TiM HIEU DAC DIEM NGON NGlT CUA NHAN VAT GIAO TIEP • • TRQNG TRUYBU CO TlCH T k l»y\1 VA MOT V/U KEr LUAN S O ThS L^ THI KIM CUC" 1 Ddc diem ngdn ngu cua nhdn vdt g loo gi vdi bgn dgc, trudc het phai[.]
Trang 1TiM HIEU DAC DIEM NGON NGlT CUA NHAN VAT GIAO TIEP
• • TRQNG TRUYBU CO TlCH T k l»y\1 VA MOT V/U KEr LUAN S
O ThS L^ THI KIM C U C "
1 Ddc diem ngdn n g u cua nhdn v d t g l o o gi vdi bgn dgc, trudc het phai tim hieu hogt dgng
Hep (GT) trong truydn ed tieh «Tdm Cdm" GT dien ra ngay trong chfnh tac phdm dd N h d
1) Quan he GT Id mdi quan he qua Iqi gitra vdo hoqt dqng GT ciia nhdn vdt md to h i i u duqc
nhtrng ngudi tham gio giao Hdp, duqc xdy cTung nhtrng suy nghT, hdnh ddng, tfnh cdch, so phdn
trdn CO sd he thd'ng cdc md'i quan he xd hdi chung eua nd, cao hon ntra Id hieu duqc thyc te xd hdi
vd cd'u hue eua xd hdi dd Md'i quan he giua ede dd duqc phdn dnh trong tde phdm vd If gidi duqc
nhdn vdt GT boo gdm quan he vol GT vd quan he dien bidn ngdn ngtr eua nhdn vdt dudi tdc ddng
lidn cd nhdn Quan he vai GT\a quan he giua cdc eua nhdn td xd hdi trong tde phdm d d
nhdn vdt GT dd'i vdi chinh sy phdt - nhdn frong qud 3) Vdn Id mdt truydn ed tfch thdn ki hoy vd Hdu
frinh giao t i l p , gitia vol ngudi ndi (vilt) vd vai ngudi b i l u bdc nhdt trong kho tdng fruydn ed tfch Viet
nghe (dqc), giua vai phdt vd vai nhdn Giua cdc Nam, «Tdm Cam" tdp frung phdn dnh xung dot
vai ndy cd t h l ed sy ludn phidn luot Idi vd khdng frude h i t trong phqm vi gia dinh, ey t h l Id xung
phdi cdc nhdn vdt GT boo gid eung chf sdm mot vai dot di ghe - eon chdng (phy) vd xung dot gitra hai
duy nhdt tu ddu d i n cud'i cudc giao tilp Chfnh vi chj em cung cha khde me (chfnh) Dd Id md'i xung
vdy, vide nhdn ra cdc vai GT khdng phdi luc ndo dot Kr thdp d i n eao, Kr hep dd'n rdng, Kr frong nhd
eung de ddng Giua ede nhdn vdt GT cdn ed quan ra hdi Idng, dd'n tdn cung vua, h i t kid'p ndy song
he cd h'nh chdt «dn" hon, dd Id quan he lien cd k i l p khde, vd eung dai ddng vd khde Iidt
nhan, cdn gqi Id quan he xd hdl giua cdc nhdn vdt Khdo sdt truydn «Tdm Cdm" trong cudn Kho
giao Hip Moi ngudi ed rdt nhilu vai, tu frong gia t d n g truyen c d tfch Viet N a m eua tde gid Nguyen
dinh d ^ ngodi xd hql, tqo thdnh mqng quan he Ddng Chi, tinh ed kid'p trude vd k i l p sou eua Tdm
chdng chjt, phtre tqp Song, mqng quan he duqc thi gitra Tdm vdi Cdm vd my di ghd dd d i i n ra
quy v l 2 loqi chfnh: quan he quyin t h l (quyen Iyc, nhilu Idn ddi thoqi frye h i p : Ldn thu nhdt, my di
quyin uy, vj thl) vd quan he khodng cdch (mtre do ghd hen vdi ed 2 chj eni khi sai hq ra ddng bdt
quon he thdn edn) Quan he quyin t h l Id quan he tdm, tdp: «He dtra ndo bdt duqc ddy gid thi thudng
cao - thdp, frdn - dudi, sang - hen, tdn khinh, do cho mdt edi yd'm d d " Ldn thu hai: Cdm bdo Tdm
ehtrc quyin, tudi tde, n g h i nghiep mang Iqi Trong khi Tdm bdt duqc ddy gid tdm, tdp: «Chi Tdm oi
mdt cudc GT ey t h l , quan he ndy mdt Idii dd duqc chj Tdm! Dau chj ldm, chj hyp eho sdu, kdo v l di
xde ldp thi khdng d l ddng thay ddi Cdn auan lid mdng" Ldn thujxi, my di ghe Itra Tdm di chdn
khodng cdch Id quan he thdn htiu, duqc hinh thdnh Kau ddng xa 6e a nhd 2 me con my g i l t bdng:
do mtre do h i i u b i l t giiia ede nhdn vdt, vdi tfnh chd't «Con oi con! Ldng dd bdt ddu edm ddng rdi ddy
thdn Hnh hodc xa Iq khde nhau Quan he khodng Mai eon di chdn frdu, phdi chdn dong xa, chd
cdch de ddng thay doi frong qud frinh giao Hip chdn ddng nhd, Idng bdt md't frdu" Ldn thuh/, my
Ndi chung, quan he lidn ed nhdn ehi phdi mqnh me 'ay "^9^ ^°^ 9 9 ° Kon Idn vdi mdt ddu thdc, bdo
qud frinh GT d ed ndi dung Idn hinh thuc cOa dien Tdm: «Con hdy nhdt eho xong chd gqo ndy rdi cd
ngdn Vd xung hd Id mdt b i l u hidn rd nhdt eho tung d" ddu hdy d l , dung cd bd d d , v l khdng cd qi thdi
kilu quan he frdn frong qud frinh GT com di ddnh d o " 6e Tdm khdng duqc di d y hdi
2) Ddu tde phdm vdn ehuong phdn dnh hoqt nhd vua md Ldn thu nam, my nghTjnuu 6e g i l t
ddng GT eua con ngudi bdng hinh thuc vdn bdn Tdm, sol Tdm treo cau nhdn ngdy gio bd: «Trude
gitra ngudi v i l t vdl ngudi dqc (gidn Hep) hodc ^ a ^ eon^quen trdo cau, eon hdy freo xe Idy mdt
ttidng qua dd'i thoqi gitfa cdc nhdn vdt trong tde budng d i e t i n g bd" Khi Tdm t h ^ e d y rung chuyin,
phdm (trye t i l p ) , nhung mudn biet nhd van noi * Tnidng Cao dang sir pham Nam Bmh
Tap ehi Giao due so 2 7 1 (ki i - lo/aon) <^
Trang 2hdi my: «Di ldm gi d dudi gdc thd?" thi my bdo:
«Gdc cau ldm kidn, di dudi kiln cho nd khdi Idn
dot eon" Nhtrng Idn dd'i thoqi Hep theo Id sau khi
Tdm chd't, hda thdnh chim vdng anh, bdo Cdm khi
Cdm dang ngdi gidt do cho vua d gilng: «Phoi
do chdng too phoi lao phoi sdo, chd phoi bd rdo,
rdeh do chdng tao", thdnh cdy xoan ddo, thdnh
khung cui, Tdm rua Cdm: «Cdt ea cdt kdt, Idy tranh
chdng chj, chj khodt mdt ra", rdi thdnh aud thj,
thdnh con gdi bd bdn hdng nudc hay chfnh Id Tdm
Cdm so hdi nhung mudn duqc dep nhu ehi ndn
hdi: «Chi Tdm oi chj Tdm, chi ldm t h l ndo md dep
thl?" Tdm khdng ddp, chf hdi Iqi: «Cd mudn dep
khdnq d l c h j giup!"
Nhu vdv, d kilp trudc, Tdm hdu nhu ehi biet
im ldng nghe, vdng ldnh hodc bung mdt khde, d l
cho my di ghd vd Cdm lua hit Idn ndy d i n Idn
khde Nhung d hdu thdn, Tdm dd phdn khdng,
chu ylu tdp trung vdo Cdm, vi Cdm thye sy Id thu
djch cua Tdm qua mot sy vide ddu Hdn, rdt gidn
don nhung bqc Id bdn chd't vd chdn tirong tham
lam, sou ndy Id ddc dc cuo Cdm My di ghe ehf Id
ke dung ddng sou, tilp toy cho Cdm Tdm xung
hd «mdy - too" vdi Cdm hodc xung «ehi" vdi giqng
hdn mdt, day dd Rd rdng, ngdn ngtr eua Tdm dd
thay ddi khi vj t h l xd hdi cuo ndng thay ddi (h>
6(ra eon ridng, md cdi thdnh vg vua) Ddng thdi,
khodng each gitra Tdm vd me eon my di ghd Kr
eho «thdn cdn" (d eung mdt nhd) d i n eho «xa Iq"
(khdng eung mdt nhd, thdm chf d 2 cdi khde nhau)
Tdm vd me con my di ghd, nhdt Id Tdm vdi Cdm Id
kd thu khdng ddi frdi chunq, quan he giua hq Id
quan he dd'i khdng Tdm {fci didn clio edi thidn,
edn Cdm Hdu bilu cho edi de Ngudi hiln Idnh,
luong thidn nhu Tdm se duqc hudng hqnh phuc,
edn nhOng kd dqc de, muu tfnh hql ngudi nhu me
eon Cdm se bj frung trj dfch ddng «(^ hiln gdp
Idnh, dc gid de bdo" Id quon nidm cuo nhdn ddn
v l Id cdng bdng d ddi Id nilm tin eua ngudi lao
ddng xua ve chiln thdng cud'i cung cua cdi thidn
dd'i vdi cdi de «Tdm Cdm" Id fruydn ed tfch Hdu
bilu phdn dnh mdu thudn dd'i khdng frong xd hdi
vd udc mo v l sy cdng bdng cua ngudi Viet thdi
dqi «ed h'ch" khi md mau thudn xd hdi dia ndy
sinh vd phdn hda gioi cd'p ddn fro ndn sdu sdc
Ngodi mdi quon he vdi my di ghd vd Cdm,
Td'm cdn ndm trong quan he vdi Byt, vuo vd bd
Ido bdn hdng nudc nhung nhdn vdt dqi didn
cho phfa thidn Id trq thu cua Tdm, vi t h l trong GT
t h l hidn md'i quon he «thdn edn* Quan he quyen
Iyc eung biln thdnh quan he thdn edn Byt vd Tdm
xung hd «Ta eon"; vua xung vdi Tdm Id «anh''
t
(trong quan he vdi Tdm Id chdng); bd Ido xung vdi Tdm Id «bd" vd coi Tdm nhu con Nhtrng nhdn vdt ndy Id sy kit hqp git/a lye luqng thdn ki vdi thye td cudc sdng, he aud eua tu duy nguydn hqp thdi viin ed cua nhdn ddn vd nghd thudt xdy dyng nhdn vdt chi/c ndng ctia truydn cd tfch
Nhu vdy, thdng qua vide Hm hiiu ngdn ngtr GT tra cdc nhdn vdt trong tde phdm, chung ta nhqn
dy md'i quan he gitra ede nhdn vdt GT frdn 2 kieu quon he co bdn Id quan he quyin Iyc vd quan he khodng cdch cung vdi cdch xung hd cuo hq
2 Mot vdi ket luqn su phqm
- Du ed tfch ndi chung, truyen «Tdm Cdm"noi
ridng ed nhilu chi tilt ki do, hoang dudng den mtre ndo thi d dd vdn ed sy thdt ddi sdng khdng the bj ehe ldp Id cdc mdi quan hd GT giua cac nhdn vdt eung nhi/ng bdi hqe kinh nghiem sd'ng
ed gid trj d i n mudn ddi
Dd'i vdi tre nhd, cdch xung hd «mdy too" cung giqng hdn mdt, day dd vd hdnh ddng «gai gdc" trong truydn edn duqc GV gidi thfch aye vdo ddc d i l m ngdn ngtr cua nhdn vdt Tdm khi da duqc ddi vai, ddi phdn vd Id b i l u hidn cua nhu cdu duqc trd thu cua ngudi bj dp buc, bde lot ddn khdng edn ldi thodt, ddn mdt ed mqng sdng
- Ddi vdi HS d ede lap Idn hon, GV cdn giup
ede em hieu rdng: nhdn vdt Tdm cung nhu nhimg nhdn vdt cd tich thdn ki khde Id nhdn vdt chuc ndng, nhdn vdt hdnh ddng de thye hidn sy chien thdng cuo edi td't, edi thidn ddi vdi cdi de, cdi xdu Hdnh ddng eua Tdm d cud'i fruydn chf noi mdt d i l u : nhdn vdt chfnh eua ed tfch thdn ki bang mqi khd ndng phdi thye hidn thdnh cdng triet If
«d hiln gdp ldnh, dc gid dc bdo" dd duqc tac
gid ddn gian d l ra Kr trude khi fruydn ra ddi 0
Tii li£u tham khao
I Nguygn Van Khang Ngfln ngur hoc xi h6i, nhung
vin d£ ca ban NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi H 1999
2 Nguygn Thj Ngpc Diep - NguySn Thi H6ng Nam
Nga dung hgc NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2010
3 Nguyfin Ddng Chi Kho ting truyen cd tich Vi6t
Nam NXB Gido due H 2000
SUMMARY
Enquiring atDout the meaning of literature works cannot help being based on the relationship among characters through their communication and language characteristics As for the tale of 'Torn Cam', communication language among characters Is based on 2 basic types of relation; relation of power and relation of distance If is typical that the language of Tam marks changes
In her destiny and position
Tap ehi Giao due so 2 7 1 (kii 10/2011)