REN lUYEN VE LAP EUAN PHAN TICH TRHNG VAN NGHI EUAN GtiQ flQE mn TRUNG HBE PHB Tfl^NG O ThS C A O KlEU KHANH" 1 Dqy hgc thoo tdc Idp luqn phdn tfch (TTLLPT) theo quan diem tieh cue 1) Myc ti$u cua nhd[.]
Trang 1REN lUYEN VE LAP EUAN PHAN TICH TRHNG VAN NGHI EUAN
GtiQ flQE mn TRUNG HBE PHB Tfl^NG
O ThS C A O KlEU K H A N H "
1 D q y hgc thoo tdc I d p l u q n p h d n tfch
(TTLLPT) theo q u a n d i e m tieh cue
1) Myc ti$u cua nhdm bdi dgy bgc TTLLPT
Lap ludn pbdn tieh (LLPT) Id mdt trong nhi/ng
thao tdc thuqe nhdm cde thoo tdc lap ludn cuo
vdn nghj ludn Ddy Id thoo tdc duqc hgc ddu tien
Kong phdn l d m vdn, cy the Id bdi (tTTl^LPT" ( N g u
vdn 11), vdi myc tieu nhdm giOp HS: - Hieu duqe
the ndo Id LLPT vd vai trd quan Kgng cuo TTLLPT
trong viec Idm vdn nghj ludn Ndm duqe mye
dfch, yeu cdu, ndi dung chinh eua TTLLPT; cdch
thuc Hen hdnh TTLLPT trong bdi vdn nghj ludn;
nhqn dien ducrc TTLLPT trong khi doe - nieu vdn
bdn; biet phdn tieh mot vd'n de chfnh trj, xd hqi
hoqc van hqe; - Cung ed vung ehdc vd ndng cao
hon nhung tri thue v l TTLLPT vd cdch thyc hien
thao tac d d trong Idm vdn nghj luqn; biet vdn
dyng thao tac phdn tfch trong viec viet mot doqn
vdn, bdi vdn nghj ludn; - Tren co sd d d , tich luy
duqe nhung kinh nghiem edn t h i l t v l cdch thue
tien hdnh TTLLPT, g o p phdn hinh thdnh thdi quen
phdn tieh vd LLPT khi viet mdt bdi vdn nghj ludn d
nhd trudng cung nhu Kong cugc sd'ng sou ndy
2) Ngi dung dgy hoc TTLLPT
Trgng tdm cua chuong trinh tdm vdn nghi ludn
d Ic^o 11 Id cdc thao tac lap lugn; phdn h'ch, so
sdnh, bdc bd vd binh ludn Trong d d , TTLLPT cd
vai trd rdt quan Kgng, co mdt trong td't cd edc
thao tde nghi ludn, cdc kieu nghi luqn Phdn tfch
Id mot Kong nhCrng thao tac Idp luqn duqc van
dyng thudng xuyen d nhieu Itnh vye cuo euqe
sd'ng, giup eon ngudi di sdu vdo hien tugng, su
vide nhdm fim hieu, khdm phd vd nhdn biet bdn
chdt eija sy vdt, hien tugng d o N h u vgy, ddy Id
mdt thao tde euo tu duy ndi ehung chCr khdng
phdi ridng cho mot linh vuc ndo
Trong viec dgy hgc t d m vdn (Chuong trinh vd
SGK trudc ddy) coi thao tde ndy Id mdt k i l u b d i :
phdn tfeh tdc phdm van hgc, phdn tfch nhdn vdt,
phdn tfeh mot vdn d l vdn hgc su hoqc If ludn vdn
hgc Quon niem ndy de ddn den cdch h i l u hqn
hep ve LLPT, nen khdng phdt huy dugc ndng lye phdn tich d nhieu linh vyc khdc nhau Chuong trinh vd SGK mdi chu truong dgy LLPT nhu mot riiao tdc chung, nhdm hinh thdnh vd ren luyen thoo tdc ndy cho HS mot cdch da dgng, phong phu vd todn dien hon Su phong phu, da dgng the hien d dd'i h/gng, phgm vi vd cdch thuc phdn tich (khong ehi Id edc nien tuong vdn hgc md cdn
Id cde vd'n de tren nhieu Itnh vyc khdc, nhu: tu h/dng, Hnh cdm, dgo due, vdn hod, dja If, ljch su ) Nhi/ng cdch phdn tich ndy cung khdng ehi
bd hep trong mot hudng Id di sdu chia tdch dd'i
tugng ro thdnh nhieu bg phdn de xem xet md
cdn neu len nhCrng hudng phdn tich khdc nhu: phdn tich bdng each neu djnh nghta; ehf ra nguyen nhdn - k i t q u d ; gidng g i d i , edt nghta,
binh g i d O ddy, cdn Iuu y, moi thao tdc Idp
luqn ed t h i dung dgc lap thdnh mdt phep !qp ludn Idn, nhung cung cd khi d mot cd'p d d nhd hon, Igi Id phucmg Hen cho mot phep Idp lugn
khde Chdng hqn, cde thao tac gidi thich, ehung minh, so sdnh, bde bd trong trudng hqp ey t h i
ndo d d , deu cd the thugc LLPT
Noi dung trqng tdm cua bdi hqc ndy gdm;
- Mye dich, yeu cdu cua TTLLPT Cdn giiJp hgc
sinh (HS} ndm dugc: Phdn tfch Id chia nhd dd'i h/gng thdnh cdc yeu t d de xem xet kt ngi dung, hinh thuc vd md'i quan he bdn trong cung nhu bdn ngodi cOo chung; phdn tieh bao g i d eOng gdn lien vdi tdng hgp (do Id ban ehd't eua thoo tdc phdn tfch trong van nghj ludn)
- Cdc cdcA phdn tich LLPT nhdm Idm rd mdt y
kien, mdt ket luqn ve mot phuong dien, hoqc mdt vd'n de, bdng each dung thao tdc phdn tieh chia
y k i l n , k i t ludn d d ra thdnh tung mdt, tung phdn,
de ed t h i xem xet tudng tdn, kt luong Ngodi cdch phdn tfch quen thugc Id « chia nhd ddi tugng rfidn/i cdc yeu td, bd phdn de xem xet" v l
nhCrng vd'n de trong ddi sd'ng, nhu; phdn tfch de bdi, phdn tfch cdc thdnh phdn hdo hgc, phdn h'ch
* Tracing THPT Quang Wi, Vinh Pliuc
Trang 2c h i a m q t s u v d t , s y vide, vdn de thdnh edc phdn
nhd de xem xet can ke, ehi tiet nhdm myc dfch
nhqn thuc duqe chung mot each dung d d n , sdu
sde hon Nhung vdi vdn nghj ludn, phdn tfch cdn
phdi d y a vdo nhi/ng Idp lugn cy the de Idm sdng
to vdn de
Trong, bdi «TTLLPT" (Ngir v d n 11} cdn neu
len mdt so edeh phdn tfeh khde nhu: phdn logi
dd'i Krqng; lien he, ddi chieu; nguyen nhdn - ket
q u d ; edt nghta, binh g i d
- Pbdn logi ddi tugng Ngudi v i l t edn cu vdo
mdt tieu ehi ndo dd de phan loqi cdc doi tuqng,
sy vdt khdc nhau thdnh ede nhdm c6 eCing dqc
diem, tinh chdt nhdmkhu biet duge sy vdt, hien
tuqng ndy vdi sy vdt, hien Krqng khdc V i dy, khi
noi ve «Su tdc oai tdc qudi cua ddng tien trong
xd hdi truyen Kieu" (Hodi Thanh todn tdp), SGK
NgCr v d n 11 su dyng Id'i phdn tich theo md'i quan
he ngi bq dd'i tugng: DiSng tien v&a cd nbung
mat tdt, vua ed nhung mat xd'u
- Lien be, ddi chieu Khi so sdnh dd'i chieu,
phdi di sdu vdo tung bq phdn hoqc phuong dien
(tieu ehi) cua sy vdt, hien hremg de chf ra sy gid'ng
vd khde nhou, md'i lien he giira cde su vdt, hien
tuqng d d CiJng d ngCr lieu Ken, khi ndi ve tdc dyng
td't cua ddng Hen, toe gid dd duo ra nhirng lien he
cy t h i «C6 tiin, Tbue Sinh, Tu Hdi mdi chudc dugc
Kieu, Kieu mdi cuu dugc cha vd sau ndy bdo dugc
on cbo ngudi ndy, ngudi ng Dd Id nbung khi dong
tien nam trong toy ngudi tdf; tdc gid ddi chieu
voi tdc hgi cua ddng tien: «Quan Igi vi tien md bdt
chdp edng li; sai nha vi tiin md tra tdn cha eon
Vuong Ong; TO Bd, Md Gidm Sinh, Bgc Bd, Bgc
Hgnh vi tiin, md Idm nghe budn thjt bdn ngudi;
Sd Kbanb vi tien md tdng tan luong tdm; Khuyen,
Ung Vi tiin md Idm nhung diiu dgi de"
- Nguyen nbdn - kit qud Mdt sy vdt, hien
Krqng bao g i d cung Id k i t qud ciJa mdt hoy nhieu
nguyen nhdn ndo d d Chi ra nguydn nhdn cung
Id phdn h'ch, edt nghta ngudn gdc tgo ndn cd'u
tgo, dde diem, tfnh chd't cua mdt sy vdt, hien
Krong Trong ngir lidu trdn, tde gid dd dua ro
mot loqt nhung hdnh dgng gion de, bdt chfnh
d i u do su chi phdi eua ddng H i n (gidi thich
nguydn nhdn} vd de rdi di den mdt k i t luqn «Cd
mot xd bdi cbgy theo ddng tien" (ket qud)
- Cat nghTa, binb gid N g u d i viet (ndi) di sdu
vdo mot su vqt, hien tuqng di gidng g i d i , cat
nghta ve dgc d i l m , cdu tgo hay tinh chd't eua
sy vdt, hien hjgng do tren n h i l u yeu t d vd binh
ve dep vd gid K| cuo sy vdt, hien tugng do Ken nhieu yeu to vd binh dien khde nhau V i dy, tde
gid dd duo ro nhirng Idi binh gid: «D6ng tien co
bd dd thdnh mdt the lye vgn ndng Tdi hoa, nhan sde, tinh nghTa, nhdn phdm, edng li deu khdng cdn cd nghTa gi truac the luc eua dong tien Tdi tinh bieu hgnh nbu Kieu cung eb! Id mdt mdn hdng khdng hem khdng kem Ngay Kieu nua, edi viec dgi dot nhdt, tgi loi nhdt trong sud't cugc ddi ndng, cdi viee ngbe Idi Hd Tdn Hiin khuyen Tu Hdi ra hdng, mdt phdn cung bdi xieu Idng vi nggc vdng cua Ho Tdn Hien "
Viec phdn chia ro rdng se giOp HS d i nhgn dien duqc cdc cdch phdn tich cy t h i , trdn thyc te, nhirng edeh d d duqe dan edi vdi nhau trong qud Kinh tgo Idp vdn bdn
2 Q u y trinh d g y hgc b d i li thuyet TTLLPT
/ ) Yeu cau cua viec dgy bgc theo quy trinh TTLLPT Id mot ndi dung hodn todn mdi, chua
dugc trinh bdy cy t h i trong cdc tdi lieu, cdc gido trinh ve t d m vdn; trong SGK ndi dung ndy cung chi dugc trinh bdy theo hudng ggi md Vi vqy, Kong qud trinh to chirc dqy hgc, ddi hdi gido vidn (GV) phdi td chuc dgy theo mot quy Kinh khoa hge, hgp li de HS cd the ndm dugc Ki thue mot edeh ey the De Idm dugc d i l u d d , theo chung tdi,
GV cdn ddm bdo nhCmg yeu cdu sou: phdi trinh bdy ey the ve khdi niem TTLLPT; phdi chi rd dugc vai Kd, myc dich, ydu edu euo viec su dyng TTLLPT Kong qud Kinh tgo Idp vdn bdn Cy the, GV phdi ehi ro duqc dgc diem eo bdn cOo TTLLPT Kong ngu lieu; neu rd mdi quan he git/a thao tde Idp lugn vdi thao tdc tdng hgp Kong qud Kinh Kien Idioi ngi dung nghj ludn, Kr dd thdy dugc tdc dyng eOo hai thao tdc ndy trong qud trinh t h i hien ngi dung nghi ludn; phdi ehi rd each thuc thuc hien thao tac ndy de HS cd ca sd vdn dyng vdo thuc hdnh; phdi Kinh bdy ndi dung mot cdch hgp li, logic, ddm bdo tfnh khoa hgc, vi ddy id thoo tdc cua tu duy logic, nen phdi thyc hien theo nhirng ydu cdu hoqc
theo Kinh Kr cuo qud Kinh tu duy; Di thye hien dqy
thao tdc lap ludn hay bdt kl mdt thao tdc ndo khdc, yeu cdu trudc nhdt phdi bdm sdt vdo ngir lieu ey
t h i dugc dua ra Kong SGK Tir vide xem xet, nghien eCru ngir lieu, se fim dugc nhCmg dgc d i l m co bdn eua TTLLPT, Krddddn hinh thdnh khdi ni&n vlTTUFT cho HS Ddng thdi, cd the chi ra duqc tdc dyng eua viec su dyng TTLIFT, cdch thue fien hdnh, cdch thue trinh.bdy thao tdc ndy trong qud trinh t r i l n khai ngi dung nghj luqn
Trang 3cdu CO b d n , khi td ehue dgy thao tde ndy eho HS,
ndn to ehCre theo mot quy Kinh gdm ede budc:
-Tim hieu noi dung, xdc djnh rd voi K d , vj tri, dqc
d i l m CO b d n , edeh thuc hien, cdch trinh bdy euo
TTLLPT trong bdi vdn nghi luqn; - Bdm sdt ngu
lieu Kong SGK, eo t h i fim them mot sd ngu lieu
Wide hay chgn mot ngi/ lieu Hdu bieu nha't, the
hien rd nhd't nham phyc vy dde lye eho vide dgy
hge ndi dung TTLLPT vd td ehue thyc hdnh; - G V
thiet k l gido dn chi tiet, cy the (gido dn edng cy
the, chi tid't bao nhidu thi vide td chuc dqy hgc
edng thuqn Igi bd'y nhieu) Trong gido d n , phdi
t h i hien ro phuong hudng, quon d i l m td chire
dqy hge, cdc ngi dung cdn cung cdp eho HS Cy
the, Kong bdi dgy cy t h i , ehung tdi td chuc dgy
theo hudng tfeh hqp vdi ede k i l n thuc ve phdn
tieh, thao tdc lap ludn md HS dd duqe hge d cdc
Idp d u d i ; tich hqp voi vdn bdn van hqc nhdm
phdt huy Hnh tfch eye, chu dqng fim k i l m kien
thirc eua HS
Sou td't cd nhung bude ehudn bj d Kdn, G V
tien hdnh t d ehuc dgy cho HS, ddy Id edng vide
thyc thi gido dn nhdm cung edp tri thue cho HS
Khi t d chuc dgy TTLLPT, G V nen thuc hien theo
trinh tu sou:
- Cung cd'p ngir lieu d d cd Kong SGK vd ydu
cdu HS dgc ede ngCr lidu d d
- Huong dan HS phdn tfch ngir lieu thu nhd't
trong Mycldha'i «TTLLPT"va bdm sdt vdo nhi/ng
edu hdi gql y Tu vide phdn tfch ngCr lieu, HS se
rOt ra dugc khdi niem ve phdn tfch, dua ro ket
ludn thu nhd't trong mye «Ghi nho" Tu d d , se
ndm duqe myc dich, dqc diem ve noi dung, hinh
tht/c, cd'u true vd cdc md'i quan he ben trong, ben
ngodi euo dd'i Krqng Ddy Id eo sd de ehi ra dugc
nhung dgc diem eo bdn eua TTLLPT V i dy: Khi
noi ve So Kbanb, Id ke bdn thiu, bdn tien, dgi
dien eua syddi bgi trong xd hdi Truyen Kieu, tdc
gid dd duo ra nhirng luqn diem phdn tfch d l
thuyet phye ngudi dqc: + So Khanh thugc vdo sd
nhung ke sdng bang «ngbe" bdm vdo nbd chua;
+ Nhung bdn toi tdn hon nbung ke cung nghi a
su gid ddi, dgi lot nhd nho, hiep khdch de lua
ggt; + So Kbanb lua ggt Thuy Kiiu, ngudi con
gdi hieu thdo, dd het Idng tin ban, dgi on hdn; +
So Khanh lua ggt Kiiu khien ndng edng kbdnhye
ban; + Dd the ban Igi cdn vdc mat mo trd Igi,
mang Kiiu vd dinh ddnh Kiiu
diem trdn vd dua ra k i t ludn: So Kbanb Id su the bien 6 muc cao nhdt thyc te ddi bgi cua xd hgi phong kien suy tdn N h u vdy, tdc gid dd Idm edng vide phdn tfeh, vdi ddy du y nghta cua tir
phdn tich
- O doqn trieh Ken, cdc luqn cu dua ra nhdm Idm sdng td luqn d i l m v l sy xd'u xa, bi di euo nhdn vdt Sd Khanh Cde If le dugc td chuc, sdp xe'p mot cdch hqp If, theo trinh h/ tdng tien, tu mirc do thd'p den cao, vd ludn d i l m cudi cung se hodn todn sdng td
- Sou khi d d hinh thdnh duqc khdi niem, G V Hep hjc cho HS phdn tieh, fim hieu sdu hon ngir lieu de thd'y dugc tdc dyng eua TTLLPT trong vdn
nghi luqn G V ydu cdu HS dgc lgi ngu lieu dMyc
I vd ngu lieu tbu nhd't d Myc II de fim ra cdch thuc
hien thoo tdc phdn tfch G V huong ddn HS fim
h i l u xem ngudi viet dd su dyng li ie vd ddn chung
nhu the ndo d l Idm sdng td luqn diem, tu dd njt
ra dugrc ket ludn thu hai vd tbu ba trong myc
«Gbi nha", giup HS ndm duqc edeh thyc hien
thao tac; hieu duqe md'i quon he chgt che grCro thao tdc phdn tfeh vd thao tdc tong hqp; phdn tfeh Id chia nho ddi tuqng de xem xet thi tdng hqp id gom Igi, khdi qudt Igi vdn de de ndng vd'n
de Idn mot tdm eao hon Vf d y , d ngu lieu thu nhdt, Mye II (NgOi van 11), sou khi ndu nhirng
ddn ehung ve su tdc o a i , tde qudi cua ddng tien, tdc gid dd di den mdt sy khdi qudt ve sue mgnh euo ddng fien, thdi d o , cdch hdnh x u cuo ede tdng Idp xd hgi dd'i vdi ddng tien vd thdi do cua
tdc g i d : «Cho nen ndi den ddng tien, pbdn nbiiu Nguyen Du cd gigng hdn bgc vd kbinh bi ",
- Cho HS luyen tap thdng quo nhirng bdi tdp
trong SGK de cung c d thdm v l each thuc hien TTLLPT Kong vdn nghj ludn vd budc ddu dp dyng thao tdc ndy vdo vide thye hdnh viet mdt dogn vdn, bdi vdn nghj luqn
Dd* to ehue d q y hge TTLLPT, cd the thuc hien theo quy trinh trdn, song cdn vdn dyng linh hogt, sao cho ddm b d o duge ydu cdu cua vide d g y hgc Tren ddy, chiing toi chf duo ra mdt phucmg
d n chung de d g y hqc thoo tdc ndy, cdn tuy
v d o t u n g dd'i tuqng khdc nhau md chung ta chgn quy trinh d q y phu h g p , khdng ndn d q y hqc mot cdch go b d , khien eudng, khdng tqo
(Xem tiep trang 43)
Trang 4duqe tdch thdnh hinh M gdm 6 d w d n g
vd hinh N gdm 4 d vudng thi ta n d i :
di$n tich binh P bSng tdng di$n tfch
hinh M vd hinh N
4 D l x u d ' t m d t sd' b i d n p h d p
t h y e h i e n
Ren luyen KN phdn tfeh CT, SGK mdn
Todn ddi hdi SV phdi ren luyen trong
sud't qud trinh hgc tap d trudng su phgm
Do d d , SV edn t i l n hdnh nhi/ng hogt
ddng ren luyen 6 mdi giai dogn tuong
ung trong q u d trinh hge tdp ede mdn
Todn CO bdn, chuyen de ty chqn ehuydn
sdu vd cdc hgc phdn ve PPDH todn Bdn
eqnh viec ren luyen KN phdn tfch CT, SGK
mdn Todn cho SV Kong trudng su phqm,
edn phdi hgp vdi cdc Kudng TH de duo
ndi dung ndy vdo qud trinh SV thue tap,
gdp phdn ddnh gid v d cung c d KN md
SV d d tfch luy duqc trong cd khda hqc
Tdm Igi, viec hinh thdnh vd ren luyen
KN phdn tfch CT, SGK mdn Todn d TH
cho SV Id rd't edn thief, bdi d d y Id mdt
KN quan trqng Kong he thdng K N d q y
hqe mdn Todn theo ehudn nghe nghiep
eOo G V TH hidn nay Q
T i i lieu tham khao
1 Chu Thi ThuJ An R^n luyin cdc kl ndng
dgy hge mdn Tiing Viil cho sinh viin ngdnh
gido due tigu hgc DS tJii ctfp BO, Vinh, 2010
2 Nguyfin Thi Chau Giang Tdng eudng mSi
liin hi su phgm giua ndi dung dgy hgc Li
thuyit tdp hop vd Logic, cdu true dgi sdvdi
ndi dung dgy hgc sdhgc d tiiu hgc cho sinh
viin ngdnh gido due tiiu hgc & edc trudng
dgi hgc Luan an ti^n sT, Vinh, 2009
3 D6 Dinh Hoan M5t s6 van de cu ban ciia
chwmg trinh tieu hoc moi NXB Gido due
H.2002
4 D6 Dinh Hoan (chii bien) Toan 1, Toan 3
NXB Gido rf«c,H 2007
SUMMAIJY
Skill of analyzing syllabus and textbook is
an Important skill that teachers should have
The article proposes the process for training
that skill forfi^athematics teachers and some
Implementation measures
Ren luyen ve lap luan plian tich
(Tiep tbeo trang 37) dugc hung thij cho HS, khdng phdt huy dugc tfnh tfeh eye
hqc tap cua HS •
Tii li#u tham khdo
1 Nguyen Trong Bau - Nguyen Quang Ninh - Tr^ Ngoc Them
Ngfi phdp van ban va vi«c day Lam vin NXB Gido due,
H 1985
2 Dinh Cao - Le A Lim vin, tap 1 NXB Gido due, H 1991
3 NguySn Quang Ninh (chu biSn) - NguySn Thi Ban - Trin
Hiju Phong Luyen each Idp luan trong doan vSn nghi ludn
cho hoc sinh pho thong NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ndi 2000
4 Phan Trong Luan (chu bien) - Nguyen XuSn Nam - Le A
Ldm van 11 NXB Gido due H 2000
5 Bao Quy^n Ren ki ndng Idm van nghi luan NXB Gido due,
H.2001
6 Phan Trong Luan (t6ng chu biSn) Ngff van 11, tap l.NXB
Gido diic.H 2Q0S
SUMMARY
Articles to help the students understand how the argument analysis, the Important role of analytical reasoning tasks In writing the argument, understand the purpose, requirements, contents of operation argument analysis; identify actions up, issue review the political, social or literature
Nang cao nang lye
(Tiep //)eo trang 46)
Di nang cao ndng luc nhdn thirc eho HS Kong DH bdi
«Kieu x d u " , GV cdn neu mye dfch DH, cdch khai bdo, cdc thao tde x u If xdu Dde biet, thdng qua mot so vf dy, GV edn dua ra cdch xdc djnh, xay dung thugt todn, k i l m thu chuong trinh thdng quo vide nhgp dir lieu, k i t qud hien tren mdn hinh; nhung Idi nhgn xet cuo GV phdi sdt vdi tung bdi todn, tCrng chuong Kinh; chi khi dd mdi phdt huy duqc tinh tfch cue trong hgc tdp, ren luydn kt ndng kt xdo thyc hdnh fin hge cho HS, ndng eao hieu qud DH kieu xdu
ndi ridng v d DH idp trinh ndi chung Q
Tdi lieu tham khdo 1.1 F Kharlamov Phdt huy h'nh tich cue hoc tdp cua hoc sinh
nhirthe ndo NXB Gidoduc H 1978
2 H6 Si Dam (chu bien) Tin hoc 11 NXB Gido due H 2006
3 Tran Doan Vinh "M^t sCi Iuu y khi day phdn:"Mang mOt
chilu" trong Tin hpc 11" Tgp chi Gido due, s6 206/2009
SUMMARY
The author discusses problems in teaching the lesson 'String type'(I Ith grade Informatics)-String type data, steps of solving problems of string type data and some specific examples
Tap chi Giao due s6 2 7 7 (in i - vaoia)