HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG II sur DUNG HE THONG BAN DO GlAO KHOA BANG PHUdNG Tl|N KY THUAT Hl|N DM TRONG DAY HOC LICH Sif 1 Mot so nguyen tac can tuan thu khi sir dung he thong ban do giao khoa bang[.]
Trang 1HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG II
sur DUNG HE THONG BAN DO GlAO KHOA
BANG PHUdNG Tl|N KY THUAT H l | N DM
TRONG DAY HOC LICH Sif
1 Mot so nguyen tac can
tuan thu khi sir dung he
thong ban do giao khoa bang
phuong tien ky thuat hien dai
trong day hoc Ijch sir
a Su dung he thong ban
d6 giao khoa (HTBDGK) phdi
ddp img yiu cdu, muc tiiu ddo
tgo Trong qua trinh cho hgc
sinh (HS) quan sat ban do phai
lam noi rd cac doi tugng can
quan sat, dieu khien tri giac
va hudng dan tu duy ciia HS
Ben canh cung cap ngi dung
kien thiic ca ban giao vien
(GV) can md rgng cung cap
them ngu6n thong tin mdi lien
quan mat thiet den bai hgc, dat
ra nhung tinh hudng c6 van de
bugc ngudi hgc phai dgng nao
de tao nen sir van dgng tich cue
ben trong, dong thdi trong viec
sir dung ban do giao khoa, GV
phai biet khai thac, long ghep
ngi dung kien thirc the hien ban
chat tiem an dang sau cac con
so, sir kien Qua dd HS tu biet
sir den hieu sir, kheu ggi hirng
thil, danh thirc niem khat khao
tri thuc va tu trong cac em c6
nhu cau tim t6i, dge, tra cuu,
thao luan, phat bieu y kien de
hieu sau sac van de
b Su dung HTBDGK phdi
ddm bdo tinh hgp li, khoa hgc
Hieu qua su dung ban do giao khoa bang phuang tien ky thuat hien dai phu thuoc vao phuang phap, bien phap cua GV trong qua trinh day hgc GV Idiong chl nam vung ngi dung tri thirc can truyen dat ma con phai van dung dua vao ban do nhu the nao dam bao hgp II, phii hgp vdi trinh do va nang luc nhan thirc ciia HS Vi vay, trong qua trinh sir dung GV phai biet chat Igc cac dan vi kien thuc ca ban, trgng tam de truyen thu eho
HS
c Ddm bdo nhiing hieu biet
vi bdn dd Muon sir dung ban
do giao khoa bang phuang tien
ky thuat hien dai thi trudc bet phai c6 nhQng hieu biet ve ban
do, nhu cac ki hieu tren ban do, mau sac, each bo tri cua ban do, chu thich ban do Bdi vi, xet cho ciing su dung HTBDGK bang phuang tien ky thuat hien dai ve ca ban cung can phai dam bao nhung yeu cau giong nhu sir dung ban d6 "chet", chi khac la sir dung tren may tinh,
va c6 irng dung nhung thanh tuu cong nghe thong tin de lam
cu the h6a, sinh dgng ban d6
"chet"
d Ddm bdo nhimg hiiu biit
ca bdn ve cong nghi thong tin
Nguyen Tlian Anh
Trudng DHSP - DH Hue
He thong ban do dugc thiet ke bang phuang tien ky thuat hien dai bao gid cung chi dugc sir dung tren may tinh mdi mang lai hieu qua, ban do lai dugc xu
ly tren phan mem ACD See va thiet ke tren Power Point Vl vay, muon sir dung he thong ban do thi phai biet su' dung thanh thao phan mem ACD See, Power Point Mat khac, phai c6 nhung hieu biet nhat djnh ve may tinh, PowerPoint
de xu li cac sir co c6 the xay
ra ngoai y muon chii quan ciia ngu'di sir dung
2 Bien phap su* dung HTBDGK bang phuong tien
ky thuat hien dai trong day hoc Ijch sir
2.1 Ddi vdi bdi hgc lich su npi khod
Thu nhdt: Sir dung bdn do kit hgp vdi cdc phuong phdp dgy hgc khdc GV c6 the ket
hgp su dung ban do vdi cac phuang phap day hgc khac nhu: Dat cau hoi nhan thuc,
su dung tai lieu thanh van de tudng thuat, mieu ta, hoac ket hgp vdi tranh anh ljch sir Thong qua d6 hudng dan HS quan sat tren ban do Qua trinh
su pham ciia GV phai theo mgt logic chat che lam noi ro ngi
TAP CHi THI^T Bl GIAO DUC - so 72 • 8/2011 • 29
Trang 2II HirdNG DAN QUAN U, suf DUNG
dung bai hgc, cu the nhu sau:
* Sir dung ban d6 ket hgp
vdi cau h6i nhan thiic: can cu
vao tinh chat, dae diem ciia cae
kien thuc lich sir, chiing ta c6
the dat cac loai cau hoi sau:
- Cau boi ve su phat sinh su
kien, hien tugng lieh sii' ma GV
se trinh bay tren ban do nhu cau
hoi: "Quan sdt bdn do em hdy
neu rd Ngo Quyin dd Igi dung
dia hinh nhu thi ndo d vung cua
song Bgch Ddng di ddnh thdng
qudn Nam Hdn? " Doi vdi loai
cau h6i nay thudng xuat hien
vao dau bai giang, bdi bat ky
mgt sir kien nao cung deu xuat
hien trong mgt boi canh ljch su
nhat dinh, deu c6 nguyen nhan
phat sinh ciia n6 Tu d6, doi
h6i cac em khi xem xet su kien
lich su phai dat trong mgt hoan
canh lich sir, tim nguyen nhan
nay sinh ra sir kien
Cau hoi ve qua trinh dien
bien va phat trien ciia su kien
lich su Sir ket hgp giua ban do
va dang cau hoi nay thi GV dan
dat HS tim hieu ve dien bien
cac su kien Vi du nhu sau khi
n6i ve boi canh Idiang chien
ch6ngT6ng(1075 -1077), GV
dat cau h6i; "Em hdy cho biit
khdng chiin chong Tong chia
thdnh mdy giai dogn, ddc diim
cua moi giai dogn? "
Ngoai ra, c6n c6 loai cau
hoi neu len dac trung, ban chat
ciia sir kien, ket qua y nghTa,
bai hgc kinh nghiem ljch su
* Ket hgp sir dung ban do
vdi cac doan tudng thuat, mieu
ta ve cac tran danh Idn hay cac
chien dich lich sir tieu bieu se
g6p phan lam n6i bat ngi dung trgng tam ciia bai hgc lich sir can truydn dat cho HS Vi cac doan tudng thuat, mieu ta thudng chua dung ben trong nd nhung kiln thuc lich sir phong phii, da dang Vi du, khi day ve chien thang Bach Dang (938)
sau khi noi qua ve boi canh dan tdi tran chien, GV can m6 ta ve
vj tri song, riing tu d6 lam ro
ke saeh ciia Ngo Quyen va tiep theo la tudng thuat tran chien
* Sir dung HTBDGK bSng phuang tien ky thuat hien dai ket hgp vdi nien bieu lich sii',
se c6 tac dung giiip HS de dang khai thac nhung tri thu'c lich sir c6 tu ban do Thong qua ban do
de lam noi bat, sang to nhung dan vi kien thuc tu nien bieu
Doi vdi boat dgng nay, GV c6 the su dung ban do trudc de trinh chieu va giup HS lam ro dien bien cua cac chien dich lich sir hay cac tran danh ldn
Sau d6, dung nien bieu sir kien
ve cac chien dich hay cac tran danh Idn d6 de he thong h6a lai nhOng kien thuc ca ban HS can nam vung Lam nhu vay, HS viia c6 the nam bat mgt each true quan, sinh dgng ngi dung ljch sil' tu ban do, dong thdi c6 the khai quat h6a nhung kien thuc ca ban can ITnh hgi tu bai bgc Su ket hgp giua ban do
va nien bieu ljch sir neu thuc bien tot se c6 tac dung kb6ng nh6 trong viec phat huy toi da tinh tich cue, chii dgng ciia HS trong cac gid hgc lich sir
* Ket hgp ban d6 vdi tai lieu van hgc: GV dua vao bai
giang k6t hgp vdi thuyet trinh tren ban do lam cbo bai hgc them phong phii sinh dgng Vi nhu khi day ve khang chien chong Tong (1075-1077) GV ket hgp dua vao bai giang bai tha "Nam quoc son ha" hay doi vdi luge do tran chien Nggc Hoi - Dong Da GV c6 the long ghep ldi du ciia Quang Trung;
"Ddnh cho di ddi tdc; Ddnh cho de den rdng; Ddnh cho no chich ludn bdt phdn; Ddnh cho
no phiin gidp bdt hodn; Ddnh cho su tri Nam quoc anh hung chi hint chu "
Ngoai ra, chiing ta c6n sir dung ban do ket hgp vdi tranh anh ljch sir, phim tu lieu lam bai hgc ljch sir sinh dgng hap dan bdi tranh anh va cac doan phim lich sir la nhung nguon
tu lieu het sire quy gia, phan anh mdt each chan thuc nhat, khai quat nhat bien thuc ljch
su khach quan da dien ra trong qua khir, dung vdi nhung gi
ma ban than sir kien lich sir da dien ra
Thu hai: Su dung bdn do theo hudng md phdt huy ndng lire tri tui cua HS Viec sir
dung ban do trong day hgc ljch sir ben canh van de can phai cu the h6a nhung van de ca ban tbi can di sau vao ban chat sir kien Qua ban d6 GV dua them vao bai giang nhung kien tbiic mdi, khong dugc de cap den trong sach giao khoa nhung c6 lien quan mat thiet vdi bai bgc Dong thdi, dat ra nhung cau h6i nhan thuc dan dat ngudi hgc di tim tri thirc, ren luyen
uO • TAP CHi THIET Bl GIAO DUC - so 72 - 8/2011
Trang 3HirdNG DAN QUAN Li suf DUNG II
cho HS kha nang quan sat, dc
phan tich, tong hgp va riit ra
ket luan ljch su
Thu ba: Su dung bdn do
theo hudng Idm tot cong tdc
gido due tu tudng, tinh cdm
Ben canh sir dung ban do de
phat huy nang lire nhan tbirc,
phat trien tu duy mgt each
dge lap, ren luyen cho HS kha
nang tong quat, phan tich tdng
hgp, la gdp phan Idn trong
giao due tu tudng, tinh cam
dao dire cho HS
Vi du: Khi dung luge do day
ve khdi nghTa Hai Ba Trung, se
giup HS thay dugc tinh than
chien dau bat khuat cua phu
nQ Viet Nam ndi rieng, dan tgc
ta noi chung Tu d6, c6 the rut
ra ket luan; Bao ve to qu6c la
nhiem vu thieng lieng ciia tat
ca mgi ngudi khong phan biet
nam, nu, gia, tre
2.2 Doi vdi hogt dpng
ngogikhod
Hoat dgng ngoai khoa lich
sir rat phong phii va da dang,
ngi dung ciia boat dgng nay
do nhiem vu ciia nha trudng
phd thong quy dinh Mgt so
ngi dung ciia boat dgng ngoai
kh6a dugc thuc bien rat thuan
lgi thong qua viec sir dung
HTBDGK bang phuang tien
ky thuat hien dai Dieu nay
dugc the hien nhu sau;
* Su dung ban dd de tim hieu
cac tran danh d dia phuang,
giup HS hieu ro truySn thong
dau tranh each mang cua quan
va dan dia phuang minh dang
sinh song va bgc tap trong qua
khir Tir d6, giao due HS tinh
yeu que huang dat nudc, biet tran trgng, giQ gin va phat huy truyen thong each mang bao biing cua dia phuang trong thdi ki xay dung dat nudc tien len chu nghTa xa hgi Mat khac, tim bieu cac tran danh d dia phuang
Khi su dung HTBDGK de day hgc phan nay, GV can phai nam vung ve lich su dja phuang, hieu va nam chinh xac cac sir kien ljch su da dien
ra d dja phuang de tu d6 dua vao bai giang nhQng kien thirc chinh xac, khoa hgc, dung vdi nhQng gi tung dien ra Mat khac, GV yeu cau HS tim hieu trudc cac tran danh tieu bieu d dia phuong thong qua sach bao, tai lieu lich sii d dia phuang hay cac vj lao thanh each mang true tiep tham gia vao cac tran danh ldn Muc dich ciia viec lam nay la giup
HS c6 dugc nhung hieu biet nhat dinh ve cac tran danh Idn
da tung dien ra d dia phuang, lam tien de ca sd de bgc tap hoat dgng ngoai khoa
* Sir dung ban do trong boat dgng ngoai khoa tham quan lich sir: Viec to chuc cho HS THPT nhung chuyen tham quan lich sir xa la rat ton kem va tren thuc te cac trudng THPT chua c6 kha nang Tuy nhien, chung ta c6 the to chirc cho cac em nhung chuyen tham quan lich sir khong kem phan hap dan ngay tren man hinh Projecter Tu ban do Viet Nam chiing ta c6 the tao nhQng slide sinh dgng gidi thieu ve nhQng
dja danh Ijch sir, nhung den dai, lang mieu, cae di san van boa Vi du nhu; Tham quan Ijch sir vdi ehii de ve tham que Bac: GV diing ban d6 Viet Nam, cbo xuat bien vj tri tinh Nghe An, lien ket vdi ban do
nho "Bdn do hdnh chinh tinh
Nghe An " qua d6 danh dau vj
tri lang Hoang Trii va Lang Sen que Bac Ket hgp vdi cac tranh anh va doan phim tu lieu
de thuyet minh, qua d6 HS c6 the hinh dung cu the di tich que huang Bac Ho
* Su dung ban do trong tr6 chai Ijch sir: Trong cac gid boat dgng ngoai khoa GV cd the thiet ke cac tr6 chai ljch sir gan lien vdi ban do Chang ban tr6 choi 6 chu, hoac tren mgt ban do cam GV cho xuat hien ten cac dja danh eung mgt s6 du kien c6 lien quan
de h6i su kien lich sii', nhan vat lich sir
Tai iieu tham khao
1 Lam Quang D6c, Bdn dd
gido khoa, NXB DH Quoc gia
HN,HaNgi, 1997
2 Phan Nggc Lien, Trjnh Dinh Tiing, Nguyen Thj Coi,
Phuang phdp dgy hgc lich su, tdpl,2, NXB DHSP, Ha Ngi,
2002
3 Phan Nggc Lien, Trjnh Dinh Tiing, Nguyen ST Que Le Dinh Cuang, Dao Huu Hau,
Npi dung vd phuang phdp sir dung bdn do gido khoa lich su treo tudng, tap I, NXB Giao
due Ha Ngi, 1996
TAP CHi THI^T Bj GIAO Dye - so 72 - 8/2011 • 31