II HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG XAY DUNG HE THONG BAI TAP REN LUYEN KY NANG TRONO DAY hoC DIA LY TV NniCN DAI Cl/tfNO d TRl/dNO THPT CHLYCN Nguyen Thj Nhir Trang Trudng THPT chuyen tinh Qudng Binh Ngi[.]
Trang 1II HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG
XAY DUNG HE THONG BAI TAP REN LUYEN KY NANG
TRONO DAY hoC DIA LY TV NniCN DAI Cl/tfNO
Nguyen Thj Nhir Trang
Trudng THPT chuyen tinh Qudng Binh
Ngi dung kien thirc
phan Dja ly tu nhien
dai cuang eiia chuang
trinh Dja ly 10 tuang doi truu
tugng, CO kha nang phat trien
tu duy va ren luyen nhieu loai
ky nang cho bgc sinh (HS)
Cac dang bai tap d phan nay
khong chi gay kb6 khan cho
HS ma con cho ca giao vien
(GV) Dieu nay xuat phat tu
nhieu nguyen nhan, trong d6
c6 nguyen nhan chii yeu la
chua xac djnh dugc phuang
phap giai bai tap va HS con
yeu ve cac ky nang Dja Iy
Mat khac doi vdi cac trudng
THPT Chuyen, nhiem vu
quan trgng ciia HS khong chi
la nam kien thuc ma c6n phai
biet van dung kien thu'c de giai
cac dang bai tap nham ciing
CO, md rgng, nang cao kien
thirc va ren luyen ky nang;
dap ung yeu cau ciia cac ky
thi HS gi6i cap dja phuang va
quoc gia Trong moi de thi HS
gi6i mon Dja Iy cac cap deu
c6 ngi dung kien thirc phan
Dja ly tu nhien dai cuang Do
vay, nghien ciru nguyen tac,
quy trinh xay dung va hudng
sir dung he thong bai tap
d phan nay la dieu het sire
quan trgng
Nhdn bai ngay 26/7/2011
1 Khai quat ve bai tap ren luyen ky nang trong day hoc Djaly
Bai tap ren luyen ky nang trong day bgc Dja ly la bai tap yeu cau hgc sinh (HS) van dung nhung kien thirc Dja ly da hgc vao viec giai quyet mgt nhiem
vu tu d6 ciing CO dugc kien thirc Dja ly, phat trien kha nang
tu duy, nang lire hoat dgng doc lap, kha nang iing dung vao thuc tien cugc song ciia HS
Phan D ja ly tir nhien dai cuang ren luyen cho HS nhQng ky nang sau day: KT nang lam viec vdi ban do, luge do; KT nang lam viec vdi so lieu, hinh ve, tranh anh dja ly; - KT nang van dung cac kien thirc cua mon hgc khac vao giai thich cac hien tugng dja li va
kl nang lien he thuc te
2 Xay dung he thong bai tap ren luyen ky nang trong day hoe Dia ly Idp 10 phan ty nhien dai cu'o*ng
De xay dung he thong bai tap sir dung c6 hieu qua trong giang day phan Dja ly tu nhien dai cuang can tuan theo cac nguyen tac sau day; - He thong bai tap phai g6p phan thuc hien muc tieu mon hgc; Bai tap phai dam bao tinh he thong, tinh
da dang; - He thong bai tap phai
dam bao tinh vua sire va phat huy tinh tich cue nhan thuc ciia HS; - He thong bai tap phai phii hgp vdi qua trinh day
Xay dung he thong bai tap theo cac budc sau:
Budc I: Nghiin ciru ly thuyit de xdy dung bdi tap:
Can cir vao ngi dung chuong trinh va sach giao khoa de phan tich ngi dung kien thii'c ciia phan Dja ly tu nhien dai cuang Dua vao muc tieu ciia tung bai hgc cu the, ciia tung phan ma xac djnh cac loai bai tap va ngi dung cac bai tap ren luyen ky nang cbo phii hgp
Budc 2: Xdc dinh cdc logi bdi tap, npi dung vd cdu true cua hi thong bdi tap ren luyen
ky ndng: Tren ca sd xac djnh
muc tieu ve kien thii'c va kT nang ciia tirng bai hgc d budc mgt, can xac djnh cac loai bai tap se sir dung cho tiing bai hgc hay tirng phan cu the Can xay dung bai tap d ca 3 mirc do; dan gian, nang cao va sang tao Dong thdi xac djnh cac bai tap ay nham ren luyen nhung ky nang gi cho HS
Budc 3 Thu thap tu liiu di sogn thdo: Cac thong tin tu lieu
cd the thu thap tu cac sach giao khoa, sach bai tap, cac chuyen
32 • TAP CHi THIET Bl GIAO DUC-so 72-8/2011
Trang 2HirdNG DAN QUAN Li sir DUNG III
de boi dudng HS gioi va cac tai
lieu tham khao khac lien quan
den bai tap Dja ly noi chung
Budc 4 Tien hanh sogn thdo:
Sau khi da c6 day dii tu lieu can
thiet, tien hanh xay dung be thong
bai tap ren luyen ky nang Qua
trinh bien soan c6 the gom nhieu
budc nh6 nhu sau: Soan rieng re
timg bai tap; xay dung cac phuang
an giai bai tap; sap xep cac bai tap
thanh cac loai nhu da xac djnh d
budc 2 theo trinh tu' tu de den kli6,
tu dan gian den sang tao
Budc 5: Hodn thiin hi
thong bdi tap: Sau khi dieu
chinh nhung bai tap ren luyen
ky nang chua hgp li, chiing toi
tien hanh soan thao lai va sap
HS ky nang lien he thue te
va lam viec vdi cac so lieu
De lam dugc bai tap nay HS phai van dung kien thuc ve su chuyen dgng bieu kien ciia Mat Trdi trong viing ngi ehi tuyen
de tinh ngay Mat Trdi len thien dinh tai dja phuong minh, dong thdi phai c6 ky nang lam viec vdi cac so lieu cu the
Vi du 2: Cho bang so lieu
ve nhiet do va lugng mua tai mgt dja diem (xem bang sau):
Hay ve bieu d6 the hien nhiet do va lugng mua tai dja diem tren Cbo biet day la kieu kill hau nao, vi sao?
Bai tap nay ren luyen eho HS
ky nang bieu do va lam viec vdi
bang so lieu thong ke HS dua tren so lieu ve nhiet do va lugng mua de nhan xet dac diem khi hau va chi ra dja diem nay thuoc kieu khi hau nao
Vi du 3.' Cho luge do sau:
a Cbo biet day la luge do the hien khi hau ciia thang nao, miia nao, giai thich vi sao?
b Xac djnh nhung viing c6 mua trong thdi gian d6
Bai tap nay ren luyen cbo
HS ky nang lam viec vdi luge
do De lam dugc bai tap nay
HS phai van dung kien tbirc ve khi ap de xac djnh luge do the hien khi hau ciia miia nao va kien thuc ve dac diem cua tirng kieu khi hau de xac djnh nhung
Thang
Nhiet do
(°C) '
Luang
mua
(mm)
1
9
10
11
II
12
III
13
10
IV
15
9
V
19
14
VI
21
30
VII
23
40
VIII
20
30
IX
17
20
X
15
15
XI
12
15
XII
11
10
xep chung tao thanh mgt he
thong bai tap hoan chinh, dam
bao su can doi ve sd lugng bai
tap theo dan vj kien thuc va
can doi giua cac loai bai tap
dan gian, nang cao va sang tao
Sau day la mgt so vi du ve
bai tap ren luyen ky nang trong
day hgc Dja ly Idp 10 phan tu
nhien dai cuang
Vi du 1.' Hay tinh ngay Mat
Trdi len thien dinh tai thanh
pho Dong Hdi, tinh Quang
Binh(17«28)
Bai tap nay ren luyen cho
TAP CHi THI^T Bj GIAO D^C • SO 72 - 8/2011 • 3 3
Trang 3II HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG
vung e6 mua tren luge do
3 Djnh hudng sit dung he
thong bai tap
Cac dang bai tap tren dugc
su dung trong khau ciing co, be
thong b6a kien tbirc, HS luyen
tap d nha va boi dudng HS gioi
Vi du ve djnh hudng sii'
dung cac bai tap tren
* Bai tap d vi du 1: Bai tap
nay su dung trong khau eiing
CO kien thii'c ve hien tugng
chuyen dgng bieu kien ciia Mat
Trdi trong viing ngi chi tuyen,
dong thdi trong boi dudng HS
gioi chuan bj cho cac ky tbi HS
gi6i cac cap
Hudng dan; + Thdi gian
Mat Trdi di chuyen bieu kien
tu xich dao (0°) len ehi tuyen
bae (23°27') bet 93 ngay, di
chuyen dugc mgt cung 23''27
Vay khi di chuyen tu xich
dao len 17"28' het 68 ngay; +
Ngay Mat Trdi len thien dinh
tai Dong Hdi lan thii' nhat la:
21/3+ 68 (ngay): 29/5
+ Ngay Mat Trdi len thien dinh tai D6ng Hdi lan thu bai la 23/9 - 68 (ngay): 15/7
* Bai tap d vi du 2: Bai tap
nay sir dung trong phan khai quat va nang cao kien thirc ve idii bau cbo HS, c6 the dung de
HS luyen tap d nha va trong boi dudng HS gi6i
Hu'dng dan; + Ve bieu do:
Bieu do cot ket hgp vdi dudng
(Cot the hien cbo lugng mua
va dudng the hien cbo nhiet do); + Xac djnh kieu khi hau;
Dja Trung Hai (ban cau Bac); + Giai thich: nhiet do dao dgng tir 10°C - 20''C; nhiet do cao
d cac thang miia ha, miia dong c6 nhiet do xuong thap ban;
bien do nhiet cac miia c6 sir chenh lech kha ro nhung khong qua Idn Lugng mua tap trung vao cac thang cuoi nam den cac thang dau nam (miia dong
va miia xuan), miia ha mua it, lugng mua trung binh nam vao khoang 500-1000mm
* Bai tap d vi du 3: Bai tap
nay su dung trong khau ciing co
va nang cao kien thuc ve cac kieu khi bau, co the cbo HS tu luyen tap va bdi dudng cho HS gioi Hudng dan:
+ Luge do thang 7, miia dong ciia Nam ban cau Ve miia ddng, luc dja toa nhiet nhanh ban bien va dai duang, lam binh thanh khi ap eao tren luc dja;
+ Cac viing c6 mua; Khu vuc khi hau Dja Trung Hai, khu vuc on ddi hai duang, khu vuc xich dao
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Bo Giao due va Dao tao, Sdch gido khoa Dia li 10, NXB Giao due,
Ha Npi, 2006
2 Le Cong Triem, Nguyen Dire
Vu, Phuang phdp nghien ciru khoa hoc gido due, NXB Dai hoc sur
pham HaNoi, 2004
3 L e Thong, Nguyen Dire Vu,
N g u y e n M i n h Tue, Boi duang HS
gioi Dia ly, N X B Giao due, 2006
l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i l i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l M I I I
DOI MOI THIET KE BiU GIANG (Tiip theo trang 21)
GV dung tranh quy trinh kT
thuat de he thong lai cac thao
tac hoac luu y HS mgt so
thao tac kh6 Tranh quy trinh
nay c6 the de treo tren bang
trong suot qua trinh HS thuc
hanh Nhac nhd HS
+ GV chi djnh HS (nh6m
HS) trung bay san pham theo
cac vj tri da du kien trudc, neu
ggi y hoac dua ra nhung tieu
chi danh gia san pham Tao
dieu kien cho HS dugc tham gia nhan xet, danh gia cae san pham, tren ca sd y kien nhan xet cua HS; GV nhan xet, danh gia san pham ciia tiing em, tung nhom (theo tieu chi da dua ra)
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Bg Giao due va Dao Tao
Du an phat trien giao vien tieu
hgc, Thii cong, Ki thudt vd phuang phdp dgy hgc Thu cong,
Kithudt,'NXB GD, HaNoi, 2007
3 Bg Giao due va Dao tao,
Vu Thj San (cbii nhiem de tai),
Quan diim ngudi hgc Id chii thi tich circ cua qud trinh hgc tap vd nhiing yeu cdu su phgm doi vdi ngudi gido vien (de tai nghien
cilia klioa hgc, 2005
3 Dao Quang Trung,
Phuang phdp dgy hgc Thu cong, KT thudt, NXB DHSP, Ha
Noi, 2009
34 • TAP CHl THIET Bl GIAO DUC - SO 72 - 8/2011