HUdnc uk HOC SINH TUDAT CAU HOI TRONG DAY HOC M O N N G O V A N O TilS PHAM THI HUE'''' 1 Neu edu hdi (CH) Id hinh thtre dgy hgc dugc bdo, hodc nhtrng gid thuylt v l ndi dung bdi hgc su dyng frong nhilu[.]
Trang 1HUdnc uk HOC SINH TUDAT CAU HOI TRONG DAY HOC M O N N G O V A N
O TilS PHAM THI HUE'
1 Neu edu hdi (CH) Id hinh thtre dgy hgc dugc bdo, hodc nhtrng gid thuylt v l ndi dung bdi hgc
su dyng frong nhilu phuong phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) Quo CH cuo HS, GV h i i u mi^c do ndm virng
Ngudi thdy gidi Id ngudi cd nghe thudt neu CH k i l n thirc, kT ndng ciio HS, k i l m nghidm PPDH vd
Cdc tdi lieu v l PPDH Idu nay thudng chii h-gng d i n hieu qud dgy hge ciio minh, Kr dd kjp thdi d i l u
kr ndng dgt CH cua gido vien (GV) Tuy nhien, chinh ngi dung, phuong phdp, k l hogch dgy hge
hrong bd'i cdnh dgy hge hien nay, viec neu CH Dd'i vdi HS, neu CH giup ren luyen khd ndng hr
khdng t h i Id dgc q u y i n cua GV Hgc sinh (HS) duy, ngdn ngtr, kT ndng gioo filp, irng x i i , thdi
cung edn duge ddt CH, edn hge d l b i l t cdch hdi do Kr fin h-ong hgc tdp Khi neu edu hdi, cdc em
cdi g i , hdi nhu t h i ndo, b i l t cdch Idng nghe, b i l t cd eo hdi dugc t h i hien bdn thdn, hinh thdnh thdi
franh bien, phdn hdi GV khdng chi trau ddi kT quen hodi nghi trong nhdn thiic cdi mdi GV
ndng neu CH md edn cdn ren luyen kT ndng hudng thudng xuyen giup HS b i l t dgt CH vd cd kT ndng
ddn HS Kr dgt CH h-ong qud frinh dgy hge td chirc HS h/ fim k i l m Idi gidi ddp cdn gdp phdn
Quo khdo sdt tren quy md nhd vdi 200 GV tgo khdng khi Idp hgc thdn thien, ddn chu
cOo 10 trudng THCS vd 10 h-udng THPT thudc 2 Cd t h i hudng ddn HS dgt CH trong nhirng
finh Nam Dmh v l vd'n d l hudng ddn HS neu CH finh hudng, thdi diem ey t h i sou:
trong qud H n h dgy hge mgn NgCr vdn, ehung tdi + Kiem tra bdi cu: thay vi GV hdi, ggi HS len
thu dugc k i t qud: so GV thudng xuyen hudng trd Idi, GV ed t h i cho HS chgn bgn d l neu CH,
ddn HS Kr dgt CH trong qud trinh dgy hgc Ngir sou dd HS trd Idi, GV Id trgng tdi Hode, GV chi
vdn c h i l m 28% (ed'p THCS) vd 23% (cdp THPT), djnh mgt bgn frong Idp neu CH de HS duge k i l m
so G V thinh thodng hudng ddn HS tu dgt CH tra trd Idi; ddnh gid d i l m ciio cd hai HS qua chd't
chiem 70% (ed'p THCS) vd 73% (cdp THPT), so lugng eua CH vd cdu frd Idi Viec HS hr dgt CH
GV khdng boo g i d hudng ddn HS tu dgt CH k i l m tra bdi cung Id mdt hinh thiie/igc//idng qua
c h i l m 1,5% (ed'p THCS) vd 2,9% (cdp THPT) thyc hdnh dgy vdi y nghTa HS dugc ddng vai
N h u vdy, do so GV dd ed y thiic cho HS tu ngudi dgy d l neu CH kiem tro bdi eu GV ed t h i
ddt CH h-ong qud trinh dgy hgc nhu mgt cdch trao q u y l h vd hudng ddn HS ddnh gid bgn thdng
kich thfch HS chii ddng, tfch cue hgc tdp Cung qua viec cho d i l m cdu trd Idi theo nhirng fieu chf
qua khdo sdt, da so GV hdi Idng khi HS neu CH do GV neu ra
h-ong g i d hge vd thudng khoi ggi d l giup cdc em + Kiem tra viec ty hgc d nhd: Cho HS neu
h/ gidi ddp Id chfnh Tuy nhien, viee hudng ddn CH trudc khi hgc bdi mdi d l kilm tra viec Kr hgc d
HS Kr ddt CH nhu t h i ndo chua dugc GV ddt ra nhd Vf dy: Sau khi ty dgc, ty nghien euu bdi hge
h-ong t h i l t k l bdi hgc vd thudng thyc hien mdt vd tu lieu tham Wido d nhd, moi em hdy viit tu 1
cdch edm tfnh Chfnh vi t h i , CH cdc em neu ro din 2 CH neu vdn de minh chua hiiu ro, chua
chu y l u Id thdc mde v l nhirng ndi dung G V ehua hieu rgng vd sdu nhdt hode bdn khodn nhd't?
gidng gidi ey t h i , hjong minh HS neu CH trong + [)gy hgc bdi mdi: Trong qud trinh dgy hge
qud trinh nghe gidng bdi mdi vd khi trao ddi bdi mdi, yeu edu HS ghi Igi nhiing CH t h i hien
thdo ludn nhdm do GV yeu cdu, khich le Id n h i l u bdn khodn, thdc mde cuo minh de trao ddi vdi
H i l m ed CH dugc HS Kr dgt CH trong qud trinh thdy vd bgn vdo cudi budi hge N h u vdy, HS edn
chudn bj bdi d nhd Da phdn cdc CH chua t h i phdi tich cue, chii dgng nghe gidng, ddo sdu suy
hien su tuong tdc tieh cue cuo HS vdi k i l n thiie
mdi, su fim tdi d ehilu sdu, su phdn dodn hay d u * Sd Giao dye va flao tao Nam fijnii
•ap chi Giao due s6 2 6 9 (ki i 9/aon) ^^
Trang 2nghT vd cd kT ndng phdn hdi mdi cd the thudng ddn, ren luyen thudng xuyen cua GV vd nd luc xuyen cd CH thdc mde trong qud trinh hgc tdp cuo moi ed nhdn HS Dd'i vdi GV, trudc hit, cdn
+ Cung cd vd luyen tap cudi gid hgc: To ndng cao kT ndng dgt CH, kT ndng ddn nhdp, kit
chirc cho HS ldm viec theo nhdm 3-5 ngudi, mdi thuc, gidng gidi, biln hda, phdn hdi ; chu ddng
HS d i u dugc quyen hdi, trd Idi, cho diem bgn xdy dyng ke hogch bdi hgc, phd'i hgp thdnh thgo
Ludn cd mdt HS ldm trgng tdi GV trg giup HS cdc phuong phdpvdkTthudtdgyhgc,uyln chuyen trong vai trd ngudi dilu phdi vd ddnh gid linh hogt h-ong td chire cdc hinh thirc hogt dgng
+ Hudng dan HS tu bgc a nhd: Cho HS tu gido dye Ddi vdi GV khdng dugc ne trdnh CH
ra CH, bdi tdp HS se cd eo hdi trinh bdy nhtrng ciia HS, h-di Igi nen gidi ddp thuylt phuc, thdu
gi minh tdm ddc nhd't Tu dgt cdu hdi, HS bdt ddo khiln HS fin tudng v d n l phye Thdi diem thfch budc phdi fim hiiu kT bdi ( d l hiiu hodc nhdn ra hgp d l HS Kr dgt CH thudng Id ngay sou khi hgc vd'n d l chua hieu) Qua ddy, GV cd t h i do dugc kiln thirc mdi N l u GV kjp thdi gidi ddp se khuy^ miic do ndm viing kiln thirc, kT ndng cung nhu khfch dugc ham mud'n phdn hdi cuo HS GV cung thdi do hgc tdp cua mdi HS cdn cdn cii vdo mye fieu, ngi dung bdi hgc d l
+ Cdc bdi dn tap: Tuy thdi lugng vd ndi dung nhdn dien, phdn logi CH cua HS, Kr do cd nhimg
bdi hgc, GV cd t h i td chire hudng ddn HS h/ dgt cdch ung biln linh hogt mang tinh djnh hudng,
CH de he thd'ng hdo kiln thirc vd ren kT ndng dd kjp thdi; phdi Idng nghe CH cuo HS, cd cdch ung hgc Kit hgp hinh thirc cdc nhdm thi gidi CH, gidi xii phii hgp vdi dd'i tugng hdi, thdi gian, ndi dung bdi tgp nhanh cd thudng, GV cd t h i phdt huy CH, mye fieu bdi hgc Ngodi ra, phdn phd'i chuong cao do finh tfch cue, chii ddng cua HS h-ong hge Hnh, tu lieu tham khdo, phuong fien dgy hgc cung tgp ddng thdi tgo khdng khf Idp hgc sdi ndi, sinh Id nhihig y l u to cdn thilt tgo dilu kien thudn Igi ddng, hieu qud cho GV hudng ddn HS Kr dgt CH trong qud frinh
+ Cdc bdi hgc vi tdc gid, giai dogn vdn dgy hgc mdt cdch hieu qud Mdt y l u to dgc biet
hgc: Do kiln thiic dd dugc h-inh bdy trong SGK, quan trgng niia Id finh thdn Kr hgc, thdi quen, nhu
nen GV cd t h i td chue dgy hgc bdng each hudng cdu dugc hgc hdi cuo HS hien nay Thdi quen Kr
ddn HS hf dgt CH kit hgp hinh thiic hogt dgng hgc, nhu cdu hgc hdi ciio HS phdn nhilu do sy
nhdm, Mdi nhdm cii mgt ngudi dilu hdnh nhdm djnh hudng, ren luyen cua gia dinh Kr nhd Nha
HS ndy se neu cdc CH v l bdi khdi qudt tdc gid, trudng filp Kic ddng vai fro quan h-gng h-ong viec gioi dogn vdn hgc Cdc thdnh vien trong nhdm ddi mdi PPDH, ddi mdi kilm tro, ddnh gid d l giup thdo ludn v l nhihig CH ndy Mgt HS tdm tdt Igi cdc ngudi hgc coi viec hgc thuc su Id nhu cdu Id co ndi dung vira thdo ludn Cd nhdm xdc djnh nhihig hdi Id quyin Igi nhu khdu hieu UNESCO dd neu
kiln thirc ehua hiiu, nhung khdi niem khd, cung hgc d l hiiu, hgc deldm, hge di chung sdng, hgc sogn CH d l neu ra vdi GV Cdc nhdm khdc filn di khang djnh minh
hdnh Krong h/ vd sou mgt thdi gion nhd't djnh, GV Hudng ddn HS h/ dgt CH Id mdt bien phdp de thu thdp dugc nhtrng y kiln dgi dien cuo cdc nhdm cao vd ed t h i hda chu t h i ngudi hgc, ddng thdi
v l cdc vdn de khd dudi dgng cdc CH GV td chuc chinh Id cdch co bdn hudng ddn phuong phdp thdo ludn cd Idp, nhdm ndy cd t h i gidi ddp CH hgc tgp cho HS - dilu md Thomas Friedman h-ong
cua nhdm kia CH ndo dugc gidi quylt thdo ddng Thi gidi phang dd sdm cdnh bdo: «kTndng dau
GV khdng cdn neu Igi, chi tdp h-ung gidi ddp cdc tien vd quan trgng nhd't md bgn cdn cd trong mgt
CH chua dugc cdc nhdm h-d Idi dting thi gidi hien dgi Id khd ndng «hge phuang phap Ngudi ta thudng ndi hgc dihiiu, hge dihdi, hgc" - nghTa Id thudng xuyen tiip thu vd hgc hoi
hgc dihdnh HS mud'n dgt dugc CH dung, trung, nhung phuang phdp mdi dildm nhung cong viec
tien cao hon nira Id hay, cdn cd kiln thiic v l van cu hay nhung phuong phdp mdi di ldm nhung
de hdi thdng qua qud trlnh hj hgc, h/ dgc; cd suy cdng viee mdi Trong mdt thi gidi nhu vdy Idiong
nghT, bdn khodn, thdc mde v l ndi dung bdi hgc, chi kiin thuc md cd phuang phdp hge hoi cua hie Id phdi tfch cue, chu ddng trong h/ duy Ddng bgn mdi tgo ra gid trj rieng Bdi nhung kiin riiuc thdi, HS edn bilt diin dgt thdc mde bdn khodn bgn ed ngdy hdm nay se trd nen loi thdi nhanh thdnh CH (cd kT ndng sii dyng thdnh thgo filng han bgn tudng nhieu" (Theo NgOr vdn 12 ndng Viet nhu mgt phuong fien gioo filp, mdt cdng cy cao, tgp 1, h- 41) O
hr duy) Tdt cd nhimg dilu ndy cdn su ho frg, hudng (Xem tiip trang 42)
# Tap ehi Giao due s6 2 6 9 (ki i • 9/aoi D
Trang 3ddt, chua vdn dyng kiln thiic vdo thuc t l , chua
phdt huy dugc tfnh tfch cue, sdng tgo cuo HS
- Sinh hogt td chuyen mdn frong cdc frudng TH
ddi khi cdn mang tfnh hinh thiic Viec du gid, frao
ddi kinh nghiem giira GV frong cdc hxrdng cdn gap
khd khdn, frong dd, cd nguyen nhdn ve thdi gian
O mdt so viing miin, do ddi sd'ng cung nhu
CO sd vdt chd't cdn ngheo, so lugng HS d mdt so
Idp cdn ddng (40-65 em) nen rd't khd td chiic ddi
mdi PPDH Dd'i vdi nhihig vung khd khdn, do thiiu
thdng Hn, cd rdo cdn v l ngdn ngir, ddi sd'ng vdt
chd't, Hnh thdn cimg vdi co sd, frong thilt bj DH
thieu thdn, GV khdng yen tdm cdng tdc cOng dnh
hudng khdng nhd d i n chd't lugng DH mdn Todn
3 Gidi phdp di ndng coo chd't lugng DH mdn
Todn a TH hien nay Id: DH tich eye vd ndng cao
ndng luc ddi ngu GV Trong dgy hgc, GV Id nhdn
to' quylt djnh chdt lugng gido dye Vi vgy, cdn tgo
cdc dilu kien v l ddi sdng cho GV de hg tam huyet
vdi nghi, tdn tay vdi cdng viec, yeu thuong hgc frd
vd hr bdi dudng ndng cao ndng luc chuyen mdn
Cdn ndng coo ndng luc cho ddi ngu GV TH v l :
- Mye fieu, ndi dung, yeu cdu cuo chuong frinh d
TH; dgy hgc, kiem tro ddnh gid kit qud hgc tdp
cua HS theo chudn kiln thiic, kT ndng vd phu hgp
voi dd'i tagng HS; - Bilt ddng vien, khuyin khfch
HS thom gio tich cyc cdc hogt ddng hgc tdp; - Xdy
dyng mdi frudng hgc tgp thdn thien (Idp hgc thdn
thien, gid hgc thdn thien, phdng hgc thdn thien,
GV thdn thien, he l>gn thdn thien )
DH mdn Todn cdn phdi gdn vdi cudc song
hdng ngdy cuo cdc em, tgo cho HS hiing thii, say
me fim tdi, sdng tgo; cdn kit hgp giira dgy kiln
thiic vdi dgy ngudi, vdn dyng nhudn nhuyen ta
frue quon (quan sdt), hogt ddng (ldm theo, ciing
ldm) d i n hinh thdnh kiln thiie mdi, thuc hdnh, dp
dyng vdo thue Hen Khi dgy hgc, cdn dgc biet
chu y d i n tang dd'i tugng HS theo kit qud hgc
tdp (gidi, khd, trung binh, ylu), frinh do nhdn
thiic, kTndng tfnh todn (nhanh, chfnh xdc ), khd
ndng diin dgt (frdi chdy, luu loot, ), frinh bdy
bdi gidi (ggn gdng, sgch se ), thdi do hgc top
(chdm chi, cdn thdn, h/ fin ); quan tdm, giup dd
HS cd hgc luc y l u , bdi dudng HS gidi; ddrig
vien, khuyin khfch cdc em khi hgc Todn, td chirc
cdc cdu Igc fsd Todn hgc GV cdn tdng cudng
sii dyng cdng nghe thdng fin trong DH nhung
khdng nen qud Igm dyng gido dn dien tii; chu y
trang bj kT ndng tfnh todn vd phdt friln ndng luc
ta duy todn hgc cho HS
Chuong trinh bdi dudng thudng xuyen cho
GV TH gioi dogn 2011-2015 dd dugc Bd
GD-OT han hdnh theo hudng ndng coo ndng luc cho
ddi ngu GV vdi phuong thiic tu bdi dudng theo cym frvdng Cdn bdi dudng thudng xuyen cho ddi ngu GV, td chirc sinh hogt theo chuySn d l tgi frudng, cym frudng Td chirc DH tfch hgp hogc chuyen mdt sd' mdn hgc thdnh hogt ddng, tgo dilu kien d l HS duoc filp cdn vdi todn hoc mdt cdcfinfie nhdng, hiing thu hon
O cdc frudng su phgm cd ddo tao GV TH, cdn tilp KIC ldm td't hon nira cdng tdc ddo tgo
GV, ddp irng yeu cdu ddi mdi chuong frinh, ngi dung, PPDH mdn Todn trong giai dogn mdi.Q
(1) Th6ng tin BO Giao due \k Dko tao, 2010
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Ho^ng Mai Le "Day hpc phii hgp vdi cSc d6i tugng hoc sinh di thuc hien chuin Id^n thuc ki nSng mdn Todn d tilu hpc Tap chi Gido due, s6' 237/2010
2 Vu Gi^o due tilu hpc Huong din thuc hien mdt s6
vSn ban quy pham phap luat giao due tieu hoc NXB
Gido due Viit Nam, H 2011
SUIVir^ARY
The article notes some Issues relating to Mathematics teaching In Vietnamese primary schools after nearly 10 years of new syllabus and textbooks Implementation
Hirdng dan hoc sinh
(Tiip theo trang 34)
#
Tai lieu tham Idido
1 Trdn Ba Ho^nh DSi mdi phuung phap day hoc,
chuung trinh va sach gido Idioa NXB Dai hoc su
pham, H 2010
2 Su Khi€t Doanh - ChSax Tu Min KI ning t6 chuK,
kl nSng bien hda trong giing day NXB Gido due
Viit Nam, U 2009
3 Ntiiem Ho^n - Luu Dilm Quyen - Phuong Dai Bing
- Hang Chi Vi KI ning phdn h6i, kl ndng luyen tap
NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2009
4 Su Khilt Doanh - Luu Tilu H6a KI nSng giang giai,
k! nang ngu va^n d^ NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2009
5 Robert J.Marzano (Nguyin Hihi Chau dich) Nghf
thuat va Idioa hoc day hoc NXB Gido due Viit Nam,
H.2011
SUIVIMARY
In teaching In general, teaching philology in particular, questioning skills Is necessary not only for teachers but even for students The article mentioned some hints guiding students to put questions themselves In specific situation and time
Tap ehi Giao due so 2 6 9 (ki i »/aom