II of PHAT TRifN DOI NGU GIANG VIlN TRIfDNG CAO D A N G Ki THUAT O ThS, NGUYEN D A N G LANG* Trong thdi kl hdi nhdp qudc t l vd todn edu ve PTNNL Id dudng Idi chu truong chfnh sdeh djnh hda, phdt tril[.]
Trang 1II
of PHAT TRifN DOI NGU GIANG VIlN TRIfDNG CAO DANG Ki THUAT
O ThS, NGUYEN D A N G LANG*
Trong thdi kl hdi nhdp qudc t l vd todn edu ve PTNNL Id dudng Idi chu truong chfnh sdeh djnh hda, phdt triln ngudn nhdn lye (PTNNL) Id hudng cho sy phdt triln dgi ngu GV cdc frudng chiln luge cua cdc qudc gia NNL dugc hilu CDKT trong thdi gian tdi
Id todn bd trinh do chuyin mdn md con ngudi 1 Li ludn phdt trl^n ngudn nhdn lye tich luy dugc, nd dugc ddnh gid coo vi tilm ndng PTNNL cd nhilu cdch hilu khdc nhau, phdt dem Igi thu nhdp trong tuong lai Cdch hilu ndy triln bd sung theo tien trinh Ijch su the gidi vd cdn hgn hep, chi gidi hgn trong trinh do chuyin ddn tdc Hilu thudt ngu ndy theo nghTa rdng, mdn cua con ngudi vd chua ddt ro gidi hqn v l PTNNL Id Idm tdng kinh nghilm hgc dugc trong
phgm vi khdng gian euo ngudn lye (1) Xet trin mot khodng thdi gian xdc djnh 6e tdng co hoi
blnh d i l n chung, «PTNNL Id mdt phuong hudng ndng coo ndng lye thye hiln cdng vile UNESCO
cy the euo phdt triln con ngudi V l mdt gid trj, (1) cho rdng khdi nilm PTNNL theo nghTa hep phdt triln con ngudi Id gia tdng gid trj noi chung «PTNNL Id Idm cho todn bg sy Idnh nghe cua cua con ngudi, cdn PTNNL Id gia tdng gid trj su ddn cu ludn ludn phu hgp h-ong mdi quan he dyng cua eon ngudi PTNNL chu yeu Id phdt vdi sy phdt trien cua ddt nudc* Td chuc Lao trien mdt cdng cy euo con ngudi, nhu mdt ngudn ddng the gidi hieu khdi niem PTNNL bao hdm tdi nguyin, mdt ngudn vdn vd mdt ngudn ddng phgm vi rdng hon «khdng chi Id sy chiem linh lye trong qud trinh phdt trien"(2) Phdt trien ddi trinh do hdnh nghe hodc vd'n de OT ndi chung, ngu gidng viln (GV) chfnh Id PTNNL, Id ehdm nnd cdn Id sy phdt trien ndng lye vd su dyng
lo xdy dyng dgi ngu GV du ve sd lugng, vung ndng lye dd vdo vile Idm cd h i l u qud, cung
ve chdt lugng, ddng bg ve co edu vd logi hlnh, nhu thdo mdn n g h l nghilp vd cudc sdng cd vung vdng ve chfnh trj, chuyin mdn vd nghilp nhdn" Hg su dyng khdi nilm ndy boo gdm GD,
vy du sue thye hiln ed kit qud myc tilu vd ke DT vd su dyng tilm ndng eon ngudi nhdm thOc
hogch OT euo ede nhd trudng O l phdt trien ddi ^°y phdt triln KT-XH vd ndng coo chdt lugng ngu GV cdn tiep can PTNNL chu yeu theo cdc cudc sdng
hudng dudi ddy: Phgm Minh Hgc (2) li gidi PTNNL ddng nghTa Odng vd Nhd nudc to ludn coi trgng PTNNL ^di phdt trien todn dien con ngudi (PTTDCN),
Id chiln luge euo each mgng Cdc Vdn kiln Ogi ""d «PTTDCN Id mot yl'u td Ijch su mang tinh hdi Ddng, ddc bilt Ogi hdi IX cua Odng khdng 9 " / '^^d^ ve gidi phdng con ngudi, gidi phdng djnh «ldy eon ngudi Idm NNL Id mgt trong bo ^dn toe, gidi phdng xd h d i ' Ngl hdm cua sy khdu dot phd di vdo CNH, HOH, Id dilu kiln d l P^^^^ ^^ien eon ngudi trude hl't Id «gidi phdng
phdt huy ngudn lye con ngudi, yeu td eo bdn di ^ ° " " 9 ^ ' ^° ^^°^ ^y phie'n d i l n , que qugt, the phdt triln xd hoi, tdng trudng kinh t l nhanh vd ^°° ^ ° tinh trgng bj bde lot vd sy phdn cdng
b l vung" (3) Nghj quyet Oai hoi XI euo Odng 'ao^dng kieu cu trong phuong thuc tu bdn chu til'p hjc ehl rd «phdt triln, ndng coo chdt luong "9"''°'' PTTDCN Id «Phdt trien vd van dyng dugc
GD vd DT, chdt luong NNL; phdt trien khoa hoc ^ ° ° " ^^ 5 ° ^ " ° " 9 khil'u the lye, tri lye cua con cdng nghl vd kinh t l tri thuc"(4) Phdn dd'u dot " g ^ ^ ' ' ^® ^f ' " d t phdt trien hdi hdo due vd cdc chi tilu, trong dd «Ndng coo chdt luong NNL * ° ' ' P^°^ ^'''®" ^°°'^ * ° ° " "^^^"9 "0^9 Wc sdn
dap ung cong cudc CNH, HOH, hoi nhdp kinh t l cd" PTTDCN Id «phdt triln cd tfnh, ndng khilu, qudc te euo ddt nude"(4) Chien luge euo Odng * Tnrdng Cao dang dien tit - dien lanli Ha Npi
Tap ehi Giao due so 2 6 6 (ki 2 - 7/2011)
Trang 2phdt trien cd nhdn con ngudi vdi y nghTa dung nghe coo cua ngudi Viet Nam chi dqt 2,62/10 ddn chdn chfnh cua no" PTTDCN Id «de cao vd 2,5/10 Lye lugng loo ddng ndng nghiep van con ngudi, nhdn mgnh tfnh phong phu euo con Id chu yeu Khu vyc cdng nghiep vd djch vy tuy ngudi" PTTDCN Id «phdt trien hodn todn, ddy eo tdc do tdng vile Idm, song cung chi thu hut
du, trgn ven, " khoang 30% sd vile Idm hdng ndm Loo dong
2 Thuc trgng phdt trien ngudn nhdn luc nudc la trong khu vyc nhd nudc chilm ti trong nho I<hu
Thye trgng PTNNL Viet Norn dugc nhdn xet, vyc ngodi qudc doanh thu hut phdn Ion NNL ddnh gid d nhung muc do khdc nhau Phgm Minh Theo sd lieu cua Viln khoa hpc Loo ddng vd Xd Hgc (2) cho rdng «N6i mdt each khdi qudt, NNL hdi, chi trong 4 ndm (2002-2006), khu vyc kinh nudc to dang Id sy don xen trinh do euo cdc nudc te tu nhdn dd tgo hon 90% cho viec Idm mdi cho
dd phdt triln coo trong thdi kl cdch mqng cdng NNL cd nude
nghilp Idn thu nhdt, cdch mgng cdng nghilp Idn Xudt khdu loo ddng Id mot trong nhung hudng thu hoi vd thdi dgi cdng nghe thdng tin, kinh te tri di chfnh nhdm gidi quyet viec Idm cho ngudi lao thuc Chung ta phdi DT, bdi dudng NNL chuyin ddng Tuy nhiln, chdt lugng cua NNL nudc to sang mdt nen kinh t l thj trudng djnh hudng xd thdp so vdi cdc nudc nhu Trung Qudc, Philippines, hdi chu nghTa theo dudng Idi hdi nhdp, md euo Indonesia, v l trinh do chuyen mdn kT thudt vd h>c Id phdi chu y tdi dgi ngu lao dgng, dgi bg ngogi ngCr NNL Id ddi ngu GV DH, CD tuy c6 phdn Id loo dgng ndng nghilp, cd ddi ngu lao tdng v l chdt lugng, sd lugng tu 19.800 den
ddng phye vy co khi hdo, dien khf hdo, lan tin 56.120 GV (2008), cd khodng 12% tien sT vd 5%
hgc hdo Chung to phdi chudn bj mdt NNL phye phd gido su vd gido su Nhin chung, chdt lugng
vy cd bo nen kinh te: kinh t l ndng nghiep, kinh te ddi ngu ndy cdn thdp so vdi yeu cdu Chdt lugng cdng nghiep vd kinh te tri thuc" GIDOH d nudc to ehi dgt 3,79 dilm, xep hqng Hdi nghi TW6 (khoa IX) nhdn xet: mdc ddu cd cudi sou Hdn Qudc (6,91), Singapore (6,81),
nhieu cd gang h-ong DT NNL, nhung lao dgng Nhdt Bdn {6,5), Odi Loan (6,04), An Od (5,76),
quo OT khdng dgt ehi tilu tu 22-25% nhu NQTW2 Trung Qudc (5,73), Malaysia (5,59), Hdng Kdng (khdo VIII) de ro Chdt lugng OT NNL, nhdt Id d (5,50), Philippines (4,53), Thdi Lan (4,04) Rieng bde OH, nhin chung cdn thdp so vdi myc tieu GD trinh do tieng Anh vd cdng nghe coo, Viet Nam vdi yeu edu nhdn lye phye vy KT-XH vd trinh do xep hqng cudi cCing (5)
cdc nudc trong khu vyc Ndi dung phuong phdp Hudng tiep cdn ndy cho chung to thdy dugc dgy hgc DH chua ddp ung tdt yeu cdu ehudn bi thye trgng y l u kem v l NNL nudc to de tim gidi nhdn lye cho cdng nghiep hda rut ngdn vd trinh phdp khdc phye
do chua theo kjp phdt triln khoa hgc, cdng nghe 3 Thdnh tyu vd kinh nghiem PTNNL the gidi hien dgi PTNNL Id chiln luge hdng ddu euo qudc gia Cdng tdc bdi dudng vd su dyng nhdn tdi nhu Theo Trjnh Ngoc Thgch (6), thdng quo chfnh sdeh
Id ddu tdu euo ddi ngu nhdn lye chua dugc quon phdt triln GDDH, cdc qudc gia Ddng A vd MT tdm dung muc, «thieu co che, chinh sdeh de trgng thdnh cdng trong viec PTNNL Cd t h i tdm tdt mdt dyng cdn bd khoa hgc vd nhd gido cd trinh do so kinh nghiem sou ddy:
coo" vd nhieu chfnh sdeh ddi vdi khoa hgc, cdng NNL la tai nguyen quy gia cua moi qudc gia
nghe chua dugc ban hdnh Cdn bd khoa hgc vd Cdc qudc giodeu chgn chfnh sdeh phdt trien ddng cdng nghl cd trinh do coo cdn it, cdn su dyng bd ba he thdng GD: tinh hoa, dqi chung vd nghe chua tdt, dang bj ldo hoa, it ed d i l u kiln cdp nghilp d l nhdm cung cdp NNL cho ddt nude, nhdt kien thuc mdi Sy hang hyt v l cdn bd Id phu hgp theo y l u cdu euo cdc loqi trinh do phdt nghiem trgng, nhd't Id trong iTnh vyc khoa hgc trien KT-XH
CO bdn (3) Dau tu dethuc hien cac chuong trinh DT NNL
Cdc tdc gid (1) de edp «Hien trqng thj trudng chdt lugng coo trong cdc co sd GDDH Idm ndng loo ddng Viet Nam" nhdn xet: ti l l loo dgng qua cdt cho vile ndng coo chdt lugng DT NNL trong
OT cdn thdp; chi sdtdng hgp veGDvd NNL nude dieu kiln GO dqi chung ngdy mdt phdt trien tachidgt3,79/10, thua kem rdt nhieu nude trong ddp ung nhu cdu xd hdi: Nhdt Bdn chu trgng khu vyc; sy thdnh thqo ve tieng Anh vd cdc cdng ddu tu vdo GDDH, cdi cdch GDDH chuyen tu
Tap ehi Giao due so 2 6 6 (ki 2.7/2011)
Trang 3chinh sdeh dp ddt song chfnh sdeh phdt huy sdng
tgo, tdp trung uu tiln GD chdt lugng cao cho
ddi tugng cd d i l u kiln vd khd ndng tdt hon GD
tgi Nhdt Ban tdp trung vdo ba khdu: dd'i mdi
phuong phdp gidng dgy, chuong trinh vd
phuong thuc DT, kit hop giua GDDH vd phdt
triln KH-CN Vl the, dd tudi OH (18-22 tudi) d
Nhdt Bdn trin 50%, tl l l ngudi ed bdng thgc sT,
til'n sT v l cdng nghl ngong bdng vdl cdc nudc
cdng nghl phdt trien Trung Qudc dgt nhilu
thdnh tyu trong OT NNL thdng quo mdt sd chu
truong, chinh sdeh thilt thye: cu cdn bd OT, bdi
dudng tgi nhilu trudng DH, viln nghiln cuu,
tdp dodn kinh doanh hdng ddu d ede nude phdt
t r i l n ; cu cdn bg, GV euo cdc trudng OH tham
gia cdc dy dn KH-CN qudc t l , uu tiln hgp tdc
chdt che vdi ede nude phdt triln Au, MT
Tdp trung vdn d l mdi cdc nhd khoa hgc ndi
tilng, cdc doanh nhdn thdnh dgt trong nude vd
nudc ngodi tham gia gidng dgy vd NCKH, thorn
gia cdc hdi thdo khoa hgc Liln kit giOo OT vd
phdt trien ngudn lye vdi sdn xudt, kinh doanh
trong nude vd qudc t l d l thye hiln ede chuong
trinh OT, NCKH, chuyin giao cdng nghl Cd chinh
sdeh tdn vinh xung ddng cdc nhd khoa hgc, cdc
doanh nhdn thdnh dgt, ddng gdp tdi lye cho nhd
nudc: Hoa Kl, tdng thdng Oboma chu truong:
tuyln chgn he gido viln mdi, trd thim tien cho
gido viln gidi; duo gido viln kem ro khdi Idp
hgc Hg dung ddu t h i gidi ve PTNNL thdng quo
GDDH DH Harvard thudng xuyen dung ddu trong
Top 10 nhung trudng OH tdt nhdt t h i gidi Hoa
Ki cdn cd nhieu trudng OH ndi tieng khdc nhu OH
Chicago, Viln cdng nghl Mossooehusetts (MIT),
OH Columbia, OH Stonfond, Tqi MIT, cdc eyu
SV dd ldp ro hon 4000 doanh nghilp, thu hut
1,2 trilu loo ddng vd cd doonh sd 232 ti USD
Tgi OH Harvard cd khodng 50-80% SV tham gia
hgc tdp dd tdt nghilp vd h/ kilm viec Idm ed thu
nhdp coo
4 Mot so' suy nghl v l PTNNL GV cdc
h-udng CDKT h> cdc hudng tllip cdn PTNNL:
NNL Id tdi nguyin vd gid euo qudc gia, mudn
ed NNL chdt lugng cao thi phdi ed chiln luge
ddu hi Idn h> GD mdm non trd di, ddc bilt phdi
ddu tu cho GDDH Li Quang Dilu, nguyen Thu
tudng Singapore khdng djnh «thdng h-ong GD
se thdng tdt ed mgi iTnh vyc"; - PTNNL phdi di
tu-ba he thdng GD: tinh hoa, dgi chung vd nghe
nghilp Ba h$ thdng ndy ed tdc dyng chi phdi lan nhau, bd sung cho nhau, tgo ro dgi ngu GV ddp ung theo tung myc tieu, y l u edu euo logi hlnh KT-XH; Phdi ddu tu Idn cho mdt sd trudng CD e6 chdt lugng coo de tgo ro ddi ngu GV chdt lugng coo Khi dd ed ddi ngu GV chdt lugng coo mdi egnh tranh vdi cdc nIn kinh te, kT thudt khdc; Cdn nhanh ch6ng x6a bd co e h l «bao cdp" kilu «xin - cho" mdt cdch trdn lan trong GDDH, trao quyIn ty chu cho ede trudng OH, CO; ddi mdi phuong thuc QL trong ede trudng OH, CD theo hudng qudn trj kinh doanh vd cdng khai
«th| trudng GD", «nhdm Idnh mgnh hda cdc quan
h i djch vy hdng hda trong GDDH" «Cdc rdo cdn gia nhdp thj trudng cdn dugc tinh gidn theo hudng cho phep nhung co sd DT cd ndng luc tdt nhdt gia nhdp thj trudng Mdt h i thdng QL nhdn
sy dya trin ndng lye vd kit qud cdng tdc cdn dugc thilt ldp de khuyin khich ede GV vd SV tdi ndng nhdt, ddng thdi logi bd tham nhOng vd gian Idn trong GD-OT Phdn bd vdn phdi gdn vdi kit qud hogt ddng chu khdng chi Id quy md euo cac
CO sd Cdn xdy dyng dugc mdt he thdng minh bgch d l djnh hudng rd rdng cho cdc khdch hdng
su dyng djch vy GD*(7).I3
(1) Phsim Thiinh Nghj Nftng cao hlf u qui quan li ngu6n nhSn lure trong qua trinh cdng nghifp hoa,
hien dai hoa dat nuwc NXB Khoa hqcxO h0i H 2005
(2) Pham Minh Hac Ve phat trien con nguoi thdi ki
cdng nghiep ho^, hi£n dai hoii NXB Chinh tri quffc
gia H200\
(3) Diing cOng san Vi$t Nam V4n kifn Dai hdi dai
bi^u todn quOic Idn thiir IX NXB Chinh tri qudc gia
H2001
(4) Dang cOng skn Vi$t Nam Vdn kien Dai hdi dai
bi Ju to&n qutfc lln thiJr XI NXB Chinh tri qudc gia,
H2010
(5) Hi Minh Due "Nghl vl chu^n muc v i chit lugmg
giio dye d^i hpc" Ki y^u HOi thao Dd'i mdi gido due
dgi hQc Vi^tNam H 2004
(6) Trjnh Ngpc Th^ch "Phit tri^n ngu6n nhin luc thdng qua chinh sich ddi mdi giio due dai hpc Kinti nghiem mOt sd' qud'c gia vi bii hpc cho Viet Nam" ICi
yffu HOi thao qudc t^ Chinfi sdeh vdi nhd gido vd edn
b0 qudn ligido due trong tiin trinh dd'i m&i gido due,
H2009
(7) Nguyin Thj Hoing Y^n Bii tham luin tai Hdi thdo
tdng kit khoa hoc gido due Hi Ndi, thing 1/2011
Tap ehi Glao due so 2 6 6 (ki 2.7/20111