Q U Y T R I N H X A Y D U N G B A I T A P K I E M T R A , D A N H G I A M O N K H O A H O C L O P 4 • Bai tap (BT) Id mdt trong nhung cdng cu ddnh gid (DG) quan trong, duqc hau het gido vien (GV) tieu[.]
Trang 1Q U Y T R I N H X A Y D U N G B A I T A P K I E M T R A , D A N H G I A
M O N K H O A H O C L O P 4
•
Bai tap (BT) Id mdt trong nhung cdng cu ddnh
gid (DG) quan trong, duqc hau het gido vien
(GV) tieu hoc su dung trong DG thudng
xuyen cdc mdn hoc d tieu hoc Mdn Khoa hgc a
tieu hoc cung cap cho hoc sinh (HS) nhung kien
thuc khd todn dien ve tu nhien vd sue khde con
ngudi Viec xdy dung BT mdt each cd he thdng vd
khoa hoc de kiem tra, ddnh gid (KT, DG) ket qua
hoc tap mdn Khoa hgc ciia HS Id rdt cdn thiet Tuy
nhien, xdy dung BT KT, DG cdn tudn thii quy trinh
ndo Id vdn de cdn it duqc de cap trong cdc cdng
trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc Vi vdy, bdi viet nay
gidi thieu quy trinh xdy dung BT KT, DG vd minh
hoa qua vi du cu the vdi mdn Khoa hgc lap 4
1 Xdc djnh muc tieu, ndi dung KT, DG
- Xdc dinh myc tieu KT, DC: Ddi vdi viec xdy
dyng he thdng BT, muc tieu chu yeu Id de GV
ndm bdt duqc muc dd ndm vung kien thuc, ki
ndng, thdi dd cua HS sau khi hoc xong bdi hoc,
tu dd cd hudng dieu chinh phuang phap day vd
hoc cho phu hqp Ben canh dd, ket qua KT, DG
thdng qua he thdng BT cung cd tdc dung ddng
vien, khich le tinh than hoc tap ciia HS
- Xdc dinh ndi dung KT, DG: Ndi dung KT,
DG duqc xdc djnh dya tren muc tieu, chudn kien
thuc, k? ndng vd ndi dung ciia bdi hoc Myc tieu
cua bdi hoc Id trinh dd chudn tdi thieu md HS
cdn dat duqc Tuy nhien, do trong mdt lap hoc,
HS thudng cd ndng lyc khdc nhau nen khi xdc
djnh myc tieu bdi hoc, cdn xdc dinh duqc myc
tieu co ban (ddnh cho HS yeu, trung binh) vd
myc tieu phat then (ddnh cho HS khd, gidi)
Vidy: Bai 65: Quan he thuc an trong tu nhien
(Khoa hoc 4, tr 130), myc tieu KT, DG: DG muc
dd ndm vung kien thuc, kT ndng vd thdi dd ciia
HS sau bdi hoc Ndi dung KT, DG dya tren myc
tieu vd ndi dung ciia bdi hoc: - Myc tieu bai
hgc: + Yeu cdu ca bdn: sau khi hoc xong, HS cd
the: ve kien thuc neu duqc mdi quan he giua
yeu td vd sinh vd huu sinh trong ty nhien; ve kT
nang: ve vd trinh bay duqc sa dd mdi quan he
Tap chi Giao due so 262 (k a • 5/201n
O NGUYEN TH| DUYEN*
sinh vdt ndy Id thuc dn ciia sinh vdt kia; ve thai
do: co y thuc cung cap day dii cdc thiic an cho
cdy trong, vdt nudi; cd y thuc diet tru nhung sinh vdt gay hai, chdm sdc, bdo ve nhung sinh vdt cd ich cho mua mang vd con ngudi; + Yeu
cdu phdt trien: sau khi hoc xong, ve kien thuc:
HS cd the neu duqc mdi quan he ve thiic dn ciia
mdt sd lodi sinh vdt ngodi SGK; ve kTnang: van
dyng kien thiic dd hoc vdo gidi thich mdt sd tinh
hudng trong thyc te cudc sdng; - Ngi dung bai
hgc: + Mdi quan he giua yeu td vd sinh vd yeu
td huu sinh; + Sa do mdi quan he thiic dn giua cdc sinh vdt
2 Lap ke hoach xdy dyng BT Dya vdo myc tieu, ndi dung ciia bdi hoc, GV
cd the dua ra cdc dang BT, sd luang BT phu hqp vdi rung myc tieu, ndi dung ciia bdi, ddng thdi ddm bdo dii myc tieu, ndi dung cdn DG, phu hqp vdi trinh dd HS, tranh trudng hqp thua hodc thieu BT cdn do luang ddi vdi moi myc tieu De
ddm bdo yeu cdu tren, cd the su dyng bang ma
tran hai chieu: mdt chieu bieu thi cdc ndi dung
DG (ve kien thiic: DG cdc miic dd biet, hieu, dp dyng; ve kT ndng; ve thdi dd), mdt chieu bieu thi cdc ndi dung bdi hoc cdn DG
Vi dy: Trong bdi «Quan he thuc an trong tu nhien", vdi cdc myc tieu vd ndi dung KT, DG dd
xdc djnh d tren, GV cd the xdy dyng duqc bdng
ma trdn hai chieu nhu sau (xem bdng)
^"^^^ Phan bo Kien thirc
cau hoi Noi dung kiem t r a ^ \ Biet Hieu Ap dung
KT nang Thai dp Moi quan he giua yeu
to vo sinh va yeu to 1 1 1 1 huu sinh
Sd do moi quan he
sinh vat
* Tnrong Dai hoc sir pham Ha Noi 2
Trang 23 Soqn thdo BT
Co the cdn cu vdo ndi dung chuong trinh mdn
Khoa hoc lap 4 de phdn chia ndi dung kien thuc,
kT ndng thdnh cdc dgng bdi cy the, tren ca sd
do dua ra each xdy dyng cho tung dang bdi, vi
vdy cd the phdn chia thdnh cdc nhdm BT cd ndi
dung sau:
3.1 BT ve kien thuc, bao gom:
a) Nhom BT co ngi dung ve cac khai niem:
(cd the xdy dyng BT de DG cdc muc dd biet, hieu
khdi niem) Do vdy, cd the chia BT d nhdm nay
thdnh cdc dang sau: - BT DG muc dd biet: dua ra
mdt phdt bieu, yeu cdu HS dien tu cdn thieu vdo
phdt bieu dd hodc lya chon khdi niem tuong ung
vdi phdt bieu dd; - BT DG muc dd hieu: dua ra
mdt sa dd the hien khdi niem, yeu cdu HS hoan
thdnh sa dd dd
b) Nhom BT ve sy kien, chi tiet (cd the DG HS
d muc dd biet, hieu, van dyng): - BT d muc dd
biet: de DG muc dd nay, cd the xdy dyng BT
yeu cdu HS tim ten cdc chi tiet, sy kien tuang
ung vdi ndi dung cdc chi tiet, sy kien dd; - BT d
muc dd hieu: yeu cdu HS phdi gidi thich, tim
hieu y nghTa cua cdc sy kien, chi tiet trong bdi
hoc; - BT van dyng: yeu cdu HS lay vi dy tuang
ty vdi cdc sy kien, chi tiet trong bdi hoc hodc
dua ra tinh hudng de HS van dyng sy kien, chi
tiet do vdo gidi thich
c) Nhom BT ve nguyen tdc (cd the xdy dyng
cdc BT DG d muc dd biet, hieu, van dyng): - BT d
muc dd biet: dua ra mdt phdt bieu, yeu cdu HS
dien tu cdn thieu vdo phdt bieu hodc lya chon
phuong dn dung phu hap vdi phdt bieu dd; - BT
d muc dd hieu: yeu cdu HS gidi thich y nghTa
cua cdc nguyen tdc; - BT van dyng: dua ra mdt
tinh hudng, yeu cdu HS lya chon phuong dn gidi
quyet dung hodc gidi thich tinh hudng dd
d) Nhom BT ve phuang phap, tien trinh (cd
the DG cdc muc dd biet, hieu): - BT d muc dd
biet: HS phdi ndm duqc phuang phap, each thuc
vd quy trinh thyc hien mdt vdn de Cd the xdy
dyng BT theo hudng yeu cdu HS sdp xep cdc
each thuc, cdng viec theo mdt trat ty nhdt dinh;
- BT d muc dd hieu: dua ra phuang phap, each
thuc, quy trinh thyc hien, yeu cdu HS neu ket qua,
dy doan ket qua Hodc cd the xdy dyng BT theo
hudng sa dd hda cdc phuang phap, tien trinh vd
yeu cdu HS hoan thdnh sa dd dd
3.2 BT ve kT nang gom cdc BT DG cdc kT
ndng so sanh, phdn loai, nhdn biet, gidi thich,
dieu tra, van dyng: - BT so sanh: dua ra hai ddi
tuang cy the, yeu cdu HS so sanh theo cdc tieu chi ndo dd; - BT nhdn biet, phdn loai: dua ra cdc tieu chi, yeu cdu HS sdp xep cdc ddi tuang vdo cdc nhdm theo tieu chi dd cho hodc yeu cdu HS nhdn biet ddi tugng theo tieu chi dd cho; - BT dieu tra: dua ra ndi dung dieu tra, yeu cdu HS tim hieu thyc te dia phuang, neu ket qua, nguyen nhdn (neu cd); - BT gidi thich: dua ra mdt tinh hudng, mdt ket qua, yeu cdu HS gidi thich li do;
- BT van dyng: dua ra mdt tinh hudng trong thyc
re, yeu cdu HS neu each gidi quyet hodc gidi thich ket qua cua tinh hudng dd
3.3 BT ve thai do (chu yeu de tham dd thdi
do cua HS sau khi hoc xong bdi hoc) Cd the xdy dyng BT theo hudng: dua ra cdc y kien de HS bay
td suy nghT cua minh bdng each chon: ddng tinh/ khong ddng tinh, tan fhdnh/khdng tan thdnh,
Vi dy: dya tren ke hoach, cdc phuang phap
soqn thdo ddi vdi tung dang BT, cd the tien hanh
soqn thdo cdc BT cho bdi 65: «Quan he thuc an
trong ty nhien"
nhu sau:
Bai 1 Ddnh
mui ten vd dien ten cdc chdt cdn thieu vdo sa do sau de the hien dugc cdc «thuc an" cua cdy rau cdi vd cdc chdt dinh dudng dugc tao ra de nudi cdy:
Bai 2 Ddnh ddu x vdo[]trudc cdu trd ldi
dung nhdt:
Trong mdt vudn ngd cd nhieu cdy cd vd cdc con vdt nhd (chau chau, ech, sdu) Mdt ngudi ndng ddn tha mdt con bd vdo vudn ngd dd Con bd se dn thuc an gi?: a) QChdt khodng, khi ede-bo-nic, dnh sdng, nude; b)[]Cdy ngd
vd cd; c) []Cdc con vdt nhd
Bai 3 Dien them cdc tu cdn thieu vdo cho trong:
(1) cd khd ndng su dyng dnh sdng (2)
de tong hqp cdc chdt (3) (chdt bdt dudng, chdt dam) tu cdc chdt (4) (khi ede-bo-nic, nude, chdt khodng)
Bai 4 Mdt bde ndng ddn trong mdt vudn rau
cdi Gdn day, bde thdy trong vudn rau xudt hien nhieu sdu vd chim sdu, cdn rau cdi thi cd nhieu cdy bj rdch Id Bde khong hieu chuyen gi dd xdy
ra, em hay giup bde ndng ddn tim hieu nguyen Tap chi Giao due so 262 (ki 2.5/201 n
Trang 3nhan va ve sa do mdi quan he ve thuc an giua
rau cai, sau, chim sau: Rau cai Sau
Chim sau Bai 5 Danh ddu + vdo [ ] trudc phdt bieu md
em ddng y, ddu - vdo trudc phdt bieu md em
khong dong y: a) []Cdn cung cap day du cdc
thuc dn cho cdy de cdy cd the tao ra chdt dinh
dudng nudi cdy; b) QChi cdn de cdy ngodi dnh
sdng, cdy se tu tong hqp nen cdc chdt dinh dudng
de nudi cdy; c) []Cdn thudng xuyen bdt sdu, chau
chau vd cdc con vdt gay hai cho cdy
4 Sdp xep BT
Cdc BT can duqc sdp xep theo trat tu tu d i
den khd hodc theo logic cua ndi dung bdi hoc
Vi dy: trong bai 65, de thudn tien khi cung cd
kien thuc, kTndng cua bdi hoc cho HS, cd the sdp
xep theo trinh tu cua ndi dung bdi hoc trong SGK
Cdc BT dd duqc xdy dung d myc 3 duqc giu
nguyen trinh ty nhu tren vi dd ddm bdo logic cua
bdi hoc: di tu cy the den khdi quat, sau dd van
dyng vdo tinh hudng cy the
5 Xdy dyng dap dn
Sau khi soqn thdo cdu hdi, cdn xdy dyng dap
dn chi tiet, nhdm myc dich: - Chi ra duqc ket qua
dung cho moi cdu hdi Ddi vdi nhung BT md, can
phdi chi ra het cdc cdu trd ldi duqc coi Id dung
Ddi vdi nhung BT md dy doan cdn cdu trd ldi
dung nua thi phdi ghi vdo dap dn ldi chi dan
nhung cdu trd ldi nhu the ndo duqc coi Id dung
nhdt; - Hudng dan cho diem rung cdu hdi; - Cdn
DG duqc hudng lya chon dap dn ciia HS
Vi dy: Vdi he thdng BT dd xdy dyng trong
myc 4, cd the dua ra dap dn: Bai 1 (2 diem):
1 Anh sdng (0,5 diem); 2 ^
Khi cdc-bo-nic (0,5 diem); c d i • /
3 Chdt khodng (0,5 diem); chim sau *
4 Chdt bdt dudng (0,5
diem) Chu y: ddnh mui ten sai, moi y tru 0,25
diem; khong nhdt thiet phdi dien dung thii ty
nhung phdi ddm bdo cdu trd ldi dung vdi chieu
mui ten tuang ung; Bai 2 (2 diem): y 2; Bai 3 (2
diem): 1 Thyc vdt (0,5 diem); 2 Mat trdi (0,5
diem); 3 Huu ca (0,5 diem); 4 Vd ca (0,5 diem);
Bai 4 (2 diem): Nguyen nhdn: Rau cdi bi sdu dn,
chim sdu dn sdu (1 diem); Ve sa do (1 diem):
Bai 5(2 diem): y 1; y 3: ddu + (1 diem); y 2:
ddu - (1 diem)
Bdng viec dp dyng quy trinh neu tren, GV cd the ty xdy dyng duqc cdc BT tuang ty, phu hqp vdi ddi tuang HS, vdi tinh hinh thyc tien d dja phuang vd phu hqp vdi myc dich DG Qua dd,
GV cd the kiem tra, DG khach quan han miic dd dat duqc ve kien thuc, kT ndng, thdi dd cua HS Ben canh dd, viec xdy dyng BT theo mdt quy trinh chdt che giiip GV soqn thdo duqc nhung BT cd chdt luang, cd the DG diing, du, todn dien HS, gdp phdn ddng vien, khich le HS trong qua trinh hoc tap vd ndng cao chdt luang gido dye • Tai lieu tham khao
1 Vu Thi Phuong Anh - Hoang Thj Tuyet Danh gia
ket qua hoc tap & tieu hoc (tai lieu boi duang giao vien) NXB Gido due, TP H6 Chi Minh, 2006
2 Khoa hoc 4 NXB Gido due, H 2006
3 Bai tap Khoa hoc 4 NXB Gido due, H 2009
4 Lam Quang Thiep Trac nghiem va ung dung NXB
Khoa hgc vd ki thudt, H 2008
5 Nguyen Thi Hanh Mot so van de ve ddi mdi danh
gia ket qua hoc tap mdn Tieng Viet or tieu hoc NXB
Gido due, H2003
6 Nguyen Thi Than (chu bien) - Nguyen Thuang Giao
- Dao Thi Hong - Nguyen Thj Hudng - Nguyen Tuyet Nga Giao trinh phuong phap day hoc cac mdn hoc
ve tu nhien va xa hdi NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2009
7 Tran Thi Tuyet Oanh Danh gia va do luang ket
qua hoc tap NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2007
P h a n l o a i p h i r o n g t i e n
(Tiep theo trang 58)
day - hoc, tuyet nhien khong the Idm thay nhiem
vy ciia ngudi thdy tren ldp"(6) • (1) Tran Due Vuong "Thiet bi day hoc tu lam - thuc
trang va xu the phat trien" Tgp chi Gido due, so' 103,
thang 12/ 2004
(2) Nguyen Van Kh&i (chu bien) - Le Huy Hoang Giao trinh Phuong tien day hoc ki thuat cdng nghiep
NXB Dgi hgc su phgm, H2007
(3) Nguyen Huy Sam "Thiet bi gop phan ddi mdi phuong phap day hoc, nang cao cha't luang day
hoctheo hudng tich cue" Tap chi Thdng tin Khoa
hoc gido due, so' 102, nam 2004
(4) To Xuan Giap Phuong tien day hoc NXB Gido
due, H 1977
(5) Tran Kieu - Vu Trong Ry "Thie't bi day hoc vdi viec ddi mdi chuang trinh, sach giao khoa phd thong" Tap
chi Thdng tin Khoa hoc gido due, sd 86, nam 2001
(6) D3ng Thanh Hung Day hoc hien dai: Li ludn
-Bien phap - Ki thuat NXB Dai hgc qud'c gia, H 2002
Tap chi Giao due so 2 6 2 (k, 2-5/2011)