K H A N A N G D O C T i l R O N G U A T O O D O D O C T H A N H T I E N G J!'''' O H O C S M B T I E U H O C O ThS BUI THE HOP* Kha nang dgc cua hgc sinh (HS) ndm trong mdi quan tam cua giao dye tieu hoc[.]
Trang 1K H A N A N G D O C T i l R O N G U A T O O D O D O C T H A N H T I E N G
J!'
O ThS BUI THE HOP*
Kha nang dgc cua hgc sinh (HS) ndm trong
mdi quan tam cua giao dye tieu hoc bdi
biet dqc Id dieu kien dau tien de HS h"nh
hdi kien thuc qua kenh chu viet, de moi cd nhdn
cd the hoc len, ty hoc vd hoc sudt ddi Viec ddnh
gid khd ndng nay d HS giup gido vien, nhd gido
dye thu duqc thdng tin ngugc nhdm dua ra cdc
quyet djnh hieu chinh qua trinh vd cdc tdc ddng
day dqc cho HS mdt each cd hieu qua han Ddi
vdi nhung HS cd khd khan ve dqc, viec ddnh gid
de nhdn dien vd tim kiem cdc bien phap tdc ddng
day dqc phu hqp vdi cdc em nay cdng cd y nghia
gido dye vd nhdn vdn han
Khd ndng dqc cua HS tieu hoc duqc bde Id
vd ddnh gid d cdc tieu chi ca bdn nhu: 1) dqc
tran; 2) dqc trdi chdy; 3) dqc hieu; 4) dqc diin
cam Trong khi cdc tieu chi 3 vd 4 tuang ddi
khd luqng hda thi tieu chi 1 vd 2 d l quan sat vd
luqng hda han nhieu Mat khdc, cdc tieu chi 1
vd 2 cung Id nhung tieu chi ddu tien giup nhdn
biet khd khan ve dqc d HS tieu hoc Nghien cuu
ddnh gid khd ndng dqc tu rong (nhung tu duqc
cdu tqo theo quy tdc phdt dm tieng Viet nhung
khdng cd nghia) vd tdc dd dqc thdnh tieng, ldn
luat tuang ung vdi tieu chi 1 vd 2 neu d tren dd
duqc thyc hien vdo thdi diem cudi ndm hoc
2009-2010, tren 233 HS tu Idp 1 den Idp 4 tqi
Hd Ndi vd Tien Giang Ket qua nghien cuu phdn
dnh tap trung d bang J Do khd khan khach
quan cua thdi diem khao sat, viec ddnh gid HS
Idp 5 chua thyc hien duqc
1 Khd ndng dgc tu rong
De khach guan hda viec ddnh gid khd ndng dqc tran cua HS, tranh hien tuang HS dya tren viec nhdn dien chu quen thudc vd doan nghia de dqc, 10 tu rong (dqi dien cho bdng 100 tu rong chon Iqc) duqc si) dyng trong khao sat nay Id: bu,
oa, goi, oeo, rudn, hoan, trudi, khoet, nghiet, thuyet Day Id cdc tu cd the dqc duqc nhung khdng
cd nghia, dgi dien cho cdc Idp tu vdi cdc dd phuc
tap ve dm vd dd phuc tap ve chu khdc nhau Vdi
moi tu rong HS dqc tran dung se duqc 1 diem Ket qua khao sat cho thdy, diem trung binh ve khd ndng dqc tu rong cua HS tu cudi Idp 1 den cudi Idp 4 dao ddng tu 7 den 8 Dieu ddng chu y
Id ket qua cao nhdt thudc ve nhdm HS cudi Idp 1, dqt diem trung binh M = 7,96 vdi do lech chudn
SD = 1,37 Ket qua nay giam di d Idp 2 (vdi M=7,48 vd SD = 1,88), thdp nhdt d lap 3 (M= 7,36 vd SD=1,97) rdi di len d Idp 4 (M=7,72 vdi
SD = 1,56) nhung van thdp han cua Idp 1 Dieu nay cd the duqc gidi thich bdi mdt gid thuyet rdng ki ndng ghep vdn vd dqc tran tieng, tu rdi
dd duqc hoan thien vd dqt dinh d cudi Idp 1 Sang cdc Idp sau, HS phdt trien cdc ki ndng ve dqc trdi chdy, dqc hieu vdn bdn han Id ki thudt dqc tran tieng, tu rdi
2 Tdc dd dqc thdnh tieng Trong nghien cuu nay, HS duqc yeu cdu dqc mdt vdn bdn nghe thudt, dugc in vdi cd chu vd kieu chu gidng vdi cdc bdi tap dqc d SGK Tieng Viet Idp 1 phd thdng hien hdnh, vdi dd khd ve
ndi dung vd cdc cdu true cdu cung duqc
Bdng 1 Kit qua ddnh gid khd nang dqc tu rong vd cho Id tuang duang Ket qua do tdc dd tdc do doc thdnh tieng
Lap 1 Lap 2 Ldp 3 Ldp 4
Doc tir rong (T) M 7,96 7,48 7,36 7,72
Doc tir rong (T)
SD 1,37 1,88 1,97 1,56 Toe dp doc thanh tieng (V) M 32,52 68,04 79,45 86,06
Toe dp doc thanh tieng (V)
SD 13,46 26,47 24,21 21,40 Tuang quan (r) giua T & V 0,54 0,50 0,68 0,60
dqc thdnh tieng cua HS duqc tinh bdng
sd tieng HS dqc dung trong thdi gian 1 phut Cach tinh nay cung tuang ty nhu trong nhieu ddnh gid gudc te ve khd ndng dqc thdnh tieng cua HS tieu hoc (1)
* Vien Khoa hoc giao due Viet Nam Tap chi Giao due so 2 6 3 (ki i - 6/201p
Trang 2Bang 2 Chuan toe do dqc
thanh tieng 6 HS tieu hoc (2)
Lop (tieng/phut)
Ket qua do dqc cho thdy, su tang lien tuc ve tdc do dqc trung binh cua
HS tu cudi Idp 1 den cudi Idp 4 O Idp cudi Idp 1, trung binh HS dqc duqc 32,5 tieng dung/phut vdi do lech chudn SD = 13,46; tdc do dqc trung binh d
Idp tren luon cao han Idp dudi; cho tdi cudi Idp
4 thi M = 86,06 vdi SD = 21,40 Tru Idp 4 thdp
han chut it, ket qua trung binh cua HS cac Idp
con lgi deu cao han chudn ve tdc do dqc thdnh
tieng ghi trong chuang trinh gido due phd thdng
cap tieu hoc (xem bang 2) Ddng chu y Id nhdm
HS cudi Idp 2 dgt duqc ket qua trung binh vugt
khd xa so vdi chudn (M = 68,04 so vdi chudn Id
tu 50 den 60), dong thdi d nhdm HS nay dd phdn
hda ve khd ndng dqc trdi chdy cung Id cao nhdt
trong 4 nhdm, vdi dd lech chudn SD = 26,47
3 Tuang quan giua khd nang dqc tu rdng
vd tdc dd dqc thdnh tieng
He sd tuang quan (r) giua khd ndng dqc tu
rong (T) vdi tdc do dqc thdnh tieng (V) d cdc nhdm
HS duqc khao sat dao ddng tu 0,50 (Idp 2) den
0,68 (Idp 3) Cdc chi sd nay cho thdy khd ndng
dqc tran tieng, tu rdi vdi khd ndng dqc trdi chdy
vdn bdn chi cd tuang quan thudn a muc tu trung
binh thdp den vua phdi Dieu nay gdp them chung
cu cho gid thuyet rdng khd ndng dqc tran tieng,
tu rdi khdng nhdt thiet tang dong hdnh vdi su
tang len ve khd ndng dqc trdi chdy van bdn
Bie'u do 1 Toe dp doc thanh tieng 3 hoc sinh Idp 4
54-75 7*47 96-119 120-141 Toe do doc (tigng/phut)
Bieu do 2 Phan phdi tdc dp doc thanh tieng 6 hoc sinh Idp 4
Z1.B6(M-3SD) 4336<M-ZSOI 64.86(M.SO( 8606 (M) 107,«<M*SO| 128,86(U.2S[J| 150J6|M»3SOl
Toe do doc (lieng/phul)
Ket qua nghien cuu cung cung cap mdt nguon
ca sd du lieu giup nhdn biet HS cd kho khan ve dqc Ket qua do tdc do dqc thdnh tieng d tung nhdm HS cd dang phdn phdi chudn Dien hinh
Id ket qua do d HS Idp 4, vdi do thi phdn phdi
xdc sudt dang hinh chuong (xem bieu do 1 va 2) Thdng thudng, mdt HS cd the duqc coi Id
dqc chdm khi ket qua do tdc dd dqc thdnh tieng thdp dudi 2 dd lech chudn so vdi trj so' trung binh cua nhdm chudn Theo dd, cdn cu vdo du lieu bdng 1 vd bieu dd 2 cd the xdc djnh nhung
HS cudi Idp 4 cd tdc dd dqc thdnh tieng thdp han muc: M - 2SD = 86,06 - 2 x 21,40 = 43,98
[a 44) Id nhung HS dqc chdm, hay cd khd khan
ve dqc
Cd nhien, khd ndng dqc cua HS tieu hoc cdn duqc vd cd the duqc ddnh gid tren nhieu tieu chi
vd binh dien khdc nhau, do ludng theo cdc loqi bien so khdc nhau nhdm mang lgi mdt buc tranh todn dien, chan thuc vd day du han Tuy nhien, nhung ddu hieu d l luqng hda nhdt, d l khach
quan hda nhdt nhu khd ndng dqc tron tuva dqc troi chdy van bdn dudng nhu lgi Id nhung chi ddu ddu tien vd ca bdn nhdt cua viec biet chu, biet dqc Theo dd, cdc du lieu cd duqc tu nghien
cuu cung cap them mot tham chieu dan gian vd tien Iqi cho gido vien vd cdc nhd gido dye trong ddnh gid ban ddu ve khd ndng dqc cua cd nhdn
vd Idp (tu Idp 1 den Idp 4) cua cap hoc nen tang nay d nude ta hien nay •
(1) National Center for Education Statistics The Nation's Report Card: Fourth - Grade Students Reading Aloud: NAEP 2002 Special Study of oral
reading US Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, NCES 2006-469
(2) B6 GD-DT Chuong trinh giao due phd thdng cap
tieu hoc NXB Gido due, H 2006
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Bp GD-DT De kiem tra hoc ki cap tieu hoc NXB
Gido due, H 2008
2 Nguyen Thi Hanh "Ve viec danh gia chat luang
doc cua hoc sinh cuoi bac tieu hoc" Tap chi Nghien cuu gido due, H 2008
3 Bui The Hap "Thir xay dung bang cac tir r6ng di nhan biet tre kho khan ve doc d tieu hoc" Tap chi Gido due, so 227, thang 12/2009
4 Duong Thieu Tong Thong ke ung dung trong
nghien cuu khoa hoc giao due NXB Khoa hoc xd hoi, H 2000
Tap c h i Giao due so 2 6 3 (ki i 4/201 n