su DPG PHUiG PHAP TRIG MM KHAOI QUAN TRONG uM TRA DAIH GIA K I T i A HOC TlP CAC M i TOM CAO ClP CCA S i l H i Q ThS THAI THj NGA'''' 1 Trong dgy hgc, cdng tac kilm tro • ddnh gid (KT CX7) kit qud hpc t^[.]
Trang 1su DPG PHUiG PHAP TRIG MM KHAOI QUAN TRONG uM TRA DAIH GIA KIT i A HOC TlP CAC M i TOM CAO ClP CCA S i l H i
Q ThS T H A I THj N G A '
1 Trong dgy hgc, cdng tac kilm tro • ddnh
gid (KT-CX7) kit qud hpc t^p cOa ngudi hpc Id
qud h'Inh so sdnh, dffi chilu giQa trinh dd kiln
thik, kr ndng, ihdi dO da dupc hinh thdnh d ngudi
hpc vdi myc tiSu dgy hgc KT-£X5 nhdm xdc dinh
myc dfch dgy hgc dd hodn thdnh din muc ndo,
kit qud hpc t$p cua ngudi hpc dpt dupc ldi ddu
so vdi mi^c IIAu ban ddu Ti> dd, ngudi dpy sS cd
cdn cu di dilu chinh cdc hopt d$ng cOng nhv
phuong phdp (PP) d l ndng coo hi|u qud dpy
hpc Mu^n xdc djnh chfnh xdc kit qud cOo qud
trinh dpy hpc, Ipo d$ng co thOc dfiy ngudi hpc,
cdng tac KT-DG phdl ddm bdo Knh khdch quan
vd khoa hpc
6 cdc hvdng dpi hpc (OH) thudng ihyc hi|n
PP ddnh gid ihdng quo cdc hinh thuc nhu bdi thl
tv luOn, tr6c nghiSm khdch quan (TNKQ), v^n ddp,
tllu ludn, bdi l^p kfm Trong dd, PP ddnh gid
bAng bdi thi h/ lu^n v5n chiim do ii PP ndy cd
uu dilm Id gidng vign (GV) khdng mdt nhilu thdi
plan cho v i ^ biin sopn, n6m b6t nhanh dupc si/
thdng hiiu vd khd ndng diln dot ciJa sinh vi3n
(SV) Tuy nhl6n, nhupc dilm ciJa PP ndy Id kit
qud cham thl ddi khi phy t h u ^ vdo chi3 quan cOo
ngudi chdm, ngodi rd kiln thuc h-ong mit di thi
h^ lu^n khd boo phu hit dupc n$l dung mdn hpc
dSn Idl tinh h^ng hpc l|ch, hpc h3 cua SV
PP TNKQ tuy khdu blSn sopn d l khd cdng
phu nhung phd kiln thuc r$ng, ddng thdi cd t h l
ddnh gid dupc nhilu ngudi trong m$t thdi gian
ngdn, kit qud chdm bdi Id chfnh xdc, khdch
quan, khdng phv thu^c vdo ngudi chdm Ddv Id
uu dilm Idn cOo PP TNKQ so vdi PP KT-DG bdng
bdi thi txf luQn
Hifn nay, theo chO hvong cuo B$ GD-DT, < ^
hvdng DH trong cd nudc chuyin h> ihuong thuc
ddo tpo theo niSn chi sang phuong thiic ddo tpo
theo Kn chf Vdl phuong thik mdi ndy, xudt hl^n
cdc krp hpc vdl sd lupng SV rdt ddng Khi dd, PP
ddnh gid bdng TNKQ cd t h l ddm bdo Hnh chfnh
xdc kit qud cua SV vd ddm bdo vi$c chdm h-d bdi dOng thdi hpn
2 Cdu hdi trde nghlfm khdch quan
Cd 4 bpi cdu hdi (CH) TNKQ thudng g$p:
a) CH nhiiu tga chgn gdm hai phdn: phdn
ddu Id phdn dfin (cd t h l Fd m^t CH hodc m$l
cdu dfin), phdn sou Id h> 3 din 5 phi/cmg dn trd Idl Tirong cdc phuong dn trd Idi, chi cd duy nhit
mit f^uong dn Id dung hodc dOng nhit ggi Id ddp dn Cdc phuong dn khde gpi Id cdu «gdy
nhilu" ddl vdi thf sinh, bu$c thf sinh phdl ndm vOng kiln thi/c mdi phdn bi^t dupc Khi Idm bdi, thf sinh chr vl|c ddnh ddu vdo cdu trd Idl dupc chpn VI vdv, cd t h l kilm tra vdi nhilu ndi dung h-ong m$t tndl gian ngdn, qud h-lnh chdm bdi cOng nhanh
b) CH ghip ddi CH lopi ndy gdm hoi ddy
thdng tin M^t day Id CH (hoijc cdu dfin), cdn ddy kia Id cdu trd Idi Thdng thudng, day ndy nhilu hon ddy kio m^t sd cdu d l gdv nhilu Thf sinh phdl gh6p ddl ti>ng c0p soo cno dung v l ndi dung
c) CH dOng - sof Ddy Id bpi d<k: bl§t cOa
dpng CH nhilu lya chpn, nhung chT c6 hai cdch chpn Id: dung ho<9c sal
d) Cdu diin IdtuyA Id dpng cdu n£u ra mdt
m|nh d l c6 khuy^ m$t vdi n^E dung, thf sinh phdl tim ro ndi dung phCi hpp d l diln vdo chfi trdng [cd thl Id mdt h>, hodc m^t cym tO) trong cdu hd
Idl dd dupc chudn bj sfin (ho<ic thf sinh tg tim ndi
dung thfch hpp)
IGii ra d l TNKQ, GV cdn luu ^ m^t sd nguydn
tdc sou: • Di thl phdl cd dd khd hpp If, hdnh
nhOng d l thi kilu ddnh dd SV; - Khdng ngn ra d l thi budc ngudi hpc phdl hpc thudc Idng, hpc vet
D l thl cdn ddnh gid dupc khd ndng If gidi, vdn dyng, phdn bl^t vd phdn dodn cOa SV; - N$l
dung cua d l thl fhdi bao hdm ddy dO cdc cdp
dd cOa nhdn thi>c
*TniSvB9ib9cUiPMH
lap chi Blao due so 2 8 9 pd i • 7/aoia)
Trang 2phuong dn khdng dung trong CH nhliulga chgn
phdl cd hinh thijc tucmg h/ nnu nhau, phdl h/ong
ctSngvdi nhou NhCmg phuang dn h-d Idl khdng
diing td nhung phuong dn cd thl xdy ra trong
thyc t l do SV ndm khdng vung kiln thuc, khdng
hiiu ro bdn chdt vdn de, vpn dyng cdng thirc sol,
hodcdotfnh todn sol
3 Gidi thi^u minh hpa mdt sd CH TNKQ thudc
npi dung hpc phdn cdc mdn Todn cao cd'p ddnh
cho SV khdi ngdnh kinh te d cdc hvdng DH:
tdi -cothi ;t = -V?'/tacd:
j;X6tgidihanl=Hml x'-^sj '• k^t qud cGa
lla:A)I;B)e,•C)e•^•D)e^
Cdc phuong dn Ai li/a chpn trong CH ndy
HiSng pndl dua ra m$t cdch ngSu nhlSn, tOy H^n
md di/a trSn m§t so finh hudng fTH) cd thl xdy ra
sou:
TH I: Nlu SV cho rdng; I Id gidl hgn cd dong
- , chi cSn leiy H so glua sS hqng b^c coo nhit
ojo li> s i (x^ - /) va s i hong b^c cao nhit cuo
mSu s i (x= + 3) Ihl kit qud Id I = 1-= 1, ICr dd
chpn phuong dn A (sol)
TH 2: h4eu SV bien d i i I = s(77i)'-s('-pTi)'
vd cho ring ddy Id gidl hqn dqng e, K> dd diqn
kit qud Id e (chon phuong dn B - sal)
TH 3: Nlu SV biln doi nhu sou:
dan din chqn kit qud Id e ' (phuong dn C - sol)
Phuong dn dOng cuo CH ndy Id phuang dn
D.cpthl:
' - • ' V ^ N I T + T ^
T?i-2JXetgl6l hqn I = Jta{v/;i'+3i+l+«) Kit qud
oia I Id: Aho ; B| 0; C) | ; D) Khdng tin Iql
Phuong dn dung cOo CH ndy Id phuang dn C,
day Id gidl hqn dqng (oo - oo) Nhdn vdl bilu ibiic
ll@n hqp, to du9c:
LOc ndy, gidi han duoc dua v l dang f , tilp
Ta phdn tfch cdc TH dfin din v i ^ chpn phuong
dn soi:
TM /: Nlu SV khdng dpc krdi bdi, cho rdng gidi hpn tr3n cd dpng (oo -i- oo), kit qud Id oo vd s3 chpn phuong dn A
TH 2: Nlu SV khdng bilt khu dpng vd djnh,
cho rdng gidl hpn trSn cd dpng (oo - oo), kit qud bdng 0, chpn phucmg dn B
TH 3: Nlu SV b l ^ doi dupc v l d<;«g f , sou dd diia cd tu vd mfiu cho x vd khdng diCi y din tfnh chdt , = - ^ (khi X dan tdi - w), mfiu sd sa v l 0 d&i d ^ khdng tdn tpi gidl hpn (chpn phuong dn D)
3) Cho hdm sd hoi biln: z = y", h'ong dd y Id
mpt hdm sd ciia x Khi dd — Id:
A) y.\n y; B) y".ln y+x.y^./; C) /'.In y / ; D)
/•.In y + x.y*"'
Vdi bdi todn tfnh dpo hdm cOo hdm nhilu biln, SV rdt d l mdc sal Idm khi gdp hdm sd hop,
d ddy do y Id mpt hdm sd cua x n3n ta su di^ng
cdng thuc: j ; - ^ * ^ ; 5
TH T: Nlu SV col x, y Id hai biln d ^ ldp vd Hnh dqo hdm rling theo bien x sS dan tdi Iva chon phuong dn A Id sal
TH 2 Nlu SV chua hllu kT cdch Knh cd thl
cho ring %'%-^, dSn tdi li/a chqn phuong dn
salC
TH 3: SV cd thl do chua nhd ro cing ihijc
nSn bd qua / vd li/o chqn phuong dn D - sol
Phuang dn dung td B
4Ktiohalmalrdn:'l=l_, _2j ' * ° l o i j -Khi dd A.B Id mo Irdn ndo trong cdc ma trdn
«.u:A)[::3;B)[:i];q[_:_:];D)[;:;]
Khi nhdn mo ti^n A vdl mo Ir^n B, SV cin ndm duqc nguySn tdc lay cdc ddng cOa A nhin luong ling vdl cdc c§t cuo B Nhu vdy, phuong
dn d6ng Id C
Phuong dn sol di/a trin cdc TH sou:
TH I: Nlu SV khing ndm duqc nguyin tdc
Trang 3cue B, khi dd nh$n duqc Id phuong dn A
TH 2: Nlu SV khing hllu quy tic, thvc hl$n
ph6p nhin cdc phin ti> d ciing vj tr[ tuong ung
Irong 2 mo Ir^n vdl nhou, k l l qud s3 Id phuong
dnB
TH 3: Nlu SV nhim ddng vd c^l cOo mo tr<ln
tich, s§ dfin tdi chqn phuong dn D
Khi dd
51 Bill
», »,
2a
2*1 2«i
" i
*!
1
',
*,
c,
- 2 a ,
- 2 4 ,
- 2 c ,
bing kll qud nio sou diy: A) I d; B) - 1 d ; C| 4;
D)-4
Oil vdl bdi todn ndy, vl§c nim vOng cdc Ifnh
chit cua djnh thik mong tinh ouyll djnh O ddy,
d|nh thuc cin Hnh d i duqc biln d i i li> d|nh thi>c
ban d i u quo m i l s i budc nhu: chuyin v|; d i i
chfi c*t 1 vd 2; nhin cit 1 vdl 2; c*ng vdo c i l 3
b$l vdl (-2) cuo c*t 1
NhOng phuong dn sol duo ra d i ^ vdo cdc
THsau:
T H ) : S V c d t h l d u a s i 2 i c ? t l rangoildiu
djnh thuc nhung Iql nhin djnh lhi}c c6a mo Irin
ban diu vdl 8 dfin Idl vl$c chqn phuong dn A
TH 2: Nhu TH 1, nhung khi SV d i i v| W glffa
2 c$t da d i i d i u dfin 161 Dm duqc kit qud Id -1 d
(phuong dn B)
TH3:NluSVduasi2ioOI1 ro ngodl diu djnh
Ibuc vd qu«n Hnh d i d khi dii v| trf glOa 2 c^ thl dinh
thuc dii diu, dfin ldi v l ^ chqn phuong dn C
Phuong dn dung cOo CH ndy Id phuong
dnD
dl Cho ma Irdn:
r 2 31
•^" J J J Khidd, phdn tu ddng 1 cdt 3 cOa ma
trdn ngh|ch ddo (A') Id: A) 9; B) - 9; C) 5; D) - 5
D l Km dupc phdn tu ddng 1 c^t 3 cOa ma
trdn nghjch ddo cua ma h-dn A, SV cdn nfim dupc
cdng thuc h'nh mo trdn nghjch ddo: ^"' - -T—:C
To d l thdy, d e t A - - l Phdn h> ddng 1 cdt 3
cua ma h-dn nghjch ddo A ' Id c.i ='(~')"'-L J=-9;
vdy, phdn h>ddng 1 cdt 3 cOa ma frdn A ' Id: 9
Phuong dn A Id dOng
6 CH ndy, khi Hm mo h-dn nghjch ddo, SV
thudng mdc mdt sd Ifii sou:
TH 1: Khdng chia cho det A, khi dd sS chpn
phuong dn sal B
dd si nhdm Ifin phdn h) ddng 1 cdt 3 thdnh ddng
3 cdt 1 vd chpn phuong dn C
TH 3: Khdng chuyin vj ma frdn phy hpp C,
khdng chia cho det A, dfin tdi vl$c chpn phuong
dn sai D
7) Cho A, B vd C Id cdc ma h-dn vudng cdp n
Hdy chf ro hai m|nh d l sal h-cmg ii cdc m|nn d l sou: (1) A.(B.C) - (A.B).C; (2) /A.B/ - A'.ff; (3)
(ABf &.A'; (4) (A.Br = A'.fi"'; (5) CAB/'
-B'.A'
A) (1) vd (2); B) (2) vd (4); C) (3) vd (5); D) (3) vd(4j
phuong dn dung cOa CH ndy Id phuong dn
B Cdc phuong dn khdng dOng Id A, C, D xdy ra khi SV khdng ndm chdc kiln lhi>c v l cdc pnlp hadn ma trdn ho$c thyc hl$n cdc phip h'nh doi vdi ma h-dn nhu phftp Knh vdl sd thyc
Mdt sd vf dy d h-ftn minh hpa cho v l ^ xdy dyng cdc CH TNKQ dpng nhilu lya chpn Dl biln sopn mdt bd d l hodn chfnh, phong phO, chung ta cdn bd sung cdc dpng CH khde nhou KT-DG bdng CH TNKQ cd nhilu uu dilm: ddm bdo Knh khdch quan, cdng bdng, gio tdng d$ Kn cdy cOa d l thl Nlu nhOng bd CH TNKQ dupc biin sopn mdt cdch kr ludng, cdng phu dya trSn nhChig TH cd thyc, cd thl xdy ra, s8 gdp phdn gidm bdt khd khdn cho GV hong v i ^ ddnh gid kit qud hpc tdp cua SV, dua vt$c KT-DG hid th^h thudc do cua chdt lupng ddo hpo, gdp phdn ndng cao chdt lupng gido dye E)H •
TAiU^uthamkhAo
1 R L Aiken PsychoiogictU Testing and Assessment
Allyn and Bacon, 1976
2 P Griflib Cff sdr kl thuft trie nghif m NXB Khoa
hpc la thudt, a 1994
3 NguySn hi Kim nmong phip d^y b^c mOn Toia NXB Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2002
4 Lflm Quang Thi$p Do ludng vft ddnh gii trong
gUo dvc NXB Khoa hpc kt thudt H 2003
5 I>iang Tliifu Tdng Tlrlc ns^ii^ vft do tadng thinh
qui hfc tfp NXB Khoa hpc kl thu^t, H 200S
SUMMARY
The artkile refers to the evaluation mettwd usSng objective testing and give some attentton wt)en creating multiple choice questions In tt)e course AdvoncedMattiematlcsforttiestudentsofeconomks
at unlv&slty: ttte requirement for form, content ar)d ttie right option among the dlstractors whteh may occur In practice for all the students