•JOURNAL ()!•'''' SCIENCE OF HNUE Educaticmal Sci 2011, \o l 56, No 1, pp 88 95 V A N D U N G CA D A O T U C N C C V I E T N A M N H A M K H d l D A Y N I E M SAY M E H O C T A P C U A H O C S I N H T R[.]
Trang 1•JOURNAL ()!•' SCIENCE OF HNUE
Educaticmal Sci 2011, \ o l 56, No 1, pp 88-95
V A N D U N G C A D A O T U C N C C V I E T N A M
N H A M K H d l D A Y N I E M S A Y M E H O C T A P C U A H O C S I N H
T R O N G D A Y H O C M O N G l A O D U G C O N G D A N
P H A N CONG DAN V6l DAO DifC
Dao Till Nfj,oc Minh
Tntdng Dai hoc Su plig.m Ha Ndi
I'.-mail: lucmaiili(|iian cyahoo.com
Tdm t i t Ca dao, tuc ngii la di san tinh than (pi.v ban la kho tri tluic ve
kinh nghiem eupc sdng va dao li lam ngUdi ma ong cha ta da de lai Nhihig
trilt ly giao due sau sic ciia nhan dan ta da dupc khai quat \a due ket qua
ca dao, tuc ngfr se cd tac dung lam cho cac bai hpc GDCD trd nen gin giii
than thUPng nhu ldi ru ciia me truyen kl (ua ba Co nhilu each khac nhau
de van dung ca dao, tuc ngu trong viec giang day mon GDCD p h i n cong
dan vdi dao diic nhu: Sii dung ca dao, tuc ngu trong viec giang giai kiln
thiic mdi, trong on tap va ciing co tri tluic, trong kiem tra danh gia kien
thiic Viec khai thac ca dao, tuc ngU thong qua cac bai giang GDCD la
mot hudng di mang ban s;ic rieng ciia iien giao due nUdc nha Dilu nay co
y nghia v6 cimg quan trpng dac biet la trong thdi ky hoi nhap (pioc t l hien
nay Mong ring, cac ban ddng nghiep hay cimg thap len ngon hia linh yen
ciia hpc sinh vdi mon GDCD cjua vice sim tam van dung ca dao tuc ngiif
trong day hpc bp mon nay d l mon GDCD lam dupc dieu ma cai ten cua nd
till hien - Giao diic cong dan!
1 Dat van de
Giao due cong dan (GDCD) la mot mdn khoa hpc xa hdi cd vi tri, vai tro dac biet (luan trpng trong trudug T H P F Cimg \di cac mdn hpc khac nd gdp phin dao tao ngudi lao dpng mdi \ u a ct) tri ihiic khoa hpc, cd dao diic, cd nang liic hoat ddng thuc tien, viia cd pham chat chinh Iri tU tudng, cd y thiic trach nhiem vdi cdng dong, gia dinh va ban than Tuy nhien, hien nay p h i n Idn hpc sinh phd thdng deu chua y tluic dupc tam (juan trpng ciia mdn hpc miy nen xem nhe, t h a m chi coi thudng mdn hpc, gid hpc mdn G D C D da p h l u hpc sinh it t a p trung, hpc thep kilu chong doi hoac lam viec rieng Co nhilu nguyen nhan d i n d i n thuc t r a n g tren song mdt trong nhiing nguyen nhan cP ban la do phUPng phap day cua giao vien chUa
tao dupc hiing thii vk n i l m sa>' me hpc tap d hpc sinh Vay lam t h i nao d l khpi day
Trang 2Van dung ca dao tuc ngU Viet Nam, nhdm khai day rncni say me hgc tap
nilm say me hpc tap d cac em? Khi tiin hilu vl ca dao, luc ngii Viet Nam tdi thay day la kho tang tri tue r i t cd ich lam cho gid giang mdn GDCD them sinh ddng hPn
va hpc sinh say me, hiing thii hpc lap hcin Trong pham vi bai bao na.\', tdi xin chia
se dl cac ban ddng nghiep cimg tham khao
2 N o i d u n g n g h i e n cu'u
2.1 Vai t r o cua ca dao, tuc ngu" trong day hpc mon G D C D
-P h a n Cong ddn vdi dao diic
Ca dao, tuc ngii la di san tinh thin qu.v ban, la kho tri tluic vl kinh nghiem cudc sdng va dao li lam ngirdi ma dng cha ta da dl lai Ca dao tuc ngfr chilm mot
vi tri quan trpng trong ddi song tinh than ciia nhan dan \ i va\- khai thac gia Iri
ciia nd dk van dung vao giang da}- mdn CIDCD phlu cdng dan vdi dao (lu:c chic
chin se khoi (la\- dupc nilm say me hpc tap ciia hpc sinh, gdp phan nang cao hieu qua da}' hpc bd mdn na}'
Muc tieu ciia phin mdn GDCD - Phlu cdng dan vdi dao diic la giup HS nim viing cac gia tri dao diic ciia xa hdi dl tii dd cd thai dp tdn trpng cac gia tri dao diic
ay hinh thanh nhiing hanh vi iing xu phii hpp vdi cac chuin muc dao diic ciia xa
hdi Ddng thdi cd quyet tam hpc tap ren luyen dk tu hoan thien ban than Dl thuc
hien muc tieu dd, npi dung mdn GDCD ldp 10 dupc ciu triic nhim giao due cho
hpc sinh tir nhan thiic din hanh vi dao diic theo nhung chuin muc cu thi nhU: hieu thao vdi dng bd cha me, tdn trgng thdy cd gido, yeu que huang ddt nitdc ben canh
dd giup cac em tu hoan thien ban than tlidng qua linh hdi cac khai niem vl luang tdm, trach nhiem, nhdn phdm, danh du va thiy dupc trach nhiem cua minh vdi
cdng ddng, cu xii sao cho hpp chuin miic dao diic
Giao due dao dure cho hpc sinh trong nha trudng la mot nhiem vu cd y nghia chiln lupc vd cung quan trpng nhu Bac Ho da khing dinh:
Hiin du phdi ddu la tinh sdn Phdn nhiiu do gido due md nen
Dac biet, trudc xu thi toan ciu hda vk hdi nhap quoc tl, trudc su phat triln
nhanh chdng ciia cdng nghe thdng tin va mat trai ciia cP chi thi trudng da va dang anh hudng khdng nhd den dao diic ciia gidi tre hien nay, mdt bd phan thanh thilu nien da cd nhiing bilu hien xuong d p vl dao diic thi viec giao due dao diic cho hpc sinh cang trd nen quan trpng va eln thilt Giao vien cin khai thac nhung gia tri ciia dao diic truyin thong da dupc dng cha ta diic kit trong ca dao tuc ngii dl giang day cho hpc sinh qua cac gid hpc ndi chung va gid hpc dao diic mdn giao due cdng dan ndi rieng Theo tdi, dd la con dudng ngin nhit nhim giao due dao diic mdt each cd hieu qua cho hpc sinh bdi le ca dap, tuc ngu la nhiing bai hpc dao diic viia sau sic lai cd vin dieu, dl hieu, dl nhd, dl an sau vao suy nghi ciia mdi chiing ta Ca dao,
Trang 3Dao Thi Ngpc Minh
tuc ngfr cfmg la nhiing bai hpc vo cimg quy gia ve cAch doi nhan xii the, each giao tiep ling xi'r giiia con ngUdi vdi nhau trong cudc song sinh hoat va ddi sdng xa hdi Vii mang tinh giao due cao Vi du, bug cha ta rat ciuan lam tdi viec giao due con ngudi trong cac mdi (|uaii he gia dinh nliU:
Con Ciii ])li;ii bill hilu thao vdi cha me:
Cd kh.dng d.n mudi cd uan Con kh,dng nglie ldi ch.a mc tram ditdng con hit
.\nh em pluii ven thUPiig h()a, thuan vdi nhau:
/\nh cm nhu the tag ehdn, /\n.h em h.oa ihu.gn h.ai thdn vu.i vay
\ p chdng thii}- chung chia iigpt se biii \di nhau:
Chdng em dio rach em tlutang
Chdng ngUdi do gdm xdng liuang mdc ngUdi
Xgoai ra tinh cam con ngudi vdi con ngUdi trcnig cdng ddng cung dupc the hien trong ca dao tuc ngii \ iet Xam:
Nhieu diiu phu lay gid guang, Ngudi trong mdt nude phdi thuang nhau cung
Tinh cam lang xdm lang gilng: Tdi lita tdt den cd nlnni Bdn anh em xa
mua Idng giing gdn
Hoac quan he ban be: Giau vi ban sang vi ea
Tinh cam t h i y trd: NliCit tit vi sa bdn tu vi sit
Mat khac, trong ca dao tuc ngfr Met Xam cdn chiia dung nhfrng bai hpc
khuyen day con chau vv each doi xu vdi que liUPng, clAt nude, vdi thien nhien, vdi
lao ddng \'a nhiing ngudi lao ddng nhu:
Cd ldm thi mdi cd dn
Khdng dung ai de mang phdn den cho
Hocic: An qud nhd ke trong cdy
Ca dao, tue ngii Viet Xam t h i hien kha rd net tinh giao due cua nd Dd chinh
la bai hpc kinh nghiem ma t h i he di trudc mudn dupc gufi g i m t r u y i n d a t lai cho cac t h i he con chau sau nay each an d sao cho hpp vdi dap trdi d l mai dupc hudng cudc sdng hda thuan, hanh phuc Bdi le dd, viec van dung nhiing gia tri dao diic
Trang 4Van dung ca dao tuc ngii Viet Nam nhdm khai day niem say me hgc tap
truyin thdng trong ca dao, tue ngu" se khoi day dupc nilm say me, hiing thii hpc
tap ciia hpc sinh dpng thdi gdp phlu nang cao hieu (\uk giao due dao diic cho gidi
tre hien nay
Giao due dao diic la mot bd phan quan trpng Irong cpui Irinh phat triln hoan thien nhan each cho ngudi hpc Nhfmg trill ly giao di.ic sau sAc ciia nhan dan la da dupc khai cpiat va diic kit qua ca dao, tuc ngfr nhu an sau vao man I hit ciia mdi ngudi dan \iet Xam se cd tac dung lam cho cac bai hpc dao diic trd nen gin giii than thUPng nhu ldi ru ciia me, trii}'eii ke ciia ba
Giao due dao diic cho hpc sinh di.ra tren vice khai thac ca dao, tuc ngfr thdng
qua cac bai giang la mdt hudng di mang ban sric rieng cua iilii giao due nude nha Gdp phan hoan thanh nhiem vu giao due nui Dang va Xha nUdc ta dl ra, dd la tao
ra nhiing con ngudi viia "hong" vira '•chu}en" Dieu miy ed v nghia vd cung quan trpng, dac biet la trong thdi ky hdi nhap quoc te hien mi}'
2.2 Cach thiJc van dung ca dao, tuc ngiJ trong day hoc mon
G D C D - phkn Cong ddn vdi dao dttc
2.2.1 Sii dung ca dao, tuc ngii trong viec giang day kien thiJc mdi
Cd nhilu each khac nhau de sir dung ca dao, tuc ngfr trong viec giang day kiln thiic mdi mdn GDCD
Cdch tfitt nhdt dua ra cae nhdm cau ca dao ndi ve trang thai cua tinh veu,
sau dd chia ldp thanh cac nhdm dl thao luan
Yi du khi phan tich "tinh }'eu la gi?" (bai 12 - Cdng ddn vdi tinh yeu, hdn nhdn vd gia dinh):
Xhdm 1:
Nhd ai bdi hdi bdi lidi Nhu diing dong lua nhu ngdi dong than
Minh nhd ta nhu ed ntid mudi
Ta nhd minh nhu cudi nhd trdng
Xhdm 2:
Nhdm 3:
Dieu say diiu dd diiu Idn Anh thuang em mdi nhu dn, phdu bua
Qua dinh ngd ndn trdng dinh, Dinh bao nhieu ngdi thuang minh bdy nhieu
Trdch chdng dn d chdp chinh
Trang 5Dao Thi Ngpc Minn
Em, nIhU tliuyen lining lenh drnh, giila ddng
An.h ndi vdi em nhu riii eh.em xuong dd
Nhu rg eh.em xudng ddt NliU mgt rdt vdo Un Ihiy gid <uili da ngh.e ai
Bd em gtda clion n.on doai klid clnta?
(';ic nhdm cii dai dien len trinh l)a}' cam nhan ciia miuh ve cac trang thai tinh yfMi the hien trong dd Sau dd giao vi(Mi dUa ra kit luan cac trang thai ciia tinh y('>u nhu: nhd, ihUPng, gluMi tuong sau han
Cacli th.it 2 cd the dua ra nhiing can ca dao tuc ngfr trai ngUPc nhau
\'i (lu khi ndi tdi (luan he giiia cha me \-a con cai Irong bai 12:
Hien thao:
('dng cha nhit nu.i Tlid.i san Nghia me nhu nU.de Irong ngudn chay ra
Mdt Idng thd me kinh cha Clio trdn chit litPu mdi Id dao con
Bat hilu:
Cha me nudi con bdng trdi Ijdng be Con nudi ciia me am ke titng ngay
Sau dd hudng d i n hpc sinh khai thac y nghia ciia tiing can mot va chi ra y nao diing, v nao sai \ i sao? Xii kit hpp nhu \'a}- cluing ta se riit dupc kit luan diing
d i n vl bdn phan ciia con cai vdi cha me
\'di hinh tluic na}' cluing ta clui v khdng nen qua lam dung ma dUa ra qua nhieu can tuc ngii, ca dao trong mdt bai giang vi nliU va}' se d i n tdi phan tan sii clui V cua hpc sinh hoac sir nham chan trong qua trinh da}' hpc
2.2.2 Sii d u n g ca d a o , t u c ngiJ t r o n g o n t a p va c u n g c 6 tri thufc
Ciing vdi cac hinh tluic dn tap khac ca dao, tiic ngu" se gdp p h i n da dang hda
va lam h i p dan nhan tlnic cfmg nhu cam xiic cua cac em doi vdi mdn hpc xUa nay van dupc xem la khd khd \'a Iriiu tUpng
\ i ' du: Em hay cho bilt can tuc ngii: "Ga ciing mdt me chd hoai da nhau" ndi tdi quan he nao trong gia dinh? Tai sao?
Sau khi phan tich hpc sinh se hilu rd liPn quan he anh, chi em trpng gia dinh Theo em ngudi dan dng trong can tuc ngu: sau da vi p h a m nguyen t i e nao
trong luat Hon nhdn vd gia dinh, ndm 2000 ciia nUdc ta? Tai sao?
Trang 6Van dung ca dao tuc ngi't Viet Nam nhdm khai day niim say mc hgc tap
"Ldm trai ndm, tlie bdy thiep Phdn gdi chi quyit mat be nudi con'' ( Tuc ngii)
Tra ldi: \ i pham nguyen trie: Hdn nhan lu nguyf'n lien bo mdt vp mdt chdng,
vp chong binh ding M theo dilu 18 chupng 3 ciia liial Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam
2000 ciia nude ta thi: "Vp chdng chung thuy, Ihupng }-eu (|uy trpng, chain sdc giiip
dd nhau ciing nhau xay dung gia dinh no Im, binh ding, tien l)p, hanh phuc, bin viing"
2.2.3 Suf dung ca dao, tuc nguf t r o n g k i l m t r a d a n h gia k i l n thufc
Day la mot hinh thiie giiip ngudi giao \'ien danh gia dupc kha nang hieu va
van dung kiln thiic GDCD ciia hpc sinh x'ao giai (iu}e1 vlu de dat ra
\ i ' du: Bing li luan va thue tien cuoc song hay lam sang td can ca dao:
"Bail ai th,itan,g lay bi cimg Tuy rdng khde giong nhung cliung nwt gidn
Hay dudi hinh thiic trie nghiem: Em dong y vdi can tuc ngu, ca dao nao ha}-danh din X:
Tu ddu cho bdng tu nhd
Thd cha kinh me mdi Id ehdn tu
Cha me nudi con bdng trdi bang be Con nudi cha me con ke tiing ngdy
Trd.u de luc chit ti rudi
\iee su dung ca dao, tuc ngii trong kilm tra danh gia se giiip hpc sinh cd kha nang khai thac, phan tich va lap luan mdt vin dl GDCD Ddng thdi, cd kha nang van dung tri thiic mdn GDCD vao thuc tiln cudc song
Xhu vky cd thi ndi ring ca dao, tuc ngii cd thi van dung trong rit nhilu hinh
thiic day hpc bp mdn GDCD lam cho viec giang day bd mdn GDCD ndi chung va
phin Cdng ddn vdi dao ditc ciia ldp 10 ndi rieng hip din hon, dl hilu hpn, dl nhd
va dl van dung vko thiic tiln hpn Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh day hpc tii}- theo tiing
chuPng, tiing phin ma ngudi giao vien ed thi sii" dung mdt each hpp li nhfmg hinh thiic tren dl nang cao chit lupng bd mdn
2.3 Ket qua mvtc do hiJng thu, say me hoc t a p cua HS khi day
hpc bang phUdng p h a p si( dung ca dao, tuc ngiJ
Dl do mire dp hiing thii ciia hpc sinh khi van dung ca dao, tuc ngU \ i e t Xam
vao day hpc phin Cdng ddn vdi dao di2c mdn Giao due cdng dan ldp 10, tac gia da
tiln hanh day thuc nghiem
Trang 7Dao Thi Ngpc Minh
Bdng 1 Miic do hiing thu cua hgc sinh khi van dung
ca dao, tuc ngU Viet Nam vdo day hgc phdn "Cdng ddn vdi dao diic" mon Gido due cong dan ldp 10
C a n hoi
Can 1 C!a.in nhau ciia, <nn ve bai giang
theo hudng nay nhu the nao?
('au 2 Theo em mirc d() kich thich
tmh t u (luy cua hai gi;uig ra sao?
('ail '5 So v(')i phUPng p h a p day hpc
truyen thdng thi i)lur{nig p h a p day hoc
mdi nay co tao din.fc hiing thii hpc tap
tdt luni khong?
Cau A Em tliay (•(') nen sir dung
ca (lao, tuc ngfr ti'ong day hpc mon
GDCD nfra khong Vi sao?
Phu'dng 6 n
a D(' h i l u 1) Binh thuong
c Khd hieu
a (!ao i) Ifmh thUcing
c T h a p
a C'd
b Khong
a C(')
b Khong
T r a ldi
r(Ti7i2o
19/120
0 87/120 3.3/120
118/120
2 120/120
0
%
84,2 15,8
0 72,5 27,5
0 98,3 1,7
100
0
Thuc nghiem nay diln ra tai 3 ldp 10 trudng THPT Chuyen Ngoai ngii Trudng Dai hpc Xgoai ngU Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Xdi sau dd ll}' y kiln trUng elu
ciia 120 em hpc sinh Kit qua khao sat cho tlilv phlu Idn hpc sinh (chilm d>A,2%)
diu cho ring su dung cao dao, tuc ngii vao bai giang se giiip cho bai giang de hieu liPn Cd tdi 72% sd HS dupc hdi cho ring phupng phap nay kich thich dupc tinh tiT duy cua hpc sinh Dac biet 98,3'/( hpc sinh danh gia ring phupng phap van dung ca dao tue ngu" tao dupe hiing thii tot hPn cho hpc sinh so vdi phuong phap da}' hpc truyin thdng 100% cac em diu ling hd \iec van dung ea dao tuc ngfr khi day hpc
mdn Giao due cdng dan, nhit la phin Cdng ddn vdi dao ddc mdn Giao due cdng
dan ldp 10
Xhu vav, kit qua thue nghiem da khing dinh tinh dung din chan thiie cua
viec sii dung ca dao, tuc ngii trong da}' hpc phin Cdng ddn edi dao diic - GDCD
ldp 10 ndi rieng va mdn GDCD ndi chung d trudng THPT Xd lam cho hoat dpng da}' \a hpc trd nen hiing thii nhd dd ma hieu qua day hpc dupe nang cao dap iing }'('m ciu giao due hien dai Dd cfing la giai phap thiic sir dem lai gia tri trong viec nang cao chat lupng day hpc mdn Giao due edng dan hien nay
3 Ket luan
Co nhic^'u ylu to tao nen hiing thii \'a tinh thin say me hpc tap cua hpc sinh Lau na}' chiing ta diu cho ring viec hpc sinh khdng yen thich mdn GDCD la do kiln thiic nang, trim tupng, khd khan Tuy nhien eln phai t h i n g t h i n nhin nhan mdt phin nhilu loi la d giao vien chiing ta chua thuc sii tam huylt, dau tu cho gid giang Vi vay, qua bai vilt na}' chiing tdi mupn chia se vdi cac ban dong nghiep mpt chiit kinh nghiem cua ban than d l chung ta ciing t h i p len ngon liia tinh yen cua
Trang 8Van dung ca dao tuc ngU Viet Nam nhdm khai day niem say me hgc tap
hpc sinh vdi mdn GDCD dl mdn hpc nay lam dupe dilu ma cai ten ciia nd thi hien
TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO
[1] Bi^ii Hpang Son, 2009 Khai day niem hitng thii vcH hgc smh trong day hgc mdn Gido due cdng ddn Tap chi Da-}' va lipe ngay nay, sd tit
[2] Dinh \kn Diic Dupng Thi Thii}' Nga, , 2010 Day hcjc l.h.eo chudn kiin tkdc,
ky ndng m,dn GDCD ldp 10 Xxb Dai hpc Su pham
[3] Le Thi \ an Anh, Xgii}lu \k\\ Hai, Xgii.v('n Thi Thao, 2010 Kha,i thdc gid tri cua tuc ngit de gido due dao ddc cho hgc stnh phd thdng qua day hgc phdn cdng ddn vdi dao ddc - GDCD ldp 10 Tap chi Giao due, sd 273
[4] Xguyin Thi Qu.vnh PhUPiig, 1999 \'dn dung tuc ngU, ea dao Viet na,m trong day hoc mdn Gido due hgc d trudng CDSP Hdn Ph.dng Luan van Trudng Dai hpc
Qudc gia Ha Xdi
[5] Xgu}'ln Thi Kim Oanh 2010 Mdt sd bien phdp phdt huy tinh tich cite, sdng tao ciia hgc sinh THPT trong hgc tap mdn GDCD Tap chi Giao due, sd 236
[6] Xguyin Si Qu}'lt Tam, 2003 Day vd hoc mdn GDCD a trudng THPT Tap chi
Giao due so 62
[7] Xguyen \'an Hirng, 1992 Viec gidng day ca dao, tuc ngU trong tinh yeu Tap chi
Giao due sd 10
[8] Xguyin \ an Cu, 2008 Gido due dao ditc cdch mang cho HS ldp 10 THPT qua viec day vd hgc mdn Gido due cdng ddn Tap chi Giao due, sd 186
[9] \Ti Xgpc Phan 1997 Tuc ngit, ca dao, ddn ca Viet Nam Xxb Van hpc
A B S T R A C T Manage Viet N a m proverb eclogue for arouse feeling deep
in study riches is pupilary in vv^ho profess education disciphne is civil
Folk songs and proverbs are a precious spiritual heritage, a repository of knowl-edge and direct experience of life inherited from our forefathers The profound phi-losophy of education of our people has been generalized and summarized through folk songs and proverbs which will work to make the lessons GDCD closer to our dear mother's words and stories told by her There are various wa}'s to translate folk songs and proverbs in teaching GDCD using morals in folk songs and proverbs to explain new knowledge, the revision and consolidation in the assessment of knowledge The exploitation of folk songs and proverbs through lectures GDCD to identit}-separate directions of education in this country This fact is extremely important, especially during the current international integration Hopefully, your colleagues will join up to light the fire for the love of the subject GDCD students Through the collection, using folk proverbs in teaching this subject, GDCD will do what its name shows Educate citizens!