QUAN HE GIITA GIAO DUC PHAP LUAT VA GIAO DUC DAU DUC TRONG CONG TAC GIAO DUC HOC SINH, SINH VIEN O ThS PHAN HONG DUONG* 1 Hidn nay, nhung bieu hien ve suy thodi dqo Idp 8 hqc v l quyen sd hiju tai san[.]
Trang 1QUAN HE GIITA GIAO DUC PHAP LUAT VA GIAO DUC DAU DUC TRONG CONG TAC GIAO DUC HOC SINH, SINH VIEN
O ThS PHAN HONG DUONG*
1 Hidn nay, nhung bieu hien ve suy thodi dqo Idp 8 hqc v l quyen sd hiju tai san, Idp 9 hqc v l due, eung nhu tinh trqng vl phqm phdp ludt (PL) quyen tu do kinh doanh va nghia vy donq thue, cua hqc sinh, sinh vidn (HS, SV) dd gidng Idn hdi quyen va nghia vy cong dan trong hon nhan ] chudng bdo dqng cho gia dinh, nhd trudng vd O THPT, HS Idp 11 vd 12 khdng cd tilt dqo
xd hdi 6uc ndo Chuong trinh GD cong dan Idp 10 (29 Theo so lieu eua 38 Sd GD-DT, h/ ndm 2003 tiet/ndm) rdt ndng n l v l kiln thuc hai phdn triet dd'n thdng 12/2009, cd hon 8.000 HS ddnh nhau, hgc vd dgo due gdm cdc ndi dung kuu tuqng,
bj xu li kl ludt So lieu cua Tdng eye Cdnh sdt (Bq hdn ldm: cdc phqm tru dqo 6uc co bdn, khai
Cdng an) v l trdt tu xd hdi trong 5 ndm trd Iqi ddy, nidm vd cdc gid trj dqo due; vdt chdt, y thue, tdn
cd dd'n 47.000 vy phqm phdp hinh sy do HS, SV tqi xd hdi, y thuc xd hdi, phuong phdp ludn bien gdy ra Sdu thdng ddu ndm 2009, tren ed nude chung Chinh d i l u ndy ldm HS thidu hung thu xdy ra 25.508 vy phqm phdp hinh su,.trong sddd vd hieu qud GD khdng eao
tl Id HS, SV chid'm 3,d% (rieng thdng 9/2010, TP Chuang trinh GDDD ndi chung phong phu,
Hd Ndi ed tdi dOO trudng hop HS, SV vi phqm rd't nhilu bdi hqc, nhung chua xde djnh rd nhi/ng Ludt Giao thdng, cd nhCmg trudng hop HS, SV phdm chd't eo bdn cuo nhdn cdch eon ngudi Viet chdng Iqi luc luqng ldm nhidm vy) Qua dd thdy Nam; cdn ndng v l If thuyet, thidu kT ndng sdng, duqc Hnh kqng dqo due, ldi sd'ng eua mdt bd phdn chua tqo duqc ddu dn kong Idng HS, hinh thdnh
gidi ke hidn nay cd nhilu bd't dn, Kr thdi do hoc nhdn cdch khdng rd net, HS de bj tde ddng eua
tdp, y thue chdp hdnh ndi quy, ki ludt cuo nhd hodri cdnh xd hdi
kudng, chdp hdnh PL dd'n nhOng hdnh vi tidu cue Ohrung cap chuyen nghiep, CD va DH khdng
kong hqc tdp, thi cu eua HS, SV vd su xdm nhdp cd ndi dung GD rieng dqo due cho HS, SV, chi
cuo ede td nqn xd hdi vdo hqc dudng the hidn phdn ndo quo mdn Nhi/ng nguyen li ca
PL vd dqo 6uc Id 2 phqm ku h/dng chung ban eua chu nghia Mae - Lenin, Tu tuong Ho Chi tdeh rdi, nhung Iqi cd sy thd'ng nhdt; tuy nhidn, Minh, tuy nhidn, ndi dung chua rd net Hoqt dqng
trong su thd'ng nhdt dd ed sy khde bidt, khdng GDDD ehu ydu thdng quo ede hoqt ddng ngoqi ddng nhdt, khdng thay the nhau vd khdng loqi khda, ede hoqt ddng Dodn, Hdi
kir nhau Tinh td't yeu khdch quan, tdm quan trqng Chuong trinh GDPL chfnh khda dd gdp phdn
cho thd'y edn thiet phdi kit hop chdt ehe gido dye quon kqng trong vide trong bj cho HS, SV nhung phdp ludt (GDPL) vd gido dye dqo due (GDDD) kien thue PL eo bdn, qiup h>ng budc hinh thdnh y
kong cdng tdc GD cho HS, SV Vi vdy, GD nhdm ^^c PL, nilm tin PL cho gidi tre Tuy vdy, chuong
ndng cao y thuc dqo due vd PL cho mqi thdnh ^""inh GDPL cung bdc Id nhimg vdn d l cdn xem vidn trong xd hdi, ddc bidt Id HS, SV Id vd'n d l ^ ^ t "dng I' thuydt vd cdn mong tinh chung chung thiet yd'u khdng cy the cho h/ng ddi hrong vd thidu tfnh
2 Chuong kinh GDDD, GDPL cho HS, SV <>ng ayng kong thue tien
Otieu hgc, moi Kidn HS hqc mdt tilt dqo 6uc 3 Mo'l quon he giua GDDD va GDPL cho
HS ldp 3 duqc dqy bdi «Dodn ket vdi thieu nhi HS, SV
qudc te", HS Idp 5 hqc bdi «Tim hieu ve Lien hgp Theo M Rodenton: «Dgo due la mgt trong qude" Ldn THCS, vdi 75 bdi hqc Kr Idp 6 dd'n ldp nhung hinh thai y thue xd hoi, mgt che dinh xa
9, thdi luqng eho mdn GD eong dan cung ehl 26 ^P' ^ ^ ^'#" ^/luc ndng dieu ehinh hanh vi cua tiet/ndm, trong dd, chf ed 12-15 tilt dqo 6\jc
(HS Idp 7 hqc v l bg may nha nudc cap co sd, * HQC vien quan li giao due
Trang 2con ngudi trong mgi tinh vuc cua ddi sdng xa
hdi"(]) Ndi each khde: «Y ihuc dgo due la toan
bg nhdng quan niem ve thien, ac, tdt, xdu, luang
tam, trach nhiem, hgnh phuc, cong bdng va ve
nhung quy tde danh gia, dieu chinh hanh vi ung
xu gida ca nhan vdl xa hgi, giua ca nhan vdl ca
nhan trong xa hgi" (2) Vdi tu cdch Id mot hinh
thdi cua y thue xd hdi, dqo 6\jc ddng vai trd
khdng nhd trong ddi sd'ng cua con ngudi, eung
luc thyc hidn ede chuc ndng: GD; nhgn thuc; dieu
chinh hanh vi
PL Id mot trong nhung hinh thdi y thuc xd hdi
«PL la he thdng cac quy tdc xu su, do nha nudc
ban hanh va bao dam &iuc hien, Hie hien y chi
cua giai cdp thdng tri trong xa hgi, la yeu td
dieu chinh cac quan he xa hgi nhdm tgo ra trgt
tu va dn dinh trong xa hdi" (3) Vdi tu cdch Id
cdng ey qudn If nhd nudc, PL thue hidn cdc ehue
ndng: dieu chinh eac quan he xa hgi; GD
PL vd dqo due d i u gdp phdn bdo vd cdc gid
trj chdn chfnh, d i u lidn quan ddn hdnh vi vd dyng
chqm den Iqi fch eua eon ngudi vd xd hdi PL tham
gia d i l u ehinh quan he xd hdi bdng nhCrng quy
phqm, d i l u khodn quy djnh ede q u y i n vd nghTa
vy eua chu the Cdc quy phqm PL quy djnh ehi tidt
cdc hdnh vi duqc phep vd hdnh vi bj cdm dodn
Ddng thdi, edn xdc djnh cy t h l cdch cu x u Idn
nhi/ng hinh phqt se dp dyng n l u chu t h l vi phqm
Ngodi ra, PL cdn thuc hien d i l u chfnh mdi quan
he giCra eon ngudi vd xd hdi bdng su bdt bude,
cudng che Kr bdn ngodi Trong khi d d , dqo 6(rc
Iqi d i l u ehinh ede mdi quan he bdng d u ludn xd
hdi, bdng su gidc ngd vd su thdi thuc Kr ben kong
D i l m khde bidt nhung Iqi thdng nhdt ndy Id co sd
de PL vd dqo due bd sung vd hd trq nhau Do vdy,
cd t h l coi PL khdng nhCmg Id cdng cy 6e qudn If
nhd nude, md cdn Id mdi kudng thudn Iqi eho sy
hinh thdnh vd phdt k i l n y thuc dqo due Bdn cqnh
dd, dqo due Id gdc cuo PL, ndn vide eon ngudi
thuc hidn tdt cdc quy phqm, cdc chudn muc dqo
6(rc cung Id mdt budc 6e thuc thi td't PL
Tuy nhidn, dqo 6(rc vd PL cd nhi/ng dqc diem
vd tfnh chdt khde nhau trong qud trinh d i l u chinh
hdnh vi cua con ngudi: Dqo 6(rc vd PL khde
nhau v l phuong thuc d i l u chfnh hdnh vi con ngudi
(dqo 6\jc thi tinh cdm m i m deo, PL thi bdt bude
vd eung rdn); Dqo 6uc mang tfnh chung, djnh
hudng, PL thi cy the vd rd rdng; Dqo due dqt
duqc k i t qud Id mdt qud trinh, PL dqt duqc k i t
qud ngay h/e thi; Dqo due Id k i t qud tu thdn,
b i n vCrng, PL Id k i t qud tde ddng Kr bdn ngodi,
chua b i n vung
Tap clii Giao due s6 2 7 1 (ki i • 10/201 n
N h u vdy, gii/a dqo due vd PL ed md'i quan he qua Iqi, tuong ho lan nhau; thdng nhdt vdi nhau d ddi tuqng vd myc tieu Id eon ngudi Trdi Iqi, chung khde nhau d phuong thuc d i l u chfnh hdnh vi cua con ngudi De ndng eao vai trd vd phdt t r i l n y
thue dqo 6(rc, ngodi cdc bien phdp tfch eye khde,
khdng the thilu vol trd cua PL vd y fhuc phdp quyin
PL cdng chdt ehe, cdng ddy du vd duqc thi hdnh
nghiem ehinh thi dqo due cdng duqc 6e cao, khd ndng d i l u chinh vd GD cua dqo 6(rc cdng duqc
md rdng vd dnh hudng mdt cdch todn dien, tfch cue d i n mqi hdnh vi, mqi mdi quan he giCra con ngudi vdi con ngudi, giCra eon ngudi vdi xd hdi Dqo due vd PL thdng nhdt vdi nhau d myc tidu
Id d i l u ehinh hdnh vi cua eon ngudi de ddm bdo hoqt dqng binh thudng cua xd hdi Mdt ngudi vi phqm dqo due thudng Id vi phqm PL vd nguoc Iqi vi phqm PL eung Id vi phqm dqo due; vi dqo
6\jc vd PL khdng tu nhidn md ed; de eon ngudi cd
duqc y thuc dqo due vd y thi/c PL d i u Id k i t qud
GD Idu ddi GD cho con ngudi cd dqo due cung
Id GD eho eon ngudi b i l t tdn trqng PL, ki cuong
phep nude GDPL eho con ngudi cung Id 6e bdo
vd gid trj dqo due vd ndng cao dqo 6uc con ngudi Vi vdy, GDDD tqo ndn nhCrng t i l n 6e cdn
thidt de hinh thdnh d cdng ddn sy tdn trqng sdu sde dd'i vdi PL Nguoc Iqi, GDPL Iqi tqo ra khd ndng thie't ldp trong ddi sdng thyc t i l n thudng
ngdy nhCrng nguydn tdc eua dqo 6Crc, cung ed cdc nghTa vy dqo 6irc, t h i l t ldp quan he bdo vd
hqnh phuc gia dinh, bdi dudng t h l he tre, kfch thfch su giijp do, tinh luong thidn, that thd vd khdng dung thu vdi ede bieu hidn chdng ddi xd hdi Mot sd mdt nhdt qudn kong GDPL vd GDDD tdc ddng d i n HS, SV: Tdc dqng d i n Idng tin ddi vdi
sy edn thilt tudn theo nhCmg nguydn tdc co bdn eua dqo due mdi; - Tdc ddng vdo Idng tin dd'i vdi gid kj
xd hdi cua PL; - Tdc ddng vdo Idng tin ddi vdi nnCmg quy pham don gidn've dao due vd PL kong ddi sd'ng thye t l hdng n^dy d i u hudng d i n hodn thien kong md'i quan he lan nhau giCra eon ngudi GDDD, GDPL Id mdt qud kinh phuc tqp eua mdt chuoi nhi/ng tde ddng bdn ngodi Idn cdu true tdm If cua cd nhdn nhdm djnh hudng dd'n hinh thdnh myc dfch, djnh hudng gid trj, nhi/ng net dqc trung v l phdm chdt, y chf, ndng luc, tfnh cdch
cua eon ngudi Do vdy, GDPL ciing vdi GDDD ddm
bdo su d i l u chinh tu bdn ngodi ddi vdi hdnh vi eua eon ngudi Bdi, Idng tin se chuyin thdnh mye dfch, djnh hudng gid kj vd thdnh hdnh dqng Nhu vdy,
su thd'ng nhdt cua GDPL vd GDDD duqc the hidn
cudi cijng d hdnh vi hqp phdp Nhdn thue sdu sdc
(Xem tiep h-ang 24)
Trang 3ngudi tqo ra nhtfng mdi trudng hqc tdp tfch cyc vd
Krong tdc gitfa ngudi hqe vdi nhau d l hinh thdnh
nhtfng klndng Kr hqe ed nhdn vd hqp tdc nhdm Q
(1) Claire Margolinas Devolution ct institutionnalLsation
deux aspects antagonistes du rflle du maitre,
Didactique des disciplines scicntifiques et formation
des enseignants Universite Pedagoi^ique llo Chi Minh
Ville 1995
(2) Trdn Diftn Hi^n (chu bien) C(rs& If thuyft tap h(yp
\k logic toin Dy Sn PhSt tridn gido viCn tidu hpc
NXB Gido due H 2007
Tdi li^u tham khio
1 J M Denomme M Roy Ti^n tdi mOt phumig
phip sir pham tmrng tic (NguySn Van Tu^n - T6ng
Van Quan djch) NXB Thanh niin H 2000
2 D6 Dinh Hoan (chii bifin) Toin kirp I, 2, 3, 4, 5
NXB Gidoc/j/c.H 2004
SUMMARY
In the process of teaching, proper attention
should be paid to the role and Influence of
environment leachers therefore must create active
learning environment; giving interactive teaching in
the direction of self-formation of new knowledge
Van de xay dung
(Tiep theo trang 3)
dqc trung vdn hda eao d ngudi hqe - vd Id kit qud
mong dqi Kr vide DT CTTT d Viet Nam •
Tii lieu tham khio
1 BO GD-DT Di dn ddo tao theo chuang trinh tiin
tiin tgi mdt sd trudng dgi hgc ciia Viit Nam giai
dogn 2008-2015, H 2008
3 Cic giao viftn cua cic trudng dai hpc USA Cic bio
eio k^t thiic giing day Dai hpc Thai Nguyftn
3 Hi Sy H6 NhOng bii giing v£ quin li truvng hpc
NXB Gidod(<c,H, 1985
4 Pham Hdng Quang M6i truvng giio due NXB
Gido due, H 2005
SUMMARY
Environment of learning culture is an Important
element of educational Institutions The question is
how to make the environment of learning culture
In the very process of organizing
advanced-syllabus based education so that students can
receive new values of 'Imported' syllabus while
still keeping typical Identity of Vietnamese college
education According to the author, there are
several txjsic measures: providing students with
ability of properly Identifying learning purpose and
motivation; efflciently using working time at school;
radically changing learning style and cultural
communication behavior
Quan he giua giao due
(Tiep theo frang 13)
sy thdng nhdt ndy cd y nghia trye tilp to Idn, vi, sy tde ddng td hqp cua hai dqng GD se duqc tdng cudng Trong thuc tien, khi tiln hdnh GD cho HS,
SV, ede kudng vd tung gido vidn phdi kilm Hm cdc
bidn phdp phu hqp de GDPL vd GDDD vai Kr each
Id ede bidn phdp bd sung htfu eo eho nhau nhdm ddm bdo tdng cudng sy tde dqng Idn tinh edm, hinh thdnh hdnh vi hqp phdp, dqo dtrc d con ngudi Mdc do cd mdi quon he htfu co bidn chung vdi nhau, Kjy nhidn cdn phdi khdng djnh, se khdng
t h l hda Idn vd trdn Idn GDDD vd GDPL Tinh bidn chung ddi hdi phdi phdn bidt vd nhdn ra cdi ridng trong edi chung, cdi tdng the; nhdn ro cdc duy nhdt trong cdi ddc thu Dilu dd ehi ro rdng, cung vdi tfnh hd thdng vd td hqp eua qud kinh GD cdn phdi phdn bidt mdt cdch rd rdng ede da dqng khac nhau cuo GDDD vd GDPL GDDD khdng the thay thl GDPL, cung nhu GDPL khdng the thay thl GDDD,
vi moi hinh thuc GD cd myc dfch, nqi dung, hinh thtrc vd phuong phdp ridng cua minh Bdn cqnh
dd, Kiy h/ng Itfa Kidi md chung ta cd nhtfng noi dung GDDD vd GDPL phu hqp d l moi hinh thi/c phdt huy duqc vai k d cuo minh kong vide hinh thdnh nhdn cdch eua eon ngudi Viet Nam G
(1) M Rodentan (chii bien) Turdien Triet hoc NXB
Suthdt H 1986
(2) Giio trinh Triet hoc Mic-Lenin NXB Chinh tri
qudc gia H.1999
(3) Giio trinh I.i luin Mac-Lenin ve Nhi nuvc vi
Phip luit Khoa Luit Trudng Dai hpc quO'c gia
Hi NOi 2002
Tii lif u tham khao
1 Bin v£ giio due phap luit NXB Chinh tri quSc
gia H 1995
2 "PhOng cho'ng tOi pham, tft nan x i hOi trong truang
hoc" Hdi thdo khoa hgc Di Lat 14/12/2007
3 "Ning cao ctiit luqng giio due dao due trong truOng ph6
thOng" Hdi thdo khoa hgc TP HO Chf Minh 21/12/2007
4 Vai trO cua phip luit trong qui trinh hinh thinh
nhin cich NXB Tuphdp, H 2005
SUMMARY
Moral education and legal education, though having organic and dialectical relationships to each other It is necessary to distinguish between multiple types of ethics education and legal education, as well as attention should be given to age psychological characteristics so as to have appropriate contents for the moral and legd education process to pupils and students
Tap chi Giao due so 2 7 1 (ki i 10/2011)