 tdng sd bdi Idm;

Tf le HS ket hgp td't phuong thtic bieu cdm vd

nghj ludn trong bdi Idm tren tdng sd bdi ldm:

thd'p vdi bieu cdm (9,02% d Idp 8 vd 10,02% d

Idp 9), vd rdt thd'p vdi nghi lugn (3,09% d Idp 8

vd 4,68% d Idp 9)

Nhu vdy, cd the thd'y, phdn Idn HS chua cd

KN vgn dyng ket hgp cdc PTBD d kieu VBTS

3 De ndng cao K N v g n d y n g ket h g p cdc

PTBD d kieu VBTS cho HS THCS, cdn x d y d u n g

mgt he thd'ng BT p h u h g p

" KNket hgp cde PTBD d kieu VBTS chf dugc hinh

thdnh thdng quo cdc BT Quo BT, GV duo HS vdo

nhung hogt ddng duge tfnh todn vd sdp xep hgp If

de HS cd the dgt tdi KN ndy Ndi cdch khde, nhd

thyc hien cdc BT md HS ndm dugc vd vdn dyng

dugc cdc KN bd phdn de sdn sinh mdt VBTS

Vgn dyng If thuyet ve cdc dgng thtic BT, ed the

xdy dyng mdt he thd'ng rd't phong phu v l mdt

chung loai BT ren luyen kT ndng vdn dyng ket hgp

cde PTBD cho HS THCS d kieu VBTS Cde dgng

thtic khde nhau cuo he thd'ng BT ndy lien ket, don

xen vdo nhau, tgo thdnh mdt he thd'ng chdt ehe,

logic vd cung het stic sinh ddng Tuy nhien, cung

chfnh vi tfnh chd't phong phu, sinh ddng d d , viec

xdy dyng he thd'ng BT d ddy eung gdp khdng ft

khd khdn Vi vdy, chting tdi chua cd dieu kien de

nghien ctiu vd the hien cde dgng thtic BT mdt cdch

Tap clii Giao due so 270 (ki2-9/2oii)

da dgng hon md chf xdy dyng mdt he thdng BT dya theo tieu chf phdn logi mtic do ndm vung kie'n thtic cua B.S.Bloom vd Nikko (gdm 2 nhdm

BT Idn): Nhdm BT ren luyen kT ndng vdn dyng ket hgp mdt PTBD cho HS trong kieu VBTS (ggi tdt

Id nhdm BT ket hgp don); - Nhdm BT ren luyen kT ndng vdn dyng ket hgp tii 2 PTBD cho HS trong kieu VBTS (ggi tdt Id nhdm BT ket hgp phtic) M d i nhdm BT tren Igi boo gdm 3 logi sou: BT nhdn biet, BT thdng hieu vd BT vdn dyng Mdi logi BT Igi dugc ehia thdnh cdc dgng BT nhd Mdi dgng

BT d i u mang mgt y nghTa quan trgng khde nhau

vd cd md'i quan he bien chting Idn nhau, cung gdp phdn ren luyen kT ndng vdn dung ket hop cdc PTBD d kidu VBTS cho HS THCS.'

Cd nhung BT tuy khdng mdi song Igi thiet thye

md cdc G V cdn quan tdm vi nd giup dem Igi hieu qud trong viec ren luyen kT ndng vdn dyng ket hgp cdc PTBD cho HS THCS, ddp ting nhu cdu

tgo ldp VBTS hieu qud CIJO cde em Q

Tai lieu tliam Idiao

1 Le A Nguyen Quang Ninh Bui Minti Toan

Pliinmg pliap day hoc tieng Viet NXB Gido due,

H 1998

2 D6 Ngoc Ttidng Bai t$p trie nghiem kien thirc Ngir van 9 NXB Giao duo, H 2007

3 D6 Ngpc ThO'ng Lam vSn NXB Dgi hoc suphgm,

H 2007

4 D6 Ngoc Tha'ng Lam van tur li thuyet den thirc hanh NXB Giao due, H 1997

5 Nguygn KhSc Phi (t6ng chu bien) Ngu vSn 9,

tap 1 NXB Gido due, H 2005

SUIVIIVIARY

From the results of surveying the skill of applying the combination of expressing ways in writing first-person narrative texts in lower secondary students (Thai Nguyen province), the author recommends that an appropriate exercise system should be made to train this skill for students

DINH CHINH

Tgp ehi G i d o dye, sd 269, bdi «Ren kT

ndng dgc dien cdm cho hpc sinh tieu hpc"

(trang 31) ten tdc g i d xin dgc dung Id

Trjnh Cam Ly

Thdnh thdt xin loi tdc gid vd ban doe

BBT

i