II NGHIEN CCrU & CTNG DUNG THIET KE THIET Bj GIAO DUG TlTLAIVI HO XRCJ D A Y HOC HIIMH HOC K H O N G GIAN IS Trin Trung Trudng ou bi Dqi hgc Ddn tgc Sdm Son Ô ng Thanh Hung TrUdng THPT Tam Ndng tinh[.]
Trang 1II NGHIEN CCrU & CTNG DUNG
THIET KE THIET Bj GIAO DUG TlTLAIVI
H O XRCJ D A Y H O C HIIMH H O C K H O N G G I A N
IS Trin Trung Trudng ou bi Dqi hgc Ddn tgc Sdm Son O^ng Thanh Hung TrUdng THPT Tam Ndng tinh Ddng Thdp
Mpt phdn khdng the thieu
trong dviy hpc toan d trfldng
Trung hpc phd thdng (THPT)
hifn nay la sfl hd trp trfle
quan cua cac thiet bi d^y hpc
(TBDH) Tuy nhien, mdi loijii
thiet bj hd trp deu ed nhflng
flu dicm vd h^n chc nhat djnh
Do dd, vifc thiet ke vd sfl dyng
TBDH tfl lam trong d^iy hpc
mdn Todn Id mpt vifc can thiet,
vfla phu hpp vdi tinh hinh thflc
te gidng d^y, vfla huy dpng
dflpc sfl tich cflc, chu dpng va
sdng tao eua ngfldi d^y Bdi viet
ndy trmh bdy vifc thiet ke md
hinh hinh hpc khdng gian lam
phflpng tifn trfle quan trong
d?iy hpc giflp gidp vien (GV) sfl
dung trong d?y hpc khai nifm,
djnh ll, gidi bdi tap, vd giup
hpe sinh ed hinh anh trfle quan
hdn trong vifc hpe hmh hpc
khdng gian ldp 11 THPT
1 Chflc ning cua phfldng
tifn tn/c quan trong d^y hpc
Trong qua trinh day hpe,
chflc ndng cua phfldng tifn
trfle quan (PTTQ) the hifn
sfl tde dpng tich cflc cd djnh
hfldng den hpc sinh (HS) nhim
d?t dflpc mye dieh hpe t^p Cde
chflc nang chu yeu eua PTTQ
trong day hpc nhfl sau:
Phdt then hUng thu hgc
tap: Tao eho HS cam nhdn
dflp'e ede tinh hudng cd vin de,
tao ra sfl hflng thfl todn hpe Tai
Mian bdi ngdy 10/2/2012
U • TAP CHi THI^BI GIAO
Due-tto cho HS npi dung cae van de nghien cflu trong d^ng ngdn gpn, nham cung cd, ghi nhd, van dyng kien thflc
Truyen thu tri thUc: T90
ra cae hinh dnh cam tinh, cdc bieu tflpng vc ddi tflpng nghien cflu Giup nhdn thflc chuyen tfl
cy the den trflu tflpng Minh hpa bdng hinh anh eho ede khdi nifm trflu tflpng da biet tfl trfldc Khi nhdn thfle ehuyen tfl trflu tflpng den cy the
Hlnh thdnh ky ndng cho hgc sinh (HS): Giiip cho HS
vflpt qua dflpc mpt sd khd khan ve mat tfl duy, tfl dd phdt trien ky ning cua
HS Cho HS ldm quen vdi sfl sfl dyng
de tim ede kien thflc can thiet vd dp dyng
nd Ldm cho HS ldm quen vdi cdc phflpng phdp nghien cflu tpdn hpe
Dieu khien qud trinh dgy hgc: Hfldng dan phflpng phdp
trinh bdy ehu de nghien cflu cho gido vien (GV) Nhanh ehdng ldm xuat hifn vd ngflng truyen thdng tin hpc t^p trpng ho?it dpng nh^n thflc, khi kiem tra vd ddnh gia ket qui d^y hpc
Bdo dam
t h f l e hifn cde
h i n h thflc hpc
sd 79-3/2012
tdp cd bift vd phdn nhdm
2 Thiet kef thiet bj giao dye tfl lam hd tr^ d^y hpc hinh hpc khdng gian
2.1 Cdu tgo Vdt lieu: Nhdm ((p8), banh
nhfla (r =0.9em), Mica trong, day vd kim cut, nam chdm
Cdc chi tiet:
Dinh da difn:
<i
Dung kim cut xuyen qua cdc qua banh nhfla de ldm cdc dinh ndi cdc doan thing de tao cde hinh nhfl sau:
Do^m thing, dfldng thing, cguih da difn: Cit thanh nhdm thdnh nhflng doan co kieh thflde sao eho vifc tao eac hinh da difn dflpc thudn ldi nhat de t?o d o ^ thing, dfldng thing Thdng thfldng cat vdi kieh thflde 3em, 4em, 5cm,
Chuy:
O hai dau thanh nhdm, dung mpt phan dep lap bjt 1^ nhfl sau:
Trang 2NGHIEN CUu & UNG DUNG II
Mye dieh dung
de de ket ndi vd tao dp
bam vdi kim cut khi ket ndi cac
thanh nhdm vdi eac dinh dd
tao d tren
Cdc thanh nhdm, ed nhflng
thanh ed khoan Id de ludng cdc
spi day md ta thiet difn cua
mat phang vdi da difn
Mat phang: Cat mica
thdnh hai mieng theo kieh
thflde 3,5em x 5,0em
/ •f:';v'.i»?ry:>a
/
Tao hinh chieu vudng
gde: Dung ddy, banh vd kim ket
lai nhfl hinh sau:
y
Dung thanh nhdm >^'
md td eho dfldng thang, doan thing vd c?uih da difn
Dung mica C
md td eho mat phang
Tdng hpp cdc yeu td cua
thiet bj d^y hpe tfl ldm gdm:
2.2 Md td
Dung banh
td cho diem
nhfla md
mnh I
Md ta vj tri tflpng ddi eua diem vd dfldng thing; diem vdi mdt phang; dfldng thing vdi dfldng thing; dfldng thing vdi mdt phlng; mdt phlng vdi mdt phlng Dung dinh vd ede c^nh nhfl tren tao nen cdc hinh da difn nhfl hinh 1
3 Sfl dyng TBDH tfl lam hd tr^ day hpc hinh hpc khdng gian
3.1 Sii dung trong dgy hgc cdc khdi niem cua hinh hgc khonggian
* •
: ^
//(///; 2
J
Hinh 3
Hmh thdnh khdi niim ve
da dien
Dung 6 banh nhfla khde mdu md ta cdc dinh cua da difn, ede thanh nhdm dflpc cat theo kieh thflde phu hpp tao nen da dang cdc hinh da difn
vd day de md ta hinh da dien vd ede yeu td cua nd
Hinh thdnh khdi niim diem, dudng thdng, mat phdng
vd vi tri tUdng ddi cua chung
Md td vj tri tfldng ddi eua hai dfldng thing: Dung hai thanh nhdm
Md td vj tri tfldng ddi gifla dfldng thing vd mdt phlng: Dung mdt thanh nhdm vdi mpt mdt phlng bang mica
3.2 Sd dung trong dgy hgc cdc dinh li vd cdc tinh chdt cua hinh hgc khonggian
Chung ta eung sfl dyng eae thanh nhdm, banh nhfla va mdt phlng mica de thiet ke cde md
TAP CHi T H I ^ BI GIAO DUC-sd 79-3/2012 • 21
Trang 3II NGHIEN CCru & CTNG DUNG
hinh nhdm giup HS co sfl trfle
quan vd sfl thfla nhdn djnh 11,
tinh chat d mfle ban dau
7^.'TMTf
Hinh 4
Vi dy: De hfldng dan
chflng minh dinh U dfldng
thing vudng gdc mdt phlng ta
thflc hdnh thao tdc hfldng dan
tren hinh ben
3.3 Sii dung trong dgy hgc
gidi hdi tap hlnh hgc khdng
gian
Cic bdi tip hinh hpe
khdng gian ed the khien khdng
it HS gdp khd khdn Mpt trong
nhflng nguyen nhdn Id do HS
khdng ve dflpc hinh hode yeu
trong cdc ky nang nhfl xac djnh
gdc gifla dfldng thing vdi mdt
phlng, gdc gifla mdt phlng
vdi mdt phlng, Mpt trong
nhflng cdch giup HS thudn lpi
hdn trong tim each gidi ede bdi
tdp hinh hpc khdng gian Id sfl
dyng PTTQ Vi dy:
- Dl HS hinh thdnh ky
ning ve vi nim dflpc cic tinh
chit cua hmh chdp Khi d^y ve
hinh chdp, giip vien (GV) cho
HS quan sat cic md hinh nhfl:
Hinh 5
Sau dd tien hdnh GV dan dit, gpi md de HS tim ldi giii bai todn ve hinh chdp
Hinh 6
Di khic phye tinh t r ^ g
xie djnh khdng dung vi gde
gifla cae mdt, gifla c^nh vdi mit eua hinh da difn Trong d^y giii bii tip, GV cd the cho HS tiep xue vdi md hinh de HS cd sfl trfle quan chinh xie:
Tfl vifc hinh thdnh ky nang
ve hlnh, mpt sd ky nang can thiet
vd vifc ndm vflng cdc khdi nifm, ede tinh chat thi ky nang giai bai tdp eua HS se dflpc edi thifn Sfl dyng TBDH tfl lam trong day hpe hinh hpe khdng gian ldp 11 THPT vdi mye di'ch trfle quan hda mpt sd ddi tflpng hinh hpe se lam ehp vifc truyen tdi kien thflc den HS mpt each
di ddng hdn, gidm bdt edng sfle,
tiet kifm thdi gian vd ning cao tinh hifu qud Mdt khic, HS tiep thu kien thfle dflde tfl nhifn va
ed cd sd trfle quan hdn ve ddi tfldng hinh hpe, tao nen hflng thu hpc tap vd trd thdnh dpng lfle eho vifc tfl hpe, tfl nghien cflu eua HS Ddng thdi giup cde em cd them trdi nghifm vdi phfldng phdp hpc, phfldng phap khdm phd trpng tfldng lai
Tii lifu tham khio
1 Td Xudn Gidp, PhUdng
tiin dgy hgc (hUdng ddn che tqo
vd sU dung), NXB D^ hpc va
Trung hpc chuyen nghifp, 1992
2 Phd Dflc Hda, Ngo
Quang Sdn, Ung dung cdng nghe
thdng tin trong dgy hgc tich ciic,
NXB Gido dye, 2008
3 Tran Trung, Cng dung
cdng nghe thdng tin vdo dgy hgc mdn Todn d tirUdng phd thong,
NXB Gido dye Vift Nam, 2011
Summary This article presents the design self-teaching facihties as a means of visuahzation to support teachers use in teaching and help students with visual images than
in learning the space geometry 11th grade in high school
ll • TAP CHi THI^BI GIAO DUC-sd 79-3/2012