NANG CAD NANG LUC SU DONG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOG TfCH CUE • • 9 • • • 1 Trong nhdng nam qua, truang CDSP Dien Bien da tfch cue van dyng ddi mdi phuang phap dgy hoc (PPDH) trong qua trinh dao tqo va ren l[.]
Trang 1NANG CAD NANG LUC SU DONG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOG TfCH CUE
• • 9 • • •
1 Trong nhdng nam qua, truang CDSP Dien
Bien da tfch cue van dyng ddi mdi phuang phap
dgy hoc (PPDH) trong qua trinh dao tqo va ren
luyen kT ndng su phgm cho sinh vien (SV) Viec
ddi mdi PPDH dd dgt duqc nhung ket qua nhdt
dinh thdng qua su nhqn thuc cua dqi ngu gidng
vien (GV) vd su chi dgo cua nhd trudng trong
viec bdi dudng cho GV ndm vung vd su dyng
cdc PPDH hien dgi sao cho phu hqp dieu kien
dgy hoc (DH) cua nhd trudng Ddi ngu GV trudng
CDSP Dien Bien thudng xuyen dugc tiep can, boi
dudng ndng cao trinh dd chuyen mdn, nghiep
vy, tham gia day du cdc khoa tap hudn dieu chinh
chuong trinh, sach gido khoa, ddi mdi ddnh gid
chdt luqng hoc tap, theo cdc chuong trinh Du dn
cua Bd GD-DT (Du dn Viet - Bi; Du dn ddo tqo
gido vien trung hoc ca sd (THCS); Du dn Gido
dye THCS vung khd khan nhdt) Tren ca sd ndm
vung li ludn vd van dyng tdt cdc PPDH tich cue
(PPDHTC) trong thyc tiin DH d trudng CDSP, GV
se truyen Iqi cho SV Trong phgm vi bdi viet nay
chung tdi de cap den vdn de «Ndng cao ndng
luc su dyng PPDHTC cho SV ngdnh Sinh - Hda
trudng CDSP Dien Bien"
2 Van dyng mdt sd bien phap ndng cao
ndng lyc su dyng PPDHTC cho SV
/ ) Cho SV dugc lam quen voi cac PPDHTC
ngay tu nam hoc dau tien Trong cdc mdn hoc
ve kien thuc ca sd cua ngdnh hoc, kien thuc chuyen
ngdnh, GV cdn su dyng thudng xuyen cdc PPDHTC
(Idm viec cd nhdn, thdo ludn nhdm, trinh bay neu
van de, DH theo dy an ), ket hqp su dyng hgp li
cdc phuang tien DH hien dgi cd su trq giup cua
cdng nghe thdng tin Trong cdc hoc phdn mdn
hoc, GV cdn thudng xuyen td chuc cho SV duqc
Idm viec theo nhdm, trao ddi, tranh ludn, neu
van de hoc tap, each gidi quyet nhung van de dd
trong thuc tiin dgt ra GV si) dyng cdc phuang
tien DH, gido dn dien tu, tu lieu DH dien tu
giup SV duqc tiep xuc vdi cdc phuang tien DH
O NGUYEN TH| PHUONG THUY*
hien dgi vd biet each su dyng, khai thdc cdc thdng tin trong qua trinh hoc tap
2) Giup SV nam vung khai niem, net dqc thu va each su dyng mot sd PPDHTC De SV
cd the su dyng duqc mdt sd PPDHTC nhu DH theo
du dn, DH hqp tdc theo nhdm nhd, DH theo gdc, chung tdi tien hdnh: dua ndi dung kien thuc ve PPDHTC vdo chuyen de cua mdn hoc PPDH bd mdn; bd sung cdc ndi dung kien thuc ve PPDHTC vdo trong chuang trinh hoc vd td chuc gidng day cho SV thdng qua cdc hoqt ddng nghien cuu li thuyet, thdo ludn thuc hdnh de ndm vung bdn chdt, ndi dung dgc diem cua cdc PPDHTC, gdn vdi cdc phuang tien hien dgi, ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng trong DH
3) Td chuc cac bai tap thyc hanh tren lap
va a nha, yeu cdu SV van dyng cac PPDHTC trong viec bien soqn mot ngi dung bai hoc cy the theo chuang trinh THCS Chung tdi td chuc
cho SV tu nghien cuu, cdc nhdm SV van dyng cdc PPDHTC, bien sogn gido dn DH cho mdt ndi dung, mdt bdi hoc cy the trong chuang trinh hod hoc, sinh hoc THCS vd trinh bay trudc nhdm Thdng qua cdc hoqt ddng dd yeu cdu SV chi ra duqc cdc ddu hieu dgc trung cua PPDHTC dd dugc the hien trong bdi dgy (dgy vd hoc thdng qua td chuc hoqt ddng cua hoc sinh (HS) vd chu trong ren phuang phap tu hoc; tang cudng hoqt ddng hoc tap ciia mdi cd nhdn, phdi hqp vdi hoc hqp tdc; dqc biet chu y den su quan tdm vd hung thu cua HS, nhu cdu vd Iqi ich ciia xd hdi; day vd hoc coi trong hudng dan tim tdi; ket hqp ddnh gid cua thdy vdi tu ddnh gid cua trd) vd su hqp li trong viec td chuc cdc hoqt ddng hoc tap cua HS trong gid hoc
4) To chuc cho SV ndm vung va van dyng dugc mot sd kT thuat DH nhu kT thuat dgt cau hoi, kT thuat khan trdi bdn, manh ghep, so do
* Truong Cao dang sir pham Dien Bien Tap chi Giao due so 263 (ki i 6/201n
Trang 2hrduy, kTthudtlSng nghe vd phdn hoi Chung
toi tien hdnh td' chuc cho SV thdo ludn ve cdc kT
thudt DH vd thyc hdnh gua viec su dyng cdc kT
thudt DH trong cdc vi dy, ndi dung DH cy the ve
Hod hoc hodc Sinh hgc d trudng THCS Tu cdc vi
dy dugc xdy dyng tren ca sd ndi dung mdn hgc,
yeu cdu SV van dyng vdo thiet ke cdc hogt ddng
hoc tap tren Idp, dgy thu trong nhdm, cdc nhdm
SV ty trao dd'i, nhdn xet ddnh gid lan nhau vd
nhdn sy ddnh gid cua GV GV dua ra nhung yeu
cdu cy the cho SV tim hieu vd van dyng cdc kT
thudt DH trong cdc bdi dgy khi di thyc
tap su phgm (TTSP)
5) Tim hieu ve nhqn thuc cua
SV sau khi di TTSP ldn 1 vd nhung
khd khan cdn khac phyc trudc khi
di TTSP ldn 2 GV cdn biet dugc muc
dd nhdn thuc, ndm vung cdc ndi dung
kien thuc ve cdc PPDHTC, nhung khd
khan ve van dyng PPDH dd, su dyng
phuang tien DH cua SV de cd ke
hogch giup dd SV trudc vd trong dgt TTSP ldn 2
3 Mot sd ket qua van dyng
1) Ket qua thu duqc qua bdi kiem tra hoc
phdn bd mdn Chung tdi tien hdnh kiem tra ddnh
gid sy nhdn thuc cua SV ve ndi dung li thuyet cdc
PPDHTC thdng qua bdi kiem tra trong hoc phdn
PPDH bd mdn, ket qua thu duac nhu sau: td'ng sd
SV cdc khod (K10, KI 1) Id 86; so SV dat diem
8,0 trd len chiem 43,1%; SV dat diem 5-7 chiem
56,9%; Sd SV dgt diem 3-4 chiem 0 %; khong cd
SV dqt diem 1 -2 Nhu vdy, ve mat li thuyet cho
thdy da sd SV dd ndm duqc ndi dung ca bdn,
nhung net ddc thu cua cdc PPDHTC Ve y thuc vd
thdi dd, SV dd thdy duqc sy cdn thiet phdi ddi
mdi PPDH, phdi su dyng PPDHTC trong DH cdc
mdn hoc d trudng THCS Ve thyc hdnh, chung tdi
tien hdnh to chuc kiem tra cho SV soqn gido dn
bdi day cd su dyng cdc PPDHTC, trinh bay d
nhdm, gdp y vd tien hdnh dgy thu trudc nhdm
hodc tren Idp GV dy vd ddnh gid (moi SV day 1
gid trong giai doan chudn bi di TTSP) Ket qua
ddnh gid ve gid dgy thyc hdnh cua SV K10, KI 1
nhu sau: sd SV dgt khd 32,5%; dgt trung binh
60,5%; chua dqt yeu cdu 7%
Ket qua kiem tra ve li thuyet vd thyc hdnh cho
thdy, SV dd biet van dyng kien thuc vdo bdi thyc
hdnh trong gidng day, tuy nhien, ket qua ve thyc
hdnh cdn thdp so vdi phdn kiem tra li thuyet Vi
vdy, cdn cu vdo ket qua kiem tra bdi thyc hdnh
chung tdi yeu cdu nhung SV dqt diem thdp tiep tyc ren kT ndng van dyng PPDHTC trong phdn ren luyen NVSP thudng xuyen gid chinh khoa vd ngogi khoa, giup cdc em ndng cao kT ndng van dyng PPDHTC trong DH duoc tdt hon
2) Ket qua TTSP cua SV K10, KI 1 Tren ca
sd hudng dan cua GV d trudng CDSP vd sy giup
da cua gido vien d trudng THCS, trong qua trinh TTSP SV can biet van dyng cdc PPDHTC trong bdi dgy cua minh, ket qua duqc ddnh gid, xep
loqi qua cdc phieu dy gid, cy the Id (xem bdng)
Khoa hoc Nganh hoc S6
SV
Xep loai TTSP lan 1 Khoa hoc Nganh hoc S6
SV Xuat sac Gidi Kha Khoa hoc Nganh hoc S6
SV SL TL% SL TL% SL TL% K10
(2007 - 2010) Sinh - Hoa 41 8 19,51 31 75,61 2 4,88 K11
(2008-2011) Sinh - Hoa 45 11 24,44 34 75,56
Xep loai TTSP \hn 2
K10 (2007-2010) Sinh - Hoa 41 10 24,39 27 68,85 4 9,76
So sdnh ket qua TTSP ldn 1 cho thdy, loqi gidi
vd xudt sdc cua SV KI 1 cao han KI 0, li do vi SV
KI 1 duqc nhieu thdi gian nghien cuu ve cdc PPDHTC vd thyc hdnh han KI 0; each tiep can ve PPDHTC cua SV KI 1 nhanh hon do GV ngay cdng
cd nhieu kinh nghiem trong truyen tdi PPDHTC cho SV Sau khi ket thuc TTSP ldn 1 (nam thu 2),
SV K10 duqc tiep tyc hoc vd nghien cuu thyc hdnh ve PPDHTC d nam thu 3, vd di TTSP ldn 2, ket gud cho thdy so luqng SV dqt loqi xudt sdc cao han so vdi TTSP ldn 1
3) Ket qua dieu tra ddnh gid nhdn thuc cua SV ve PPDHTC trudc TTSPlan 2 D i chudn
b| cho dqt TTSP ldn 2 cua KI 1, chung tdi dd thyc hien dieu tra ddnh gid sa luqc nhdn thuc cua SV
ve PPDHTC vd sy ndm vung phuong phap su dyng cdc PPDH trong td chuc hoqt ddng ciia SV Viec dieu tra duqc thyc hien qua cdc cdu hdi cd lien quan den nhung khd khan gap phdi khi TTSP ldn
1, vd nhung yeu cdu chudn bj ciia SV cho ki TTSP ldn 2 Ddi tugng dieu tra Id SV KI 1 ngdnh Sinh -Hda vdi td'ng sd 45SV, ndi dung vd ket qua dieu tra thu duqc nhu sau:
Cdu hdi 1: Kho khan ban gap phdi khi tham gia TTSP lan 1 ve PPDH, each td chuc cdc hoqt dong tren Idp, van de khdc co lien quan)? SV
xdc djnh nhung khd khan chu yeu Id: - Chua sii dyng thdnh thgo tung PPDH vd su dyng phdi hqp cdc PPDH cdn lung tung (88,9%); - Chua thdnh Tap chi Giao due so 2 6 3 (ki 1 - 6/2011)
Trang 3thqo ve cong nghe thong tin dan den viec thiet ke
bai giang dien tu con mat nhieu thai gian (84,5%);
- Gap kho khan khi thuyet trinh phan tich cac phim
thi nghiem hoac khi dgt cau hoi (66,7%); - KT
nang noi va dien dgt ngi dung con nham lan, tu
dung chua chudn xac (40%)
- Td chuc cac hogt dgng hgc tap nhom con
thieu hieu gud (57,8%); - Phan bd thdi gian tren
Idp chua hgp li (60%); - Ngoai ra, mot sd SV
con khdng djnh do chua hieu dugc het tdm li cua
HS ddn den trong gid hgc de HS cdn mdt trat tu,
bao qudt Idp hgc chua tdt
Nhu vdy, qua dieu tra SV chung tdi dd ddnh
gid tuang ddi chinh xdc ve nhung mat cdn yeu
ve kT ndng, ndng luc su dyng PPDH Ket gud nay
giup chung tdi cd ke hogch de giup SV duqc tap
luyen nhieu han trong cdc giai dogn sau
Cdu hdi 2: Ban da hieu nhu the nao ve day va
hgc tich cue? Cdc cdu trd ldi duqc chung tdi phdn
chia thdnh cdc nhdm y kien sau: - Nhdm y kien thu
nhdt cho rdng: dgy vd hoc tich cue Id gido vien
phdi biet su dyng linh hogt vd sdng tgo, hieu gud
cdc PPDH vd phuong tien DH hien dgi Gido vien
cd vai trd Id ngudi hudng dan dieu khien HS trong
gid hoc, giup cho HS phdt huy tinh ty lyc,sdng
tgo, chu ddng hnh hdi kien thuc GV tqo duqc nhieu
dieu kien, ca hdi cho HS duac trao ddi, hoc tap
ldn nhau, khdm phd kie'n thuc duqc nhieu hon
(42%); - Nhdm y kien thu hai cho rdng: dgy vd
hoc tich cue Id ngudi day Id ngudi chi dgo hudng
dan ngudi hoc, td chuc cho HS tu hoc, ty tim hieu
kien thuc, HS Id trung tdm (27%); - Nhdm y kien
thu ba cho rdng: dgy vd hoc tich cue Id sy phdi
hqp nhip nhdng giua gido vien vd HS, thdng qua
sy hudng dan cua gido vien, HS dugc hnh hdi
kien thuc, gido vien Id ngudi cd vdn dan dudng
cho HS khdm phd tri thuc, phdt huy duqc tinh tich
cue, sdng tgo cua HS mdt each tdi da (31 %)
Nhu vdy, du trd ldi theo nhdm ndo thi ve nhqn
thuc SV cung dd ndm duac nhung net ddc thu ca
bdn v i PPDHTC
Cau hoi 3: Theo ban n hung PPDHTC nao phu
hqp vai mon Hoa hgc a trudng THCS? Ket qua
thu nhdn duqc tu y kien cua SV duqc xep theo
thu tu lya chon ti le phdn tram giam ddn nhu
sau: PPDH Dy dn 100%, hoc theo gdc 100%, DH
vi md 95,6%, theo hqp ddng 68,9%
Cdu hdi 4: Nhung kT thudt DH ndo bgn quan
tdm vd hieu rd nhdt a ban? Ket qua thu nhdn
duqc tu y kien cua cdc SV duqc xep theo thu ty
lya chon ti le phdn tram giam ddn nhu sau: kT
thudt khan trdi bdn 100%; kT thudt manh ghep 73,3%; kT thudt hoc tap hqp tdc 64,4%; kT thudt ddt cdu hdi 48,8%; sa dd tu duy 55,6%; kT thudt Idng nghe vd phdn hdi 51,1%
Cdu hdi 5: Dy kien cua ban ve viec chudn bi va van dyng cdc PPDHTC cho thdi gian TTSP lan 2 sap tdi? Y kien trd ldi: - Chudn bj that tdt viec ung dyng
cdng nghe thdng tin trong DH chiem 26,6%; - Phdi hqp cdc PPDH khdc nhau, kT thudt DH, kT ndng thiet
ke bdi gidng, thiet bj dgy hoc cd ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin trong DH: 44,4%; - Ren kTndng trinh bay bdng, td chuc cdc hogt ddng tren Idp, kT ndng thi nghiem, su dyng phim thi nghiem, internet, PP dung ldi: 15,6%; - Ren kT ndng dqt cdu hdi, thiet ke
sa do tu duy, kT thudt DH, each phdi hqp hqp li cdc phuang phap trong mdt gid len Idp: 13,3% Ket qua dieu tra cho thdy: SV dd nhqn thuc duqc duqc khd rd net ve PPDHTC vd cd dinh hudng nhdt djnh cho viec ren luyen nghiep vy vd chu trgng den ndng lyc su dyng cdc PPDHTC trong hogt ddng DH cua minh Vdi nhung djnh hudng trong nhdn thuc, ket hqp vdi cdc bien phap ren luyen cy the cua cdc GV qua cdc gid hoc, gid thyc hdnh se giup SV ndng cao duqc ndng lyc si) dyng cdc PPDH trong gid dgy dap ung yeu cdu ddi mdi PPDH d trudng THCS hien nay
***
Ddi mdi PPDH nhdm tang cudng tinh chu ddng, sdng tgo, tich cue cua HS Id mdt yeu cdu buc thiet hien nay, tuy theo nqi dung, ddi tugng, quy mo Idp hoc, dieu kien, phuang tien DH md gido vien lya chgn PPDH sao cho hieu qua nhdt Mdt sd bien phap chung dd su dyng trong qua trinh DH chuyen ngdnh Sinh - Hod, nhdm ndng cao ndng lyc si) dyng cdc PPDHTC cho SV tgi trudng CDSP Dien Bien dd cho kit qua tdt Trong thdi gian tdi, chung tdi tiep tyc nghien cuu vd van dyng cdc kinh nghiem nay trong DH cho SV triet de hon nua nhdm tqo tien de tdt nhdt cho SV cd nen tang kien thuc vd kT ndng su dyng PPDH sau khi tdt nghiep ra trudng, gdp phdn tich cue vdo qua trinh ddi mdi PPDH d cdc trudng THCS tinh Dien Bien.Q
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Nguyen Lang Binh (chu bien) D6 Huong Tra -NguySn Phuong H6ng - Cao Thi Thang M6t so' phuong phap va ki thuat day hoc tich cue B0
GD-DT - Dir an Viet - Bi NXB Dgi hoc suphgm, H.2010
2 Nguyen Cuong (chu bien) - NguySn Manh Dung Phuong phap Hoa hoc (tap 1) (Giao trinh CDSP) B6
GD-DT - Dir an dao tao GV THCS NXB Dgi hgc su phgm, H 2005
Tap c h i Giao due so 2 6 3 (ki i - « / 2 o m