JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2011, Vol 56, No 4, pp 117 125 T H U C TRANG KY NANG PHAT TRIEN C H U d N G TRINH GIAO DUG CA N H A N TRE KHUYET TAT CUA GIAO VIEN MAM NON Nguygn Thi Thanh H[.]
Trang 1JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE
Educational Sci 2011, Vol 56, No 4, pp 117-125
T H U C T R A N G K Y N A N G P H A T T R I E N
C H U d N G T R I N H GIAO DUG CA N H A N
T R E K H U Y E T TAT CUA GIAO V I E N M A M N O N
Nguygn Thi Thanh Huyen
Trudng Cao ddng Su pham Tru7ig Uang
Tom tat Bai viet cung cap nhfrng thong tin quan trpng vl ky nSng phat
triln chuPng trinh giao due ca nhan cho tre khuylt tat ciing phan tich nhiing
vai tro quan trpng cfia cac ky nang phat triln chUPng trinh giao due ca nhan
vdi viec day hpc tre khuylt tat cua giao vien noi chung ciing nhu giao vien
mam non ndi rieng Bai vilt ciing cung d p nhiing so lieu thuc te tff viec
khao sat 300 giao vien mam non day tre khuylt tat hoa nhap Tir kit qua
khao sat, tac gia ciing chi ra nhiing nhiem vu cin thilt cho cac co s6 dao
tao giao vien giao due dac biet nhim nang cao chit lupng dao tao giao vien
tai cac cP sd nay ndi chung ciing nhu nhan manh den ky nang phat trien
chupng trinh giao due ca nhan cho tre khuylt tat nhu la mot yeu ciu tat
yeu xuit phat tff thuc tign
1 Dat van de
Tre khuylt tat (TKT) la nhiing doi tupng cd nhiing khilm khuylt vl mat thi chit din den suy giam nhiing chiic nang trong cP thi lam anh hudng true tiep den qua trinh nhan thiic, sinh hoat, xa hdi ciia cac em Day la mdt nhdm doi tupng d n nhan dupe sii quan tam cua cac d p , cac nganh trong xa hdi ma dac biet la nganh giao due Thuc t l hien nay, giao due hoa nhap dupc thuc hien d t i t ca cac d p hpc
da khing dinh mdt hudng di phii hpp va hieu qua, dam bao cP hdi va su binh ding cho TKT Cd t h i ndi, giao due hda nhap dem lai cP hdi va su phat triln cho nhdm tre nay: tre dupc tham gia vao cac hoat ddng, cimg hpc trong chuong trinh giap due phd thdng Song ddi vdi TKT, do bi khilm khuylt vl mpt hay mpt sd chiic nang cua CP the nen nhu d u dupe hd trp cu thi, true tilp tren cP sd tfnh din nhiing nang liic va nhiing dieu kien ca nhan cang ddi hdi dupc dap iing ca thi, thilt thuc hon bao gid hit Chinh vi vay nd ddi hdi mpt ki nang d n thiet d ngudi giap vien: day hpc dap ling nhu d u ca nhan cua tre
Thuc te kit qua thu dupc tfr cac chuPng trinh giap due hda nhap TKT ciing chi ra rang: giao due hda nhap se dat dupc hieu qua cao nlu giao vien day tre cd ki nang thilt kl chUPng trinh hd trp ca nhan phii hpp chp tfrng doi tupng TKT nhim thuc hien cac muc tieu giao due De cd dupc nhiing kl nang nay ddi hdi ngUdi giao
Trang 2Ngii.y(''n Thi Thanh Huygn
vien i)hai dupc hoc la]) va ri-n lu.yen cpia cac chUPng trinh dao tao, bdi dudng Xem x(''t nhfrng kit ciiil Hi thi.rc tien, x;ic dinh rd nhiing tdn tai cung nhU yeu d u vl mpt ngirdi giao vi(''ii cd kha uang dap iing dupe nhfrng ddi hdi tn'-ii se cd y nghia quan trpng cho cac e() sd dao tao giao vi(''ii day TKT hi^n nay
2 Noi d u n g n g h i e n cu'u
2.1 Vai tro cOia ki nang phat tri§n chUdng trinh giao due ca
nhan (PT CTGDCN) trong day hoc T K T
Day hoc \ei cho ciing hi dap iing nhu d u hpc hdi ciia iigiidi hoc De dat dupc
muc dich nay iiguiti day can pluii thi.rc sU hilu In'', hilu nhiing khd khan, nhu d u cfmg nhu nhfrng dilm manh ciia chiing Do vay nhiing tlujiig tin \('' TKT dupc xac lap Irong ban ke hoach giao due ca nhan (KHGDCX) la nhiing can cii cd v nghia
v() cimg quan trpng dk ugUdi giao vic'ui cd thi hilu lr(' cd the cd nhfrng gpi y ban
diu trong viec day IK' phat triln moi quan he tUPng tac phii hpp trong qua trinh day hpc Dl nang cao chat lupng ciia qua trinh miy, giao vien thudng chii y din viec
cd nhdn hda viee day hpc Dd la ap dung cac bien phap va ki thuat cu the chuyen
bi("'t vdi nhip dp, dilm xuit phat tai lieu, bien phap hpc tap rieng; diia vao kinh nghiem va ki nang tiln hanh hoat dpng hpc tap dudi su hd trp hudng d i n chuyen biet ciia giap vien dl thuc hien cac nhiem vu hpc tap cua hpc trinh nhim dat muc tieu va tuan thep hpc trinh chung
\iec xac dinh cac muc tieu trong qua trinh da}' hpc TKT co v nghia vd cung quan trpng Ngoai viec hudng din nhiing ndi dung hay cac ki nang thudc vl chUPng
trinh chung, cac hoat ddng day hpc nay cdn hudng den muc tieu gidi quyet cdc kho khan do chinh khuyit tat ciia tre mang lai ha}' ndi each khac la thuc hiii-n cac "muc
tieu can thiep tre" Cac muc tieu luu' dupc xa}' duiig tren cP sd giao vien da tim hilu ki kha nang va nhu d u ngay khi tilp nhan tre va sau mpt loat nhfrng quan sat, danh gia viec tre thirc hien cac hoat dpng cfmg nhu viec giao vien phan tich chuPng trinh giao due hien hanh vdi kha lumg \'a van dl cua tre Se khdng cd mOt chuong trinh chung cho b i t cir TKT nao \ i moi tre cd nhiing kha nang va nhu d u khac nhau ngay trong cimg mot dang khuylt tat
- PT CTGDCN, (on bao ham ca \i(^c to chufc thuc hien chUPng trinh trong do
ki nang thilt kl cac hoat dpng tinh tdi su tham gia tdi da cua TKT cfmg nhu viec thuc hanh cac ki nang day hpc cP ban ciia giao vien cd \'ai trd hit siic quan trpng Mdt chuPng trinh tot gdp phin nang cao hieu qua giao due nhung viec thilt kl nhfrng each thiic td chiic cac hoat ddng giiip tre dat dupc muc tieu cua chUPng trinh lai d n thilt va quan trpng hon ca Trpng giao an, viec lira chpn cac phuong phap day hpc TKT dupc cu thi hoa bing cac hpat dpng cua giap vien va hoat dpng cua TKT Sir tham gia ciia tre vao cac boat dpng dd se danh gia hieu qua cac phudng phap giao vien lua chpn va thuc hien
Vl mat V nghia thiic tien, CTGDCN se giiip ta bilt phai lam gi vdi tiing hpc sinh nlu mudn dap iing nhu d u va phat huy kha nang cua tfrng em; gdp phan hi
Trang 3Thuc trgng ki ndng phdt trien chuang trinh gido due cd nhdn tre khuyit tdt
trp giap vien khi xay dung va thuc hien hoat ddng giang day - giao due Ddng thdi,
nd gdp phan danh gia qua trinh tiln triln cua tre vdi muc tieu da dl ra Viec chuin
bi trong qua trinh nay se cung d p nhfrng cP hdi cho cha me, giao vien, nhan vien trong trudng va cac thanh vien khac cd lien quan tdi tre - ngudi cd nhu d u dac biet, bilt dupc cac nhu d u ciia tre, tren cP sd dd thilt kl chuong trinh phii hpp vdi nhiing nhu d u ca nhan
2.2 T h u c t r a n g ki nang P T C T G D C N cua giao vien m a m non
Trpng cdng trinh nghien ciiu ciia chiing toi ve Thuc trang PT CTGDCN TKT
[2], cua giao vien mim non dupc thuc hien tren 300 giao vi('>ri mini non day TKT d cac tinh Ha ndi, Brie Can Nha Trang \'a Hd Chf Minh cho thay:
2.2.1 Nhan thufc cua giao vien mam non ve C T G D C N va ki nang P T
C T G D C N cho T K T
Mac dii GX a cac dia phuong nay phlu Idn chi qua cac ldp bdi dudng chuyen
mon, song hp cd nhfrng nhan dinh vl CTGDCN va ki nang PT CTGDCN kha tdt; hilu bilt cua giao vien vl nhiing ki nang PT CTGDCxN thi hien qua viec giao vien
da xac dinh dupc nhiing ylu to ban chit cua CTGDCN bao gdm:
CTGDCN la chuong trinh danh rieng cho mdi ca nhan TKT;
Xay dung CTGDCN se giiip cho giao vien bilt hd trp tre cai gi, khi nao va bang each nao;
\ i e c danh gia va tim hilu nhu d u ca nhan la ki nang tien quylt, GV cd the
can cii dua tren cac mdc phat triln tre binh thudng dk nhan dien nhiing "van dl"
cua tre;
Bit ke TKT nao ciing cd thi hpc dupc nlu giao vien xay dung dupc CTGDCN cho tre:
GX day hda nhap d n cd kl nang dilu chinh (muc tieu, ndi dung, phupng
phap, hinh thiic td chiic);
- De cd mdt CTGDCN hieu qua giap vien ciing d n cd ki nang phan tfch day hpc va thiet kl cac hoat dpng day hpc phu hpp vdi mdi doi tupng tre
Cac nhan dinh vl PT CTGDCN ciia giao vien khi dupc hdi vin cd mdt sd y kiln cho ring: "Day hda nhap khdng d n chuPng trinh GDCN, CTGDCN chi danh chp day chuyen biet" - y kiln nay cd ty le philu chilm 17% Tuy sd lupng y kiln nay khdng nhieu nhung day la nhiing nhan dinh hit siic sai lim, d n phai thay ddi
dac biet trong mdi trudng hda nhap Mpt y kiln khac lai cho ring "KHGDCN la
CTGDCN" Xet d mpt khf a canh nao dd thi sir danh dong nay cd thi chip nhan dupc vi ke hpach GDCN ciing la su cu thi hda ndi dung chuPng trinh giap due thep tfrng giai dpan cho mpt TKT nap dd
2.2.2 Kl nang P T C T G D C N cho T K T
• Cdc ki ndng nin tdng
Qua kit qua khao sat cho thay: trong cac ki nang nIn tang (bao gdm quan
Trang 4Nguyin Thi Thanh HuyIn
sat, ghi chep, phan tich th(')ng tin va xic dinh cac vin d l chfnh d n hd trp tre) thi
giao \ i(">n hien nay mdi chi chii y nhilu den viec td chufc clc hoat dpng giao due va
cho rang day 11 mdt ki nang (pian trong va d n thilt Clc ki nang nhU quan sat, ghi
clu'^]) cac bilu hien ciia V\e va phan tfch nhfrng gi quan sat dupc cd t.v le khdng cao
chiing td cae giao vifm thudng xem nhe hoac khdng cd thdi quen thiic hien nhifng
ki nang iia.v
Lupng gia va xdc dinh miic do chiic ming hi(;n tai (ua tre la mpt ki nSng ddi hdi ngirdi giao \ien phai cd chiiy("'ii mdn cao Lupng gia cd chfnh xac mdi xac dinh
dupc vAii (le elm hd trP cho tr(\ Kit (pia khao sat cho thay dilm trung binh M =
3,80 va chi sd SD 1,00 Dieu miy cho thay cac y kiln cfmg cd sU khac biet song so
\di ki nang quan sat, ghi chc^p va phan tich thdng tin thi giao vi(''n van chu v thiic
hien nhilu hPn Su khac bi(:'t do each hieu vh "lupng gia mfifc dd cluic nang hien tai"
khdng thdng nhal Irong tluic le thi day van la nhiing ki nang ma giao vien mim non van suf dung thudng xuyen mdi cd the tiln hanh day tre dupc
• Kl ndng hiiu tre vd phan tich nhu cdu cd nhdn
Hilu tre va phan tfch nhu d u ca nhan la nhiing ki nang quan trpng va d n thilt trudc khi xay dung dupc mpt chUPng trinh cho tre \ iec phan tfch na}' diia tren nhiing kit qua ma giao vic'm quan sat va danh gia tre Mdi tre la mpt biic tranh khac biet va da dang, vin dl la giao vien phai bilt dupc khd khan chfnh cua tre la
gi? Thao gd vin dk nao d l giai quyet nhiing khd khan khac ciia tre? Nhfrng dilu
gi d n luu tam them khi giao vien td chiic cac hoat dpng cho tre tham gia va thuc hien?
Kit qua khao sat cho thiy: hiu hit giao vien da xac dinh rat hieu tre va nim
b i t cac nhu d u ca nhan tUPng doi tdt Tuy nhien, dk phan tfch cac thdng tin thu
dupc nhim xac dinh dupc "vin dl chinh' d n hd trp tre ciing nhu npi dung d n hS
trp hay thii tu uu tien cho viec giai quylt cac \'an dk cua tre cho thiy giao vien
cdn rat khd khan
• Cdc kl ndng phdn tich day hgc vd tliiet ke cdc hoat dgng day hoc phu hap vdi cd nhdn tre
Day la nhdm ki nang d n thilt dam bao cho chUPng trinh xay dung dupc mang tfnh kha thi, sat thuc vdi nhu d u cua ca nhan tre Nhiing ki nang nay ddi hdi ngudi giao vien phai bilt lua chpn ndi dung gi (1(~^ giiip TKT cd kha nang tham gia cac hoat ddng chung, va nhiing hoat ddng nay phai cd y nghia \'di tre Dl dat dupc muc dich nay, ngoai viec liia chpn npi dung, ngudi giap vien ciing d n phai xac dinh dupc miic dp hay yeu d u d n dat trong viec tre thiic hien cac nhiem vu cua minh; xac dinh dupc each thiic td chiic sao (ho tre linh hpi dupc bai hpc mpt each hieu qua
Bang 1 dudi day chp thi}' cac ki nang giao vien cdn han chi nhu: thiet kl cac hoat ddng chung cd tinh tdi su tham gia va giai quyet cac van de ciia TKT ciing nhu nhiing ki nang lien quan din viec lua chpn nhiing npi dung, hinh thiic td chiic giiip TKT tham gia dupc cac hpat dpng cua ldp ciing nhu giai quyet dupc "vin de" khd khan ciia chiing cd chi so M chi dat 1,72 va 3,43; cac can tra ldi ciing t h i hien
y kiln dong nhit qua chi sd SD = 0,92 va 0,68
Trang 5Thuc trgng ki, nang phdt triin chuang trinh gido due cd nhan tre khuyit tdt
Cac ki nang cdn lai nhu dilu chinh hay long gh(''p, tich hpp muc tieu giiia CTGDCN va chuong trinh chung giao vien thirc hien kha tot vdi M = 4,02 va 3,49
Bdng 1 Cdc kl ndng phdn tich day hgc vd thiet ke cdc hog,t dgng day hgc phu, hdp vdi cd nhdn tre
I t e m
1 Lua chpn dupc nhiing ND,
phuong tien, P P va each thiic
to chiic di TKT tham gia dupc
trong cac HOC va cac hoat dpng
lien quan din ''van dl" ciia tre
2 Xac dinh va tich hpp dupc
muc tieu, chuPng trinh GDCN
ciia TKT vao chUPng trinh chung
trong mdi hoat dpng DH
3 Dieu chinh npi dung, phupng
phap cho phu hpp vdi TKT
4 Thiet ke cac hoat dpng chung
tinh tdi sU thain gia va giai quylt
cac vin de cua TKT
Tot
8,67
2,33
29,00
2,00
Kha
43,33
48,67
47,33
4,00
T B
31,33
44,67
19,33
5,00
Y l u
14,67
4,33
4,33
54,33
Kem
2,00
0,00
0,00
34,67
n
300
300
300
300
M
3,42
3,49
4,01
1,84
SD
0,91
0,62
0,81
0,84
• Cdc ki ndng ddnh gid tre vd chuang trinh gido due
Xlu nhu danh gia, dl hilu tre va phan tfch nhu d u ca nhan la nhiing ki nang eln thiet ban diu de lam cP sd dinh hudng cho mdt chUPng trinh ca nhan hinh thanh thi danh gia tre va danh gia chUPng trinh giao due la nhiing ki nang tilp theo nhim dam bao tfnh can ddi va kha thi, thfch iing giiia CTGDCN vdi chUPng trinh chung Xet d gdc dp ly luan thi mdt chuong trinh hieu qua cho b i t ky ca nhan tre phai dam bao tfnh tiem can vdi chuong trinh giao due chung/binh thudng Nd bao gIm nhiing ki nang lien quan din viec thilt ke, dilu chinh, va hoach dinh nhiing npi dung theo ke hoach chung ciing nhu nhiing yen d u cu thi lien quan din ca nhan tre ma chu ylu la viec "phan tfch nhiem vu" nhim giiip tre dat dupc nhiing muc tieu dl ra Day cfmg la mdt phin trong chuong trinh giao due chung Ben canh dd viec luu giii nhiing kit qua ma tre dat dupc dl so sanh vdi nhung muc tieu da dl ra bao gom muc tieu rieng va ca nhiing muc tieu chung de tfr dd cd cP sd cho nhiing dieu chinh trong cac giai doan ke tilp ciia chuong trinh
Kit qua khao sat thi hien d bang dudi day cho thiy, hiu hit cac ki nang nay ciia giao vien chua tdt, diu d miic trung binh (tff 3,43 din 3,80; rieng ki nang Danh gia miic dp phat triln hien tai cua tre qua nhiing tieu chi cu thi gin vdi chuong trinh chi dat 2,96 va SD = 1,12 chp thiy cac y kiln khdng tap trung Dieu dd chiing
td quan dilm ciing nhu each xac dinh nhiing tieu chf gin vdi chuPng trinh chua hoan toan ddng nhit.)
Trang 6Nguyi^'ii Thi Thanh Huyen
Bdng 2 Ki nang ddnh gid i
Item
1 Danh gia, xac dinh kh.i nang,
nhu ciu: nnrc do phat trien hi(;n
tai (iia tre (jiia nhiiug tieu chf cii
till gan vdi (inr(Jng trinh
2 Dilu (iiinli chuPng trinh giAo
due chung plni hpp vdi kha nang,
nhu cau ciia 'I'KT
.3 Thi('M k«' cac bai taj) tmil hnoiig
de kiem Ira kha nang ciia ti(''
4 Xay dung ciic tifni chi danh gia
k(M (jiia Uv tlu.rc hi(;n nhiem vn
5 Chi chep mot each khach quan,
thudng xny("'n va luu gift cac san
pham (tia tK'
6 Hoach dinh npi dung va cac
hoat dpng cin hd trp tr('' theo Ke
hoach giao due chung ciia Idj) hpc
Tdt
6,67
9,67
0,00 3,00
20,33
18,00
\re vd
Kh^
2.3,67
42,67
.39,67 4.67
67,67
37.67
chiidng trinh gido due
T B
46,00
31,00
27,67 41,00
12,00
23,00
Yeu
6,67
14,33
21,67 47.67
0,00
17.33
K e m
17,00
2.33
11,00 3.67
0,00
4.00
n
300
300
300
300
300
300
M
2.96
3.43
2,96 2,56
4.08
3.48
SD
1,12
0,93
1,03 0.77
0,56
1,09
2.2.3 Thai do cua G V ve P T C T G D C N
Bdng 3 Nhdn
cua
dinh cua GV ve vai trd vd hieu qud CTGDCN trong QTDH
Item
1 Tre thuc hien dupc nhfrng
nhiem vu phii hpp vdi kha
nang va nhu ciu ciia minh
2 CT trpng tam va tirng
budc giai quylt nhfrng khd
khan, giiip tre tiln b()
3 Ti'e cd th('' tham gia va
thuc hda nhap
4 Lam vi()c m()t each
khoa hpc nghiem tiic, trach
nhiem va hicMi qua
5 Day hpc dap iing su da
dang trong ldp hpc dua vao
each tilp can ca nhan hda
Hoan toan d6ng
y 21,67
2.33
66.67
12,33
56,67
Ddng
y
64,33
48,67
30.00
57.67
42,33
Phan van
14,00
44.67
3,33
0,00
2,00
Khong dong
y
0,00
4,33
0.00
0,00
0,00
P h a n doi
0,00
0,00
0.00
0,00
0,00
n
300
300
300
300
300
M
4,08
3.49
4,64
4,42
4,54
SD
0,59
0,62
0,54
0,49
0,54
Trang 7Thuc trgng ki ndng phdt triin chuang trinh gido due cd nhdn tre khuyit tdt
Kit qua dilu tra d bang tren cho thay ty le cac G\' ung hd viec PT CTGDCN chp TKT r i t cao, hiu hit giao vien diu danh gia cao vai trd cung nhu hieu qua ciia CTGDCN vdi sir tiln bp, phat triln ciia tre ciing nhu v nghia doi vdi hoat ddng day hpc cua giao vien ndi chung, thi hien M deu tren 4,0 (tii 1.07 din 1,04) va chi sd
SD diu sip xi dat 0,5 chiing td cac y kiln r i t ddng nhat \a cho ring CTGDCN deu rit thilt thuc va v nghia vdi tre, vdi sir tiln bp ciia tr(', dac biet la tie cd thi tham gia cac hoat dpng va thuc sir hda nhap
Rieng tieu chf tre thirc hien dupc nhiing nlii(;^m vu phii hpp vdi kha nang va
nhu d u ciia minh thi }• kiln khdng dong nhat (SD = 1,10), dieu miy phdn dnh kl ndng thiet ke chuang trinh cua gido vien vdn cdn han chi
2.2.4 Danh gia thifc trang P T C T G D C N ciia giao vien m i m non
Hiu hit giao vien dupc hdi diu da xa}' dung va thuc hien theo kl hoach GDC.X Day cfmg chfnh la thanh cdng budc dau trong viec thuc hien GDHX d bac mini non Theo tinh thin chi dao chung ciia Bd Giao due c^- Dao tao ma true tilp la Vu Giao due Mim non t i t ca cac TKT diu dupc xay dung KHGDCN, va chinh vi vay
ma hiu hit giao vien diu cho ring, CTGDCN chinh la ban KHGDCN, d mdt gdc
dp nao dd thi each hilu nay ciing cd thi chap nhan dupc
Dudi da}' la kit qua thiic t l x'iec giao vien MN phat triln CTGDCN trong cac hoat ddng cham sdc giao due:
Bdng 4- Thiic trang viec PT CTGDCN cua gido vien mdm non
Item
Gid hoat dpng
chung
Gid hoat dpng gdc
Gid hoat dpng tu do
Tao ra cac tinh
hudng, ren luyen d
mpi noi mpi liic
Gid ca nhan 1-1
Rat thudng xuyen
0,00 0.00 0,00 7,91 10,87
Thudng xuyen
23,91 18.98 7,19 76,98 55,07
Thinh thoang
71,74 73,72 73,38 12,95 29,71
H i l m khi
0,00 5,11 17,27 0,00 2,17
Khong bao gid
4,35 2,19 2,16 2,16 2,17
n
300
300
300
300
300
M
3,63 3,71 3,83 3,88 3,70
SD
0,70 0,66 0,64 0,62 0,77
Nhu vay, nhin chung viec phat triln CTGDCN da dupc giao \'ien triln khai thuc hien d cac hoat dpng Tuy nhien, t i n so triln khai thiic hien cdn kha thip Cac y kiln diu cho thiy giao vien thinh thoang indi triln khai dupc chUPng trinh
ca nhan cho tre trong cac hoat dpng, y kiln tap trung nhilu vao cac cP sd cd gid
day ca nhan 1-1 cho tre Nlu day la mdt thuc t l phdn dnh quan niem chuang trinh
cd nhdn chi cd the thitc Men duac trong tiit cd nhdn giUa 1 cd vd 1 tre thi lai Id mdt quan diim sai ldm Cac y kiln kha tap trung SD = 0,62; 0,64; 0,66; 0,70 va 0,77
Ngpa,i ra, de tim hieu ki hpn viec giao vien xay dung muc tieu, ndi dung, yen cau cu t h i cho tfrng hoat dpng cua tre ciing nhu nguyen nhan cua vin de nay cho
Trang 8Ngu.y('!n Thi Thanh Huyen
thay: chi cd 6% y kiln cho ring, nlu khdng thi.rc hien thi se khdng day dUpc; cdn
lai da so y kiln deu nhan dinh la thinh thoang tham chi hilm khi thuc hien, va chi thi.rc lii(Mi khi "bi kilm tra" hoac khi cd thdi gian (68%), efmg cd y kiln cho ring hp khdng lam vi khdng bill ])liai lam nhu the nio, l.v do nay chilm tdi 26%
Qua nhfmg kit (pia khao sal tri'ui cho thay:
1 (iiiio vien mam non biidc din ed nhfrng hilu biet va nhan thiic diing (nhUng chua (lay dii va chfnh xac) ve cliUPng trinh C ; D ( ^ \ va ki nang phat trif'u CTGDCX cho TKT Coiio vieii can bill va phan bi(;'t giiia Ci'GDCN va KHGDCN cfmg nhu vi(H' thiel ke CTGDCN khdng chi danh rii'iig va ap dung Irong mdi trudng GD
chii}'(Mi bi(M
2 (iiiio \ien imim non danh gia cao vii riit iing ho viec xa}' dung CTGDCN cho TKT til}' nlii("'ii viin chUa cd thdi quen vii ki nang c(J ban de tlurc hien
.3 Ciic kl nang ciin dup( triing bi \'ii tiiui d(')i tliT'in cho giao \ieii: ki nang danh
gia \ie\ ki nilng I hill ke (iiir(hig trinh ciing nhu ki nang t('' chiic thiic hien chiiPng
trinh GDCN trong ldp hda nhap
Rd rang, vdi tlurc t l nii}' ciing la mot bai toan dat ra cho cac cP sd dap tao giao vien da}' TKT bac mlin non can phai giii quylt dd la:
Xac dinh PT CTGDCX la mdt trong nhfrng ki nang quan trpng d n cd ciia ngudi giao vien day TKT
Ren luyen cho sinh vien ngay tir khi cdn tren glu^ nha trudng each nhin nhan dung vl CTGDCN va ki nang PT (JTGDCN ciing nhu xac dinh dupc y nghia, tim quan trpng cua nhirng ki nang nay de cd nhan thiic diing din cung nhu cd thdi quen xay dung va thuc hien CTGDCN cho TKT trong bit cii md hinh giao due nao
Cac kl nang nIn tang ckn thilt phiii chii trpng va hinh thanh cho sinh vien
trong qua trinh dao tJio bao gdm: quan sat danh gia tre; phan tich va xac dinh nhu
d u ca nhan ciia tre: thilt kl cac hoat dpng trong day hpc tinh tdi viec dap iing nhu
d u ca nhan ive
3 Ket luan
Cho dii (dug tiic giiio due TKT dupc to chuc tluH) mo hinh giao due nao di
chang niia thi viec xay dung mpt CTGDCX cho mdi tre la dilu hit siic d n thilt
PT CTGDC'X la viec giiio vi(~m d n xac dinh rd muc tieu, npi dung d n hd trp tre thdng qua ki nang phan tu h, tim hilu nhu d u ca nhan hay ki nang phan tfch day
hpc va thiel ke eke liocil (hing day hpc tinh tdi sU tham gia tich cue cua tre ciing
nhu cac ben li(''n ciuan ddng thdi cung la \iec tlurc hien dl dat dupc cac muc tieu dl
ra hay cung (ap cac dich \i.i d n thiet dk tien hanh cac hoat dpng chinh tri giao due ddi vdi ive Dap ling nhu d u ciia tre trong mpi linh viic, dd la muc tieu giao due mong muon dat dupc d tre, kl ca van dk tien nghi thdng thudng tai ldp hpc
CTGDCX se thuc hien nhiem vu dd
Mdi tre la mpt ca thi rieng biet nen mdi tre ciing se cd kha nSng va nhu ciu rieng, vi thi cac KHGDCN hay mpt chuPng trinh ca nhan rieng biet cho mdi tre se
Trang 9Thuc trgng ki nang phdt trien chuang trinh gido due cd nhdn tre khuyit tdt
giup giao vien cd t h i hilu rd vl tre dl cd nhiing viec lam can thiet nhim dap iing nhu d u rieng biet dd Vi le dd, ngudi giao vien d n phai trang bi diy du ki nang lam viec vdi TKT ndi rieng cfmg nhu ciic ki nang diiy hpc dap ufng nhu d u ca bi(^t ngay trpng mpt ldp hpc da dang Ki nang phat triln chupug trinh la mdt trong nhiing ki nang giup giao vien thufc hien tot nhiem vii dd
Tuf thuc trang tren cho thiy nhin chung liiiMi nav, giao vien mam non vlu chua cd thdi quen cung nhu cac ki nang eln thilt dl PT CTGDCX cho TKT mac
du cac nhan dinh cua hp diu cho rang kl nang mi}' la vd cimg can thilt Do vay cac
co sd dao tao giao vien day TKT ciin chii trpng ren lii}'en nhiing ki nang nay ngay tir trudng su pham; chii trpng xac dinh nhiing ndi dung trong chUPng trinh dao tiio
ciing nhu xac dinh rd qu}' trinh ven \uyen k! ming PT CTGDCN cho sinh vien nhim
dao tao ra nhiing thi he giao vien cd tii}' nghl, ho trp hieu qua mpi nhu d u dac
biet ciia tre, gdp phin nang cao ehkt lupng cdng tac giao due hda nhap ngay tfr bac
hpc mim non
TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO
[1] Nguyin Thi Thu Hiln, 2006 Phdt triin vd to chitc thuc hien chuang trinh gido due m&m non Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi
[2] Nguyin Thi Thanh Hm^ln, 2010 Khao sdt thuc trgng to chitc cho sinh vien Gido due ddc biet bgc mam non PT CTGDCN hda De tai V2009 01-NCS, Vien Khoa
hpc Giao due \'iet Nam Ha Ndi
[3] Barbara D Baterman, Mary Anne Linden, 2005 Better LEPs How to develop legally correct and Educationally Useful Programs lEP resourse, Fouth edition
A B S T R A C T Skills of early childhood teachers in developing the individual education programme for children with disabilities
The article provides the critical information on skills in developing an individ-ual education programme for children with disabilities It also analyzes the impor-tance of skills in developing the individual education program and teaching children with disabilities conducted by teachers in general and early childhood teachers in particular
Since the survey the author has also defined the necessary tasks for settings training teachers in special needs education to improve the qualit}' of training teach-ers in all settings as well as focusing on skills in developing the individual education programmes for children with disabilities are the indispensable needs based on real-ities