REN LUYEN Kl NANG PHAN TICH CHIfllNG TRINH, SACH GIAO KHOA MDN TOAN fi TIEO HOC CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC TIED HOC O TS NGUYEN THI C H A U G IANG* N G U Y I N THI S A O " Er ndng (KN) phdn h''''ch chu[.]
Trang 1REN LUYEN Kl NANG PHAN TICH CHIfllNG TRINH, SACH GIAO KHOA MDN TOAN fi TIEO HOC CHO SINH VIEN NGANH GIAO DUC TIED HOC
O TS NGUYEN THI C H A U G I A N G * - N G U Y I N THI S A O "
Er ndng (KN) phdn h'ch chuong trinh (CT),
sdch gido khoo (SGK) mon Todn d edp t i l u
hqc (TH) cOa gido vien (GV) Id KN fim h i l u ,
khoi thde CT, SGK mdn Todn tu Idp 1 d i n Idp 5
de ndm vi/ng myc fieu dgy hgc, cdu true CT, cde
hinh thuc td chire dgy hgc vd edng tde kiem Ko
-ddnh gid k i t qud hge tdp eua hqc sinh (HS}
KN phdn tfch CT, SGK Id mot KN quan trqng
Kong qud Kinh d g y hge mdn Todn md G V edn
phdi ed Hieu qud cua qud trinh dqy hoe phy
thuqe rdt Idn vdo viec GV cd ndm vCrng hoy khdng
t u tudmg chf d g o cua CT Kong SGK
1 Thyc t r q n g ve K N phan tich CT, SGK mdn
Todn ciia G V v d sinh vien (SV) n g d n h G i d o
due t i l u hqc (GDTH)
- V l phia GV: Q u a Kao ddi voi G V tgi mdt
so'trudng TH trdn dja bdn thdnh phd V i n h , ehung
tdi nhdn thd'y, vide ren luyen KN phdn tich CT,
SGK mdn Todn cua G V edn rd't hgn c h i Thyc te,
Kong qud Kinh dqy hgc, nhieu G V dd su dyng
tdi lidu tham khdo de Idm ro myc fieu, ngi dung,
lya chqn phuong phdp dqy hgc (PPDH) phu hgp
vdi Krng bdi hgc md ehua chii trgng ddn vide
phdn tfeh, fim hieu quan diem Kinh bdy cOa CT,
SGK Dan den finh Kqng lung King, khdng k i l m
sodt duqe het edc tinh hud'ng cd the xdy ro Kong
g i d hgc
- Vi phia SV: Di fim h i l u nhqn thuc cuo SV
ve KN phdn lieh CT, SGK mdn Todn d edp TH,
ehung toi d d t i l n hdnh d i l u Ka bdng An-ket dd'i
vdi 43 SV ndm thu Kr ngdnh GDTH tgi Trudng
Dgi hge Vinh vd thu duqc k i t qud nhu sou: Phdn
Idn y kien cOa SV cho rdng KN ndy Id rd't edn
thiet ddi vdi G V (ehiem 93%), mot sd ft y k i l n cho
Id edn thiet (ehiem 7%); 18,6% y k i l n cho rdng
KN ndy cua minh Id thdnh thqo, 81,4% y k i l n Iqi
eho rdng KN ndy cua bdn thdn cdn lung King Ket
qud eho thd'y, phdn Idn SV d d y thirc duqe tdm
quan trqng eua vide ren luyen KN phdn tfch CT,
Tap chi Giao due so 2 7 7 {ut i • i/aoia)
SGK; tuy nhidn, muc do thye hien KN ndy edn
hqn ehe, SV ehua thue sy hieu ro y dd xdy dyng
CT, SGK eOo ede tde gid bidn soqn
Tim hieu nguydn nhdn dan den thuc trqng Ken, ede y kiln dd tap tnjng vdo mot sd nguydn nhdn ehu y l u sou: - Do bdn thdn ngudi hqe ehua cd phuong phdp hgc tdp, rdn luyen KN ndy mot each hgp If vd khoa hgc; - Trong CT ddo tgo d Kudng dqi hgc chua cd mdt quy Kinh ey the de ren luyen KN phdn tieh CT, SGK; - Do SV chua ddu tu thdi gion thich ddng cho cde hoqt ddng ren luyen KN ndy
2 De xud't quy trinh ren luydn K N phdn Kch
CT, SGK mdn Todn a TH cho SV ngdnh GDTH
D l ren luydn KN phdn tfch CT, SGK mdn Todn
d TH, SV cdn ren luyen td hgp ede KN sou: KN phdn tfch ed'u triie ngi dung mdn Todn (su sdp xep cdc mgch k i l n thuc theo tCrng Idp; thdi gian ddnh cho h>ng noi dung dgy hqe, ); KN phdn h'ch myc tidu, ndi dung h>ng mqeh kien thuc; KN phan tfch co sd khoo hgc cua edc phdn k i l n thuc khdc nhou (nhu: dqy hgc hinh thdnh khdi niem, xdy d y n g cde edng thuc, quy tdc, tfnh chd't }
Q u d Kinh ren luyen KN phdn h'ch CI, SGK
mdn Todn d TH cdn duqe d i l n ra trong sud't khda hgc De phu hgp vdi Krng gioi doqn hgc tdp trong
CT ddo tqo SV, ehung tdi de xud't quy Kinh ren luyen kt ndng phdn tich CT, SGK mdn Todn d TH eho SV ngdnh GDTH nhu sou;
Giai dogn 1: Tim bidu CT gido dye phd thdng cd'p TH; CT Toan cao cdp, Toan sa cap, SGK mdn Toan a THderen luy$n kf ndng pbdn tich, gidi tbicb myc tiiu mdn bgc Gioi doqn
ndy dien ro Kong nhi/ng hqe ki ddu cua khda hqc, boo gdm nhi/ng hoqt ddng eo bdn sou:
1) Tim bieu CT gido dye phd thdng cdp TH
G V ydu cdu SV dgc edc tdi lieu ve CT TH vd nhgn
* Tnriing flai lioc Vinh
** Tnning tieu hoc Nghi flirc, TP Vinh - Nghe An
Trang 2ro k i t ludn: Trong CT mdi cuo mon Todn d TH da
dua vdo mot sd ndi dung cd nhieu irng dyng
trong hge tap vd ddi sdng; chdng hqn, phdn phdn
sd duge dua vdo hodn chinh hem so vdi CT eu;
cdc khdi nidm v l hinh binh hdnh, hinh thoi, hinh
Ky, hinh cdu vd mdt so y l u to thdng ke duqc dua
vdo trong CT phu hqp vdi trinh do nhqn thuc cua
HSTH; budc ddu giup HS Idm quen vd su dyng
mdy finh diing mi/c
2} Thdng qua cde hgc pbdn Todn eao cdp,
Todn so cap de nghien cuu CT, SGK mon Todn
d TH, mdi lien he gii/a ngi dung cdc mdn Todn
d trudng dgi hgc vdi ndi dung dgy hgc todn 6
TH CT SGK mdn Todn d TH duqe trinh bdy d y a
trdn tinh thdn, quan diem eOo Toon hqc coo edp,
Todn hqe hien d q i Do d d , sou khi hge xong ede
mdn Todn co bdn d trudng dgi hqe, SV edn thd'y
rd mdi lien he giua ndi dung edc mdn hqe vdi
ndi dung dqy hgc toan d TH Chdng hqn, fim
hieu de thd'y duqc vai trd cua If thuyet tap hqp
trong viec hinh thdnh khdi niem so ty nhien, hay
viec chu trgng den viec dgy hgc mot sd tfnh chd't
quan trgng cua phep cgng vd phep nhdn, mdi
quan he giira phep edng vd phep tru, phep nhdn
vd phep chia
3) Pbdn tich, gidi thich myc tieu mdn hgc SV
cdn phdn tieh, gidi thich mye hdu mdn Todn trong
CT TH d ede mat ve: kien thue, kt ndng, thdi do
Ddy Id CO sd quon Kgng, giup GV lya chgn dugc
ndi dung, phuong phdp, hinh thuc t d chuc dgy
hqe vd each thuc ddnh gid k i t qud hgc tdp cua
HS Trong CT, SGK Todn 1 , bude ddu d d gidi
thieu ede bdi hqe nhdm hinh thdnh nhung ktndng
dgc, v i l t , so sdnh cde sd; thyc hien ede phep cgng,
phep tru ede sd Kr nhidn
Giai dogn 2: Ren luyen KN phdn tich cau
true, muc tieu, ngi dung CT mdn Todn a TH
Giai doqn ndy dien ra Kong nhirng hqe ki giua
eua khda hqc, bao gdm cde hoqt ddng sou:
]) Pbdn tich cdu true ngi dung mdn Todn 6
TH G V yeu cdu SV khdo sdt CT SGK, tim h i l u
ed'u Kue tdng t h i not dung mdn Todn, phdn h'ch
chieu sdu cua tung mgch kien thde vd thdi lugng
ddnh cho mdi mqeh k i l n thire d d Chdng hgn,
SV phdn tfch vd nhdn thd'y ngi dung mdn Todn
ed md'i quan he chqt ehe vdi ede KN dgc, v i l t ,
tfnh todn, do ludng Q u d trinh gidi,todn nhdm
giup HS hinh thdnh vd phdt t r i l n cdc KN trong
hgc tdp
kien rfiuc Trong CT mdn Todn o T H , SV cdn phdn
fich de thd'y rd myc lieu day hoc duqc ey the hdo nhu the ndo Kong moi mgch k i l n ihi/c
Giai dogn 3: Ren luyen KN phdn tich ca
sa Idioa bgc cua lung bdi hgc trong CT, SGK
mdn Todn a TH Giai doqn ndy dien ro trong
nhi/ng hgc ki cudi eua khda hge, bao gom edc hogt dqng sou:
1) Tim hieu vd phdn logi cdc dgng bdi hgc trong CT, SGK mdn Todn d TH Giai dogn ndy,
G V ydu cdu ede em khdo sdt CT SGK tu Todn 1
ddn Todn 5 d l ndm bdt dqe diem, edu true, phan logi edc dgng bdi hgc, tCr d d Idm co sd eho viec lya ehqn phuong phdp dqy hge, quy trinh len Idp eho moi bdi hgc ey t h i
Vi dy: Trong SGK Todn 1 , cd cdc ndi dung
dqy hgc nhu: Hinh thdnh khdi niem so tu nhidn;
so sdnh vd xep thu tu edc sd'; thuc hien phep
edng, phep t r u trong phqm vi 100 M o i giai doqn day hqe Iqi co nhung diem gidng vd khdc nhou ve phuong p h d p , hinh thuc to chi/c dgy hqc Chdng h q n , khi dqy hqe hinh thdnh khdi niem cde sd tu nhidn h> 0 d i n 10 chO y l u duo vdo vide minh hqo v l «sd' luqng" eOa ede dd vqt, d i m que tinh Tuy nhidn, khi hinh thdnh khdi niem ede so' Idn hem 10 bdn eqnh quon d i l m bdn sd, HS bude ddu biet duqc vj tri cOo tung chif sd trong mdi so
2) Xde djnh eo so khoa hgc cbo ti/ng bdi hgc
Day Id KN ddi hdi SV phdi phdn tieh, tim hieu noi dung Krng bdi hge d l ndm vung tu tudng ehi dgo, edeh trinh bdy k i l n thi/e trong SGK Xdc dinh dung eo sd khoa hqe cOo bdi hqe, dqc biet
Id CO sd todn hgc gdp phdn giup G V lya chgn duqe k i l n thuc Kgng tdm, phuong phdp vd hinh thuc td chuc dgy hgc, x u If tdt cde finh hud'ng su phgm dien ra Kong g i d hgc
Vi dy: Dqy hgc bdi «Dien tich eua mdt hinh"
(Todn 3)
Tbeo quan d i l m Kyc gidc thi dien h'ch cuo mdt hinh id phdn hinh dd ehiem trong mdt phdng Dien tieh eua mot hinh ed ddy du cde tinh chd't cua mdt dgi lucmgvd hudng: so sdnh, edng duge
vd do duqc Hieu theo ttnh thdn d d , ed tfie hinh thdnh eho HS bieu tuqng v l dien tfeh thdng qua thao tde so sdnh, cdm nhdn tryc gide Kdn nhCrng hinh dnh ey the de riit ra edc nhqn xet: - Neu hinh chCr nhdt ndm hodn todn Kong hinh trdn, to ndi:
dien tich hinh cbu nhgt be ban dien tfch binh trdn;
Trang 3duqe tdch thdnh hinh M gdm 6 d w d n g
vd hinh N gdm 4 d vudng thi ta n d i :
di$n tich binh P bSng tdng di$n tfch
hinh M vd hinh N
4 D l x u d ' t m d t sd' b i d n p h d p
t h y e h i e n
Ren luyen KN phdn tfeh CT, SGK mdn
Todn ddi hdi SV phdi ren luyen trong
sud't qud trinh hgc tap d trudng su phgm
Do d d , SV edn t i l n hdnh nhi/ng hogt
ddng ren luyen 6 mdi giai dogn tuong
ung trong q u d trinh hge tdp ede mdn
Todn CO bdn, chuyen de ty chqn ehuydn
sdu vd cdc hgc phdn ve PPDH todn Bdn
eqnh viec ren luyen KN phdn tfch CT, SGK
mdn Todn cho SV Kong trudng su phqm,
edn phdi hgp vdi cdc Kudng TH de duo
ndi dung ndy vdo qud trinh SV thue tap,
gdp phdn ddnh gid v d cung c d KN md
SV d d tfch luy duqc trong cd khda hqc
Tdm Igi, viec hinh thdnh vd ren luyen
KN phdn tfch CT, SGK mdn Todn d TH
cho SV Id rd't edn thief, bdi d d y Id mdt
KN quan trqng Kong he thdng K N d q y
hqe mdn Todn theo ehudn nghe nghiep
eOo G V TH hidn nay Q
T i i lieu tham khao
1 Chu Thi ThuJ An R^n luyin cdc kl ndng
dgy hge mdn Tiing Viil cho sinh viin ngdnh
gido due tigu hgc DS tJii ctfp BO, Vinh, 2010
2 Nguyfin Thi Chau Giang Tdng eudng mSi
liin hi su phgm giua ndi dung dgy hgc Li
thuyit tdp hop vd Logic, cdu true dgi sdvdi
ndi dung dgy hgc sdhgc d tiiu hgc cho sinh
viin ngdnh gido due tiiu hgc & edc trudng
dgi hgc Luan an ti^n sT, Vinh, 2009
3 D6 Dinh Hoan M5t s6 van de cu ban ciia
chwmg trinh tieu hoc moi NXB Gido due
H.2002
4 D6 Dinh Hoan (chii bien) Toan 1, Toan 3
NXB Gido rf«c,H 2007
SUMMAIJY
Skill of analyzing syllabus and textbook is
an Important skill that teachers should have
The article proposes the process for training
that skill forfi^athematics teachers and some
Implementation measures
Ren luyen ve lap luan plian tich
(Tiep tbeo trang 37) dugc hung thij cho HS, khdng phdt huy dugc tfnh tfeh eye
hqc tap cua HS •
Tii li#u tham khdo
1 Nguyen Trong Bau - Nguyen Quang Ninh - Tr^ Ngoc Them
Ngfi phdp van ban va vi«c day Lam vin NXB Gido due,
H 1985
2 Dinh Cao - Le A Lim vin, tap 1 NXB Gido due, H 1991
3 NguySn Quang Ninh (chu biSn) - NguySn Thi Ban - Trin
Hiju Phong Luyen each Idp luan trong doan vSn nghi ludn
cho hoc sinh pho thong NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ndi 2000
4 Phan Trong Luan (chu bien) - Nguyen XuSn Nam - Le A
Ldm van 11 NXB Gido due H 2000
5 Bao Quy^n Ren ki ndng Idm van nghi luan NXB Gido due,
H.2001
6 Phan Trong Luan (t6ng chu biSn) Ngff van 11, tap l.NXB
Gido diic.H 2Q0S
SUMMARY
Articles to help the students understand how the argument analysis, the Important role of analytical reasoning tasks In writing the argument, understand the purpose, requirements, contents of operation argument analysis; identify actions up, issue review the political, social or literature
Nang cao nang lye
(Tiep //)eo trang 46)
Di nang cao ndng luc nhdn thirc eho HS Kong DH bdi
«Kieu x d u " , GV cdn neu mye dfch DH, cdch khai bdo, cdc thao tde x u If xdu Dde biet, thdng qua mot so vf dy, GV edn dua ra cdch xdc djnh, xay dung thugt todn, k i l m thu chuong trinh thdng quo vide nhgp dir lieu, k i t qud hien tren mdn hinh; nhung Idi nhgn xet cuo GV phdi sdt vdi tung bdi todn, tCrng chuong Kinh; chi khi dd mdi phdt huy duqc tinh tfch cue trong hgc tdp, ren luydn kt ndng kt xdo thyc hdnh fin hge cho HS, ndng eao hieu qud DH kieu xdu
ndi ridng v d DH idp trinh ndi chung Q
Tdi lieu tham khdo 1.1 F Kharlamov Phdt huy h'nh tich cue hoc tdp cua hoc sinh
nhirthe ndo NXB Gidoduc H 1978
2 H6 Si Dam (chu bien) Tin hoc 11 NXB Gido due H 2006
3 Tran Doan Vinh "M^t sCi Iuu y khi day phdn:"Mang mOt
chilu" trong Tin hpc 11" Tgp chi Gido due, s6 206/2009
SUMMARY
The author discusses problems in teaching the lesson 'String type'(I Ith grade Informatics)-String type data, steps of solving problems of string type data and some specific examples
Tap chi Giao due s6 2 7 7 (in i - vaoia)