THONG''''TIN* NHU''''NG KHO KHAN TRONG NGANH GIAO DUC 6 CHAU PHI Gido dye Id mdt trong nhftng uu tidn hdng diu cdn thyrc hidn dl^ddm bdo quydn lpi co bdn cua mdi ngudi Do dd, ^ t iihilu chuomg trinh dd dupe[.]
Trang 1THONG'TIN*
NHU'NG KHO KHAN TRONG NGANH GIAO DUC 6 CHAU PHI
Gido dye Id mdt trong nhftng uu tidn
hdng diu cdn thyrc hidn dl^ddm bdo
quydn lpi co bdn cua mdi ngudi
Do dd, ^ t iihilu chuomg trinh dd dupe triln
khai nham giup dd cac quIc gia dang phdt
triln thvrc hipn myc tidu xda mft chft ddt ra
ddn ndm 2015.Tuy nhidn, tgi ch^u Phi, cdng
vi^c ndy dang vip phdi rit nhidu khd khdn
do nhftng rdo cdn ve kinh tl, xd hdi va bpnh
HIV
, Dii vdi chdu lye ndy, svr chi phjli cfta kinh
td dang gdy ra tic ddng ldn nnidu mdt cfta
gido dye md trude het }d vdi nhftng dii
tupng dupe thvi hudng ndn gido dye, Hipn
tgi, cd khodng 60% sd trd em d chdu Phi
khdng dupe,ddn trudng Trong dd, vimg ph,ia
tdy cd phi sd tham gia vdo gido dye bgc tidu
hpc thdp hom cd nhu d Benm chi cd 872.217
hpc sum, d MaU Id 749.041 hpc sinh (sl
li^u thdng kd ndm 1999 cfta UIS), Gido dvip
trpr thdnh mdt,dieu xa xi l^i ddi sdng kinh td
bdp bdnh, thieu nhumg didu kipn co bdn nhi;
luong thvrc, nude sgch Theo mdt vdi con sd
dupe UNESCO dua ra, d Mali, Senegal,
Guinea vd Niger, thdi gian tljeo hpc chdnh
l?ch gift,a hpc sinh ngheo nhdt vd hpc^ sinh
gidu nhdt Id 1 ndm Jgi Nigeria c,on s^o ndy
cdn ldn hom gip 3 ldn Khodn ti^n can phi
cho gido dye auge udc tinh sd chidm V* tdng
thu nhdp cfta mdi hd gia dinh nghdo Vi dy
nhu d Congo, mdt nude vfta thodt khdi ndi
chidn, chi phi hpc tgp trung binh vdi npng
thdn Id 15USD/ndm cdn vdi th^nh phd Id
150U§D/ndm Didu ndy dd khidn cho mdt
nigra sd gia dinh phai ngftng vipc cho con cdi
tidp tyc theo hpc Cung vdj nguydn nhdn
xudt phdt tft dilu kipn kinh td, trd em d day
khdng nhimg khdng cd khd ndng tdi chinh dd
di hpc md cdn khdng dft thdi gian ddnh, cho
vi^c hpc Nhumg em dang Jrong dQ tudi di
hpc phdn ldn phdi d nhd dd giftp dd bo mp
gdnh vdc cdng vide gia dinh, thdm chi,
nhftng dfta trd ndy cdn phdi tham gia vdo
mdt sl cdng vipc ndng nhpc vd nguy hiem n|^u 1dm cdng nhdn khai thdc d cdc md vdng
de trvre tiep ddng gdp vdo nguon thu nhdp cho gia dinn Tiryi trgng ndy cung tgo ra mpt spy nghT pho bien d trd em khi chftng cho r|ng vipc cd rqpt nguon thu nl^dp on dinh thi tot hom rit nhidu so vdi vipc den trudng hpc Din ndm 2000, khi 8 myc tidv phdt triln thidn nidn ki dupe Lidn hpp qudc de ra, d chdu Phi, chuomg trinh "Gido dye cho mpi ngudi" (EFA) ^dupe triln khai rdng rdi Chinh,phft nhieu nude chdu,Phi thyc hipn vipc bit bude vd miln phi dii vdi gido dye
tidu hpc Vide 1dm ndy dSi giup cho sl lupmg
hpc sinh tang ldn ddng^kl O Kenya, khi gidp dye tilu hpc dupe mien phi hodn todn, sT sl hpc sinh cfta thft do Nairobi dd nhanh chdng tang ldn din 80% trong vdng 4 nam, Tuy nhidn, nhftmg cai cdch ndy Igi tgo ra sftc dp dii vdi ngudn cung cfta ngdnh gido dye md ddc bipt Id ddi ngu gido vien Theo udc tinh, chi ridng khu vyrc phia nam cua chdu Phi, ngdnh gido dvic^cin b l sung ngay 1,2 tripu gido vidn vd dilu ndy cflng ding ngJiTa vdi vipc phdi tdng thdm 50% ngdn sdch vdn da eo hpp cfta ngdrJi gido dvic dl trd luomg cho hp Mdt trong nhumg rdo cdn xd hdi khiln cho nhilu hpc sinh kbdrig cd co,hdi din trudng chinh la tinh trgng bat binh ddng gidi Sl lipu thing kd ndm 2008 cfta UNESCO cho bidt, tgi Imu vvre chdu Phi cgn Sahara, ti Id nam trong cdc bgc hpc dudi phi thdng phiem tdi 70.5% Ddy Id mdt trong nhumg kdt qud cy the cfta tinh trgng trpng nam khinh nft Hiu hit cdc em gdi phdi chiu trdeh nhipm gdnh vdc todn bd cdng vipc trong gia dinh Ben cgnh dd, nhumg em ndy cdn phdi dii mdt vdi mdt vin dd n^idm trpng khdc la sftc, dp tft phia gia dinh ddi hdi cdc em phdi, kit hdn sdrni Khdo sdt cfta cdc t l chftc quIc tl cho thiy mdt tinh trgng rit phi biln Id d khu, vyrc ndy, cd khodng 36%( phy nft trong dd tuli tft
Tgp cMnghiin ciru CHAU PHI & TRUNG D6NG sl 09(73) thdng 9/2011
Trang 2Iran Hong Trang Nhftng khd Ichdn trong nganh gido dye
20 din 24 dupe hdi dd tra ldi ring hp kit hdn
trude nam 18 tuli,
Ngoai ra, trudng hpc cftng khdng thuc sy:
la mdi trudng thdn thidn vd an todn doi vdi
hpc sinh nft, Hp vin phdi doi mdt vdi nhftng
nguy CO thudng trvre nhu phdn bi^t dii xft,
bgo Iftc hay lgm dvmg gidi tinh, Thdm chi, d
mdt sl noi nhu tinh Zamfara cua Nigeria, h i
trp hoc phi chi uu tidn ddnh cho naip, Nhftng
yeu to ndy khdng chi khiln cho nhieu em gdi
khdng dupe din trudng md cdn 1dm cho tinh
trgng bd hpc sdm, luu ban hay hpc trong
nhftng Idp hpc ddnh cho d^ tuli thip hom
diln ra khd phi biln Dii vdi nhflm^ em
dang di hpc, rat it em cd dilu kipn tiep tyc
hpc d nhOmg trinh dQ cao hom Nhu fi
Burundi, cd Idiodn^ 50% hpc sinh nam tiep
tyc hpc cho din het pho thdng cdn co hdi
ndy ddnh cho nft chi vao khodng 25%
Chau Phi Id chdu lye cd ty 1^ ngudi bi
nhidm HIV cao nhit thi gidi Dvr dodn den
ndm 2015, sd cd khodng 90 tripu ngudi chdu
Phi mang cdn bfnh nd)^ Hidn nay Nam Phi
la quIc gia cd ty Ip nhidm bpnh cao nhit vdi
vipc ghi nhgn 600 trudng hpp mdi ngdy.Dgi
dich HIV dang hodnh h ^ tgi ddy dl tgo ra
nhilu khd khan trong nganh giao dye Khdng
gilng vdi nhumg nguyen nhan khac, doi
tupmg chiu dnh hudng nhilu nhit tft cdn
bpnh ndy chinh Id ddi ,ng;fi gidp vidn Trong
tinh trgng gido dye thilu hyt vl nguIn cung
nhu hipn nay, cdc gido vid,n thudng xuydn
phdi di chuyen md Ididng the cd dilu kipn dl
dem theo vp hodc chlngj^ trinh dQ hpc vdn vd
mftc thu nhgp tuomg dpi cao khien hp tr^
thdnh mdt ddi tupmg hap dan bode mdt so
gido vidn cd, thi lpi dyng vi tri trong xd hdi
ciia minh dl dgt dupe nhOmg mli quan hp
gidi tinh khdng ding thugn Khi da bi nhilm
HIV, nhflmg giao vidn nay bude phai nghi
dgy do tinh tr,gng sftc khde cfta minh Ngoai
ra, cdn mdt sl nguydn nhdn khdch quan nhu
cha m? cfta hpc ,sinh coi hp Id nhftng tim
guomg xau cd thd dnh hudng din hpc sinh
hodc do svr thidu bidu bilt cfta nhflmg phy
huynh nay, hp cho ring chi cin bit tay hay
ndijchuypn vdi ngudi bi HIV cflng cd thi bi
nhidm virus Nhflmg suy nghT nay da gdy ra
cdn trd ldn cho ngdnh gido dvic b § nhd
ftudng bude phdi cd kl hogch thay dii lich
1dm vipc da dupe ldn tft mdt, nam trude dd
cfta cdc gido vidn dh thay thi cho gido vidn
bi bpnh Tuy nhidn, day khdng phdi Id mdt
cdng vipc don gidn khi tinh trgng Idy lan cfta dich b^nh ngdy cdng diln bien phftc tgp
Anh hudng trvre tilp cfta cdn bpn|;i nay dii vdi hpc sinh chinh la vide lam tram trpng thdm tinh trgng bd hpc Hpc, sinh bi nhilm HIV thudng ccTtdm ly nggi ddn trudng do bi ban bd tft chii cho phdp hda nhdp cdng done Ngodi ra, cdc gido vidn cpng thudng xuyen dua ra nhflmg cdu h^i thieu thipn chi
vl tinh trgng bdnh tdt khien nhflmg em ndy cdm thiy mdc cdm, tvr ^i khi di hpc.Trong trudng hpp bi dp phdi ddn trudng theo mv^c tidu thftc hipn chuomg trinh gido dye,bdt bude, nhflmg hpc sinh, ndy cflng Jdidng thd cd dilu kidn tdp trung dd hpc tgp tdt Thdm vdo dd„ vide thudng xuydn phdi vdng^mdt trong cdc Idp hpc do nhflmg quy dinh ve vide theo ddi tinh trgng sftc khde cftng khidn cho
nhflmg hpc sinh ndy khd cJS the thodt khdi
tiph trgng mft chft hodc thieu nhflmg kT ndng song CO bdn
Mdt khdc, dgj dich ndy cflng gay ra mgt hgu qud gidn tidp vdi ngdnh ,gido dye ,Mdi nim, cd hdng tripu dfta tre md cdi do ^d m? mgt sdm vi cdn bpnh HIV Theo sd lipu thdng kd ndm 2007 cua UNICEF, khodng 1 tripu trd em d Nigeria, 420.000 tre em d Bd bidn Ngd vd 300.000 t^e em d Cameroon bi virus HIV cucjrp di, bd,mp cfta minh Nhu vdy, cd thd chdc chdn rdng, trong hodn cdnh tlydu svr bdo vp vd cl)dm sdc, phftng em n^y gan nhu khdng cd dieu kipn de di hpc Phdn ldn khdng cd khd ndng chi trd hpc phi hodc phdi thay cha mp gift trdeh nhipm trong cdng vipc gia dinh Do dd, nhihig hpc sinh ndy sd phdi doi mdt vdi nguy co bi bdc Ipt sftc lao ddng, bi lgm dyng thay vi dupe di hpc nhu nhflmg trd em khdc
Nhu vdy, ngdnh gido dfjic d chdu Phi sd
phdi dii mdt vdi rat njiidu khd khdn, thft thdclj trong tuomg Igi ,de dgt dupe myc tidu
da de ra, Hp khdng thd chi trdng chd ydo sy
ho trp tft bdn ngodi md cdn phdi tyr bidt phdt huy sftc sdng tgo vd svr nd Ivrc de vupt qua dupe hodn caoih cfta chinh minh
Tong hpp: Iran Hong Trang
Dai hpc Hd Npi
Ngudn: http://\vww tinmoi vn/
http://www, uis unesco org/
http://www rti org/pubs/
http://www, africaeducationaltrust or^L http://web, worldbank org/
Tgp cMnghiin curu CHAU PHI & TRUNG D6NG sl 09(73) thdng 9/2011