D A N H G I A CUA SINH VIEN TROONG OAI HOC SO PHAM HA NO! • I I • VE KT NANG ONG PHO CUA BAN THAN VOI CAC KHO KHAN TAM LY TRONG HOAT DONG REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU SO PHAM TS Nguy§n Thj Hu6 Tnfdng dai hgc S[.]
Trang 1D A N H G I A CUA SINH VIEN
TROONG OAI HOC SO PHAM HA NO!
• I I •
VE KT NANG ONG PHO CUA BAN THAN
VOI CAC KHO KHAN TAM LY TRONG
HOAT DONG REN LUYEN
NGHIEP VU SO PHAM
TS Nguy§n Thj Hu6
Tnfdng dai hgc Sit phgm lid Ngi
1 D$t van de
Trong thuc tidn cudc sd'ng, bdt ky mdt hoat ddng nao ciia con ngudi cung ddu gap phai nhirng khd khan nhdl djnh Nhumg khd khan, dac biet la nhiing khd khan tam ly (KKTL) lam xudt hidn nhimg hien lupng tieu cue, gay sdc, choang, met mdi, lam mat phuong hudng boat dpng, anh hudng xau dd'n cha't lupng va hidu qua cdng vide Ndu con ngudi khdng biet each khdc phuc nhimg khd khan gap phai thi se khdng vupt qua dupc hoac neu cd \'Upl qua thi hieu qua cdng vide cung khdng cao, dac bidl la khi lam quen vdi boat ddng mdi, mdi trudng mdi Ndi each khac, con ngudi phai cd kha nang iing phd vdi cac khd khan, trong dd cd KKTL mdi cd thd tdn lai va phat tridn
Ung phd dugc hieu Id sit cd gdng cd trong hdnh ddng vd vi mat tdm ly
de kiem sodt nhiing ddi Iwi ciia mdi trudng cilng nhu ben trong ca the vd cdc xung dot Nhu vay, khai nidm ling phd bao trum mdt pham vi rdng, bao gdm ca
nhirng iing phd ndi tam trudc hoan canh xay ra (suy nghT, tinh cam) va nhung hanh ddng ben ngoai nhdm dap lai ydu cdu cua hoan canh Y nghTa tam ly ciia
urng phd d chd: Lam thd' nao 66 con ngudi thich iing nhanh chong vdi nhihig
ydu cdu ciia hoan canh, cho phep hp ndm bdt va lam chii chiing, lam cho con ngudi thoat khdi hoac lam quen vdi chiing va bdng each dd cai hda dupc nhung
tac ddng gay stress cua hoan canh D6 dupc nhu vay, con ngudi cdn phai cd cac
ky nang ting phd ( K N U P ) va ren luyen chung ngay cang td't hon KNUP Id khd
42 TAP CHf TAM Ly HpC, Sd 11 (152), 11 201
Trang 2ndng van dung kien thdc de gidi quyet cd kit qud nhiing tinh hudng, hodn canh
bdt thu&ng vd khd khdn
Trong qua trinh hpc tap d trudng su pham, ngudi sinh vidn phai tham gia
nhidu boat ddng khac nhau, trong dd cd boat ddng ren luyen nghidp vu su pham
(RLNVSP) de trd thanh ngudi thdy giao tuong lai Trong qua trinh dd, ngudi
sinh vidn khdng tranh khdi phai ddi mat vdi cac khd khan, trong dd cd KKTL
va hp phai tim each vupt qua chung KKTL trong boat ddng RLNVSP chinh
la td hpp cac thudc tinh, cac trang thai tam ly, cac dac didm nhan each lam
cho chii thd khdng phat huy dupc nang lire va cac ky nang su pham, do dd
han che kdt qua ren luyen KNU'P v&i nhiing KKTL trong RLNVSP Id khd
ndng van dung kidn thiic de logi bd nhung dgc diem tdm ly cd nhdn vd kiiu
hdnh vi img xu khdng phu hgp vdi ndi dung, dd'i tugng vd muc dich RLNVSP
Vide nghidn curu thuc trang KNI/P vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vidn trong
hoat ddng RLNVSP 6i tim ra bidn phap giup hp khdc phuc hidu qua ban cac
KKTL la het siic cdn thidt, nhdm gdp phdn nang cao chat lupng dao tao giao
vidn d cac trudng su pham
2 Khach the va dia ban nghien ciru
Nghien ciiu nay dupc lien hanh d Trudng dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi, la
trudng dai hpc trpng didm, ddu nganh ciia he thd'ng cac trudng su pham nudc
ta, la trung tam ldn nhat vd dao tao giao vidn va nghidn ciiu khoa hpc giao due,
la noi dao tao ngudn nhan luc chdt lupng cao phuc vu su phat tridn ddt nudc
Chiing tdi da tidn hanh nghien ciiu trdn 466 sinh vidn K57 ciia khoa
Toan (222 sinh vidn) va khoa Van (244 sinh vidn) Day la hai khoa dupc xem
cd tinh dai dien cho sinh vidn cua hai khdi tu nhidn va xa hdi Khoa Van va
khoa Toan la hai khoa ldn nhat ciia trudng, cd bd day ljch sir cung vdi lich sii
nha trudng Sinh vidn K57 la sinh vidn lot nghiep vao thang 6 nam 2011 Chiing
tdi da tie'n hanh nghien ciiu trong sud't khda hpc cua khda sinh vidn nay vd
nhidu khia canh, nhu do cac chi sd tri tue va mdi quan he giira chiing vdi kdt
qua hoc tap, mure dp thich iing trong RLNVSP va cac KNU'P vdi cac KKTL
trong RLNVSP
3 Noi dung va ket qua nghien ciiu
De tim hieu thuc trang vd KNU'P vdi nhung KKTL trong vide RLNVSP
ciia sinh vidn, chiing tdi da dua ra 7 ky nang iing vdi 7 budc trong qua trinh giai
quye't cac khd khan ndi chung
1 Ky ndng nhdn thdc, ddnh gid: Nhan thiic dupc nhirng KKTL ciia ban
than trong boat dpng RLNVSP, thdy dupc dupc nhuiig anh hudng ciia nd dd'n
ke't qua RLNVSP va dd'n trinh dd chuydn mdn nghidp vu ciia ngudi giao vien
sau nay
TAP CHI TAM Ly HpC, S6 11 (152), 11 - 2011 43
Trang 32 Ky ndng thu thdp thdng tin: Thu thap thdng tin tir cac ngudn khac
nhau nhu: dpc sach bao, truy cap internet, tham khao y kidn ban be, thdy cd
dd cd nhiirng hieu biet vd cac KKTL ban than gap phai trong RLNVSP
3 Ky ndng phdn tich cdc phii(/ng dn dng phd: Lidt kd cac phuong an
khac phuc khd khan cd the cd Phan tich nhirng cai lpi va cai hai, uu, nhupc didm cua lirng phuong an gia trj va yd'u id cam xiic ciia lirng phuong an lira chpn Trong budc nay nhai Ihiet phai sir dung ky nang phan tich, tu duy phd phan, xac dinh gia trj, tim kiem su giup do
4 Ky ndng lua chgn cdc phiicmg dn iing phd: Lua chpn each giai quyet
ldi nhai ddi vdi ban than 6 day phai sii dung ky nang so sanh, can nhdc gia trj, tuduy sang lao
5 Ky ndng ra quyet dinh: 0 day sinh vidn phai sir dung ky nang tir chdi
thuang thuyet, iing phd vdi ddi tupng mud'n ru re lam theo y hp, quye't djnh theo phuang an minh da lira chpn
6 Ky ndng thuc hien cdc phuong dn: Kidn dinh thuc hidn cac phuong an
ma minh da lira chpn mdt each khoa hpc va hieu qua nhdl
7 Ky ndng kiem tra ddnh gid: Kidm tra, danh gia ket qua cua \ iec ihuc
hidn cac phuong an iirng phd
3.1 Thuc trgng ve kl ndng thuc hien cdc bu&c Omg phd v&i KKTL cua sinh vien trong RLNVSP
D6 tim hidu thuc trang kT nang thuc hidn cac budc img phd vdi KKTL,
chiing ldi da trung cdu y kien sinh vien vdi cau hdi: Khi gap phdi KKTL trong
hogt ddng RLNVSP, bgn tu ddnh gid cdc kT ndng hdn than trong cdc bu&c gidi
quyet khd khdn md chiing tdi neu dii&i day & miic do ndo?" Mdi ky nang cd 5
miic dp 6i sinh vidn lira chpn:
Mdc tdt (iing viri 5 diem), ndu khi gap bdt ki KKTL nao trong RLNVSP,
ban than sinh vidn ddu thuc hidn budc dd mdt each cdn than va cd hidu qua, giai quydt td't cac khd khan gap phai
Mdc khd (ling viri 4 diem), ndu khi gap mdt KKTL trong RLNVSP, ban
than sinh vidn ddu thuc hidn budc dd tuong ddi cd hidu qua, gdp phdn ddi pho dupc vdi cac KKTL gap phai
Mdc trung binh (iing v&i 3 diem), neu khi gap mdt KKTL trong
RLNVSP ban than sinh vidn thuc hidn budc 66 khi dupc, khi khdng Vi the, qua
trinh giai quye't khd khan cung cd khi dupc, khi khdng do anh hudng cua vide thuc hidn mdt budc nao dd chua td't, lam anh hudng dd'n ca qua trinh giai quydt
44 TAPCHITAMLyHpCSdll (152), 11 2011
Trang 4Muc ydu (dng v&i 2 diem), neu khi gap mdt KKTL trong qua trinh
RLNVSP ban than sinh vidn rdt it khi thurc hidn dupc budc dd, lam cho qua trinh giai quydt khd khan, it khi thuc hidn dupc cd hidu qua
Mdc kem (iing v&i 1 diim), neu ban than sinh vidn khdng thd thuc hidn
dupc budc giai quydt dd ddn dd'n khdng giai quydt dupc cac KKTL gap phai trong qua trinh RLNVSP Ndi each khac la sinh vidn chua cd kT nang thuc hidn mdt budc cu thd nao dd trong 7 budc chiing ldi ndu ra
Qua didu tra, xii ly sd lieu, chung ldi thu dupc sd lieu nhu sau:
Bdng 1: KT ndng thitc hien cdc hif&c ifng phd v&i KKTL
ciia sinh vien trong RLNVSP (%)
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cac budc urng pho vdi kho khan
Nhan thiic, danh gia dupc cac
KKTl, cua ban than
Thu thap thdng tin lien quan den
KKTL
Phan tich uu, nhupc didm ciia cac
phuang an iing phd (PA UP)
Lua chpn cac phuang an urng pho
phu hop
Ra quyet djnh
Kien djnh thuc hien cac phuang
an ling phd da lira chpn
Kidm tra, danh gia ket qua ciia
viec thuc hien cac phuang an iing
phd
Tdt
35 7,51
41 8,80
31 6,65
33 7,08
27 5,79
35 7,50
42 9,01
Kha
179 38,41
192 41,20
179 38,41
161 34,55
166 35,62
195 41,86
201 43,13
TB
203 43,56
218 46,78
185 39,70
214 45,92
204 43,78
174 37,34
166 35,62
Yeu
49 10,52
15 3,22
53 11,37
42 9,02
56 12,02
62 13,30
57 12,23
Kem
0
0
0
0
18 3,86
16 3,43
13 2,79
0
0
0
0
Nhin vao bang 1, chung ta thdy kl nang trong cac budc iing phd vdi cac KKTL cua sinh vidn chu ye'u d miic kha va trung binh Cac kT nang trong budc thu thap thdng tin lidn quan dd'n KKTL la lot nhat Tiep theo la cac kT nang trong budc kidm tra, danh gia vide thuc hidn cac PALTP, kT nang trong budc kidn dinh thuc hidn cac phuong an da lua chpn
Trang 5Trong cac budc ra quydi djnh, lira chpn PAl/P phii hpp thi kT nang thuc hidn chiing ciia sinh vien thdp hon so vdi cac budc khac
Qua quan sat va phdng vdn true tidp, chiing tdi tha'y kdt qua didu tra ndi tren tuong ddi phii hpp, da phan anh dupe thuc trang cac kT nang ciia sinh vidn trong Ciic budc urng phd vdi cac KKTL trong RLNVSP
Vice thuc hien cac budc irng phd vdi cac KKTL va cac kT nang cu the dupe the hien trong cac budc phan anh KNU'P vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vien trong RLNVSP Chiing tdi can cii vao day dd danh gia thuc trang KNUP vdi KKTL irong RLNVSP cua sinh vidn
3.2 Thuc trgng ve tdn sudt lua chgn cdc phuong dn dng phd
Di lim hidu lan suai lira chpn cac PAL/P ciia sinh vidn va miic dd phii
hop cua Ciic phuong iin, chiing tdi da xay dung thang do PA UP vdi KKTL trong RLNVP (dua uen thang do KNl/P vdi khd khan cua Erica Frydenberg va Ramon Lewis) gdm 36 ciiu hdi, trong dd 35 cau hdi ddng thd hidn 7 PALTP va 1 cau hdi md Mdi PA UP cd 5 cau the hien cac bidu hidn khac nhau Sinh vien dupc ydu cdu lira chpn miic dp phii hop vdi ban than trong sd 5 mure dd khac nhau sau: khdng bao gid (1 diem); hid'm khi (2 didm); thinh thoang (3 didm); thudng xuydn (4 didm); ludn ludn (5 didm)
Bdng 2: Tdn sudt lua chgn cdc phiicrng dn dng phd ciia sinh vien
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cac phuang an iing phd
Tim kiem sir trp giiip tir ban be
Tranh thii y kidn ciia giao vien (GV) va nhCrng
ngudi cd chuyen mdn
Tap trung giai quyet vdn dd
Tu ren luyen
Tich cue hpc tap tich luy tri thiic kinh nghiem
Lo Idng
Budng xudi
Cac phuang an khac
Trung binh cdng
19,5
17,4
20,2 21,4 20,0 20,3
12,3 4,9
Dp lech chuan
2,45 2,98 3,05 2,37 3,26 3,63 3,64 0,88
Thur
bac
5
6
3
1
4
2
7
8
Kdt qua thdng kd d bang 2 cho thdy, nhumg PALTP dupc nhidu sinh vien
lua chpn vdi tdn sua't cao la: tu ren luyen; lo Idng; tap trung gidi quydt vdn di;
Trang 6tich cue hgc tap tich luy tri thdc, kinh nghiem Didu nay cho thdy, khi gap phai
KKTL, sinh vidn da rat quan tam, lo Idng va thudng xuydn cd nhung hanh ddng
thie't thuc dd giai quydt van dd cua minh
NhCrng phuong an it dupc sinh vidn lira chpn la: budng xudi vd tranh thii
y kidn ciia GV vd nhiing ngucri cd chuyen mdn Vide hdu bet sinh vien khdng
chpn PALTP tidu cue la biu'mg xudi (vdi TBC = 12,3; DEC = 3,64) ma da cd
gdng tim cac PALTP lich cure dd khdc phuc nhQ-ng khd khan ciia minh la mdt
dieu dang murng Tuy nhien, phuong an: "Tranh thii y kien ciia GV vd nhiing
ngu&i cd chuyen nwn" a vj tri thii 6 trdn 7 phuong an ling phd va vdi didm TBC
la 17,4 lai la vdn 66 dang lo ngai Vdi didm trung binh va dp lech chuan thu
dupc, chumg td phuang an nay sinh vidn it khi lira chpn hoac khdng lua chpn
Tim hidu nguydn nhan thuc trang nay, chiing ldi lien hanh trd chuyen
vdi sinh vidn Khi dupc hdi, sinh vidn N.T.H.A, nam thu" 3 chia se: Em rdt nggi
nh& gido vien giiip do vi thdy luc ndo cdc thdy cd ciing bcin rdn, khimg cd th&i
gian de tidp sinh vien Ban P.T.H nam Ihii nhat thi dua ra ly do: Em thdy minh
khdng dii tit tin khi tidp xiic vdi gido vien di Iwi vi cdch gidi quyet cdc khd
khdn Cdn ban T.K, mdt sinh vidn nam thur tu thi bdc bach: Khd khdn ndi chung
vd khd khdn trong RLNVSP thi sinh vien ndo ciing cd, chi khdc nhau o mdc do,
neu sinh vien ndo ciing len hdi gido vien thi chdc khdng dugc Quy th&i gian
ciia gido vien hien nay khdng cho phep ldm nhu vay
Mdt thuc Id' dd thay la ddi vdi sinh vien nam thii nhat, cac em thudng e
de, ngai ngung khi tidp xiic vdi giao vidn Sinh vidn nam cud'i thi tu tin ban
nhung lai mudn tu minh giai quydt van de Do dd, phuang an nhd su giiip dd
cua giao vidn khdng dupc nhidu sinh vidn lua chpn
3.3 Thuc trgng ve hieu qud cua cdc KNU'P v&i KKTL cua sinh vien
Di danh gia hidu qua ciia cac KNl/P vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vidn
trong RLNVSP, chiing tdi hdi sinh vidn nhu sau: Khi gap nhiing KKTL
trong RLNVSP, cdch dng phd ciia bgn cd dgt dugc hieu qud nhu su mong
mud'n khdng?
Kdt qua thu dupc vd mure dp hidu qua cua vide ling phd nhu sau:
Sd lieu thu dupc d bang 3 cho chiing ta thdy, sd sinh vidn cd KNlTP vdi
cac KKTL cd hidu qua chiem ti Id kha khidm tdn Chi cd khoang 107) sd sinh
vidn bidt each lua chpn cac phuong an iing phd phu hpp va giai quyet tdt cac
khd khan cia minh Da sd sinh vidn tu danh gia d miic tuong dd'i hieu qud
(41,42%) va cd hieu qud nhung khdng cao (43,99%) Chd'ng td rdng, sinh vidn
da cd KNU'P vdi cac KKTL nay sinh trong RLNVSP, nhung mure dp khdng
cao, chua thuan thuc Cd thd sinh vidn da bidt each giai quyet cac khd khan ciia
minh, nhung chua dat dupc nhu y mudn Cd 4,29% sd sinh vidn cam thdy minh
TAP CHI TAM Ly HpC, Sd 11 (152), 11 2011 47
Trang 7giai quye't cac khd khan it hieu qua vd khdng cd sinh vidn nao cam thdy minh giai quydt khdng hieu quii cac khd khan gap phai Nhu vay, sd sinh vidn cd trinh dd kT nang cao de urng phd vdi KKTL trong RLNVSP khdng nhidu
Bdng 3:1 lieu qud ciui cdc KNUP v&i KKTL trcmg RLNVSP
STT
1
2
3
4
5
Miirc dd hi6u qua
Rdt hieu quii
Tuang ddi hieu qua
Co hieu quii nhung khdng ciio
It hiC'u qua
Khdng hidu quii
Sdlupng
48
193
205
20
0
Ti le %
10,30 41,42 43,99 4,29
0
Ke't hpp vdi phuong phap quan sal, phuong phap phdng vdn va phuong phap nghidn curu san phdm boat ddng, chung ldi nhan djnh, vice tu danh gia cua sinh vidn thdng qua phie'u didu tra la tuong dd'i phu hpp KNLTP vdi cac KKTL ciia sinh vidn trong RLNVSP chii ye'u d mure trung binh Chi cd mdt ti Id thdp sinh vidn cd trinh dp KNLTP vdi KKTL luong ddi cao, cd kha nang giai quyet cac khd khan mdt each cd hidu qua Va cdn mdt ti Id thdp sinh vidn chua cd dii
KNU'P vdi cac KKTL (khoang 3 4%)
3.4 Thuc trgng ve cdc yeu td dnh hudng den KNlfP v&i KKTL trong RLNVSP cua sinh vien
Qua didu tra, quan sal va trao ddi true tidp vdi sinh vien chiing ldi nhan thdy cd rat nhidu ye'u id anh hudng dd'n KNLTP vdi cac KKTL trong boat ddng RLNVSP ciia hp Cd thd chia cac ye'u id anh hudng lam 2 nhdm la: Nhdm cac ydu id chii quan va nhdm cac yeu td khach quan Nhdm cac ye'u td chii quan la cac ydu id ndi tiii bdn trong ban than mdi sinh vien Cac ydu td khach quan la cac ye'u id ben ngoai
Trdn co sd didu tra khao sat ban ddu, chung ldi da liet ke ra mdt sd yeu
td chii quan va khach quan lac ddng dd'n KNUTP vdi KKTL trong boat ddng RLNVSP ciia sinh vidn, sau dd trung cdu y kien ciia hp vd cac ydu td nay
a) Cdc yeu td chu quan
Di tim hidu vdn dd nay, mdt cau hdi trong phie'u trung cdu dupc
dat ra nhu sau: "Theo bgn trong 8 yeu Jd chii quan chiing tdi liet ke du&i
ddy, ydu td ndo la ydu td chii ydu dnh huang den KNUP cua bgn v&i cdc KKTL trong RLNVSP? Hay xep cdc yeu td dd theo thd tu mdc do quan
Trang 8trgng gidm ddn bdng cdch ddnh sd tii I den 8" Tren co sd thii tur sinh
vidn da xep, chiing tdi cho didm iing vdi mure dd quan trpng nhdt la 8 diem, giam ddn dd'n miic dd kem quan trpng nha't la I didm Kel qua thu dupc xe'p thii tu tCr cao xud'ng tha'p nhu sau:
Bdng 4: Miic do dnh hu&ng ciia cdc yeu td chii quan din KNl/P ciia sinh vien
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cac ye'u td
Vd'n tri thiic nghd nghidp va kinh nghidm sdng ban
che
Chua cd ddng ca hpc tap diing dan
Kha nang ngdn ngir va didn dat chua tdt
Khdng hiing thu vdi boat ddng RLNVSP
Chua chu ddng ren luyen nhan each dd khdc phuc
nhimg ban che
Khdng ndm vimg ndi dung, chuong trinh ren luyen
NVSP ciia khoa va nha trudng
Chua thdy bet dupc y nghTa, tac dung cua viec
RLNVSP
Cac yeu to khac
Z^
2.996
2.940 2.829 2.754 2.251 1.971 1.431
620
X
6,43
6,31 6,07 5,91 4,83 4,23 3,07 1,33
Thii
bac
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bang sd lieu trdn cho thdy, cac yeu td khac nhau cd anh hudng khac nhau dd'n vide iing phd vdi KKTL trong boat ddng RLNVSP ciia sinh vidn
Ydu td anh hudng nhidu nhdt (xdp thur nhdt) la "vd'n tri thdc nghi
nghiep, kinh nghiem sd'ng cdn hgn chd\ v6i^X= 2.996; didm trung binh X =
6,43 Vide xac dinh ydu td nay la ye'u td anh hudng ldn nhdt ciia sinh vidn la hoan toan hpp ly Nhu chiing ta da bie't, bdt ky mdt khd khan nao khi gap phai, mud'n khdc phuc nd, ddi hdi mdi ngudi phai cd mdt vd'n tri thiic, kinh nghiem nha't dinh Vd'n tri thiic, kinh nghidm cang ddi dao, thi vide umg phd vdi khd khan cang trd ndn thuan lpi hon Thuc te, khdi lupng kie'n thurc sinh vidn cdn hpc tap tuong dd'i ldn ma thdi gian hpc tap trdn ldp cd ban Trong khi dd, kha nang lam vide dpc lap va tu giac ciia sinh vidn cdn ban che Qua hai dpt thuc tap, sinh vidn hidu rdng lupng kidn thiic cac em dupc trang bi trong nha trudng
la chua dii dd giai quye't cac nhidm vu thuc tidn dat ra Hon nCra, dd mdi chii yd'u la ly thuyet don thudn, vide van dung ly thuye't vao thuc hanh la mdt vide
Trang 9khdng mdy 6C: dang Thieu tri thu'c, thidu kinh nghidm la yd'u td cd anh hudng
ldn nhdl den KNUP vdi KKTL trong RLNVSP cua sinh vidn
Yeu td thu 2 hi chua cd ddng co' hoc tap diing ddn, 06^,^= 2.940,
A = 6,31 Ddng ca la ciii ihi'ie ddy con ngudi boat ddng Neu ddng co khdng
m;mh hoiic khdng dung se anh hudng dd'n kdt qua boat ddng Qua trinh hpc tap trong trudng diii hpc het sure vdi va, neu khdng cd ddng co hpc tap dung ddn va lanh miinh sinh vien se khdng dat duac ket qua cao trong hpc tap Ddng cocdn giiip con ngirdi vupl qu;» c;ic khd khan, trd ngai dd di dd'n muc tidu cud'i ciing
Neu khdng co ddng ca diing ddn, chdc chan sinh vidn rdt khd urng phd vdi cac
khd khan Vi vay, day cung la yeii td het siic quan trpng va sinh vien da nhan thiic dupc r;ii dung dan
Quan Siit vii true tiep trd chuydn vdi sinh vidn ciing cho thay, nhidu sinh vien vao trudng su pham khdng xudi phat lir nhung ddng co diing ddn ma ttr rdt nhidu ddng co khiic nhau Nhidu nhdl hi sinh vien cho rdng, vao trudng su pham khdng phai ddng hpc phi, vi gia dinh khdng cd dieu kien ndn cur vao hpc rdi linh sau Cd sinh vidn hpc chi de Idy chd rdi lim each thi liep, ndu dau ihi chuydn trudng vi khdng ihich nghd su pham
b) Yeu td khdch quan
Chiing ldi dua ra 7 yd'u td khach quan khac nhau va yeu cdu sinh vien lira chpn, yd'u id quan trpng nhat la 7 didm theo chidu hudng giam ddn de'n yeu
id il quan trpng nhat la 1 didm Cau hdi chung ldi dat ra cho sinh vien nhu sau:
Trong 7 yen td khdch quan chimg tdi thiing ke dit&i ddy dnh hit&ng nhu the ndo den KNU'P viri cdc KKTL trong RLNVSP ciia bgn Ydu td dnh liit&ng nhieu nhd't bgn cho 7 diem Cif nhu vgy, cho diim gidm ddn cho cdc ydu td kem quan
trgng hon, ydu td kem quan trgng nhdt cho I diem Va chung tdi da thu dupc
ket qua nhu sau:
Trong sd nhung yd'u id khach quan thi ye'u td: Chitcmg trinh ddo tgo
ndng vi ly thuyet nhe vc thifc hdnh cd anh hudng ldn nha't den KNU'P vdi cac
KKTL trong boat ddng RLNVSP cua sinh vien, vdi J'= 6.21 Thuc id' cho
tha'y, trong phan phd'i chuong trinh cac mdn hpc nghidp vu, thdi lupng danh cho ly thuye't qua nhidu, tidt thuc hanh lai kha il Didu dd cd nghTa la thdi gian luyen tap cac kT nang su pham cQa sinh vidn d trdn ldp la khdng nhieu, ddn dd'n ky nang su phiim ciia cac em cdn nhidu ban che' va duong nhien cac em se mat tu tin, lung lung khi durng d vi tri ngudi giao vidn
Yd'u td quan trpng diing thii 2 la: Dieu kien, phuang tien phuc vu tap
luyen NVSP chiia ddy du Day cung la yd'u td dupc sinh vidn cho la cd anh
hudng nhidu dd'n KNUP ciia cac em, vdi didm trung binh 'x= 5,59 Ngoai gid
ldn ldp, hdu nhu sinh vidn khdng cd didu kidn de d lai trong giang dudng Vi
50 TAPCHl'TAMLynpC S d i 1(152), 11-2011
Trang 10the, cac em mud'n tap giang, tap viet bang, trinh bay bang, tap didn thuye't ddu khdng cd didu kidn va phuong lien dd lien hanh
Bdng 5: Cdc ydu td khdch quan dnh hiidmg den KNU'P
v&i KKTL trong RLNVSP ciia sinh vien
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cac yeu td
Chuang trinh dao tao nang \'d ly ihuyd't nhe ve thuc
hanh
Cdng tac RLNVSP chua dupc quan tam diing miic
Giao vien chua coi trpng gid thuc hanh RLNVSP
Quy trinh ren luyen chua thdng nhdt
Npi dung, hinh thiic ren luyen chua hpp ly
Didu kien, phuang tien phuc vu tap luyen nghiep vu
su pham chua day du
Cac yeu td khac
I^
2.894
2.046 1.794 1.496 1.104 2.605 2.75
X
6,21
4,39 3,85 3,21 2,37 5,59 0,59
Thur bac
1
3
4
5
6
2
7
Hai yd'u td cdng tdc RLNVSP chua dugc quan tdm dung mifc; gido vien
chua coi trgng gi& thuc hdnh RLNVSP xep d vj tri thii 3 va 4 vdi didm trung binh
J kha chdnh ldch la 4,39 va 3,85
Khi trao ddi vd van dd nay, nhidu sinh vidn tam su: Nhung tidt thuc hanh day hpc qua it, sd lupng sinh vien lai ddng ndn rat it sinh vien dupc thuc hanh Vi the, nhidu ldi ciia sinh vidn chua dupc giao vidn sua kjp thdi Do dd, khi gap phai khd khan, sinh vidn thudng rdt lung tung khdng bidt hdi ai Nhidu giao vidn trong gid thuc hanh cii dd mac sinh vien lam dupc gi thi lam, chd he't gid thi vd
Yd'u to "Quy trinh ren luyen chua thd'ng nhdt" xd'p d cac vj thii 5 vdi
X= 3,21 Cho dd'n nay, vide ren luyen nghiep vu su pham cho sinh vidn chi cd
tuan tu cac ddu vide ldn nhu hpc ly thuyet, thiic hanh, thuc tap Nhung thuc hanh tap luyen cac kT nang nao trudc, kT nang nao sau, tai sao lai nhu vay thi chua cd quy dinh cu thd va thd'ng nhdt Phan nay hoan loan phu thudc va su
"sang tao" ciia turng giao vidn va sinh vidn Day ro rang vura la mdt yd'u td gay khd khan trong vide iing phd, viTa la mdt khd khan ciia sinh vidn trong RLNVSP