36 so 8 2011 DaHvciHoc ^ ^ ^ ^ JSGAY }l i Y'''' lfng dung cong nghe thong tin de khai tliac co hieu qua icenh hinh trong day hoc Dja If I6p10 ThS NGUYEN THI VIET HA Khoa Dja ly TrUdng Dai hpc Vinh 1 Ddt[.]
Trang 136 so 8-2011 DaHvciHoc
_ _ ^ ^ _ _ - ^ _ - ^ JSGAY }l.i.Y'
lfng dung cong nghe thong tin de
khai tliac co hieu qua icenh hinh
trong day hoc Dja If I6p10
ThS NGUYEN THI VIET HA
Khoa Dja ly - TrUdng Dai hpc Vinh
1 Ddt van de
Dja li l i mpt trong nhQng mdn hpe ed ban dUdc dUa vio
giang day trong nha trUdng d Viet Nam va nhieu nUde tren the
gidi Mdn hpc nay khdng chi cung cap cho hpc sinh nhQng kiln
thQc ve eic hien tUdng tU nhien v i cac van de kinh te - xa hdi
trong cudc sd'ng m i cdn ren luyen cho eic em kT nang quan
sit, phin tfeh vatUrut ra nhQng hilu bilt cho rieng minh tQcic
dd'i tUdng tren Be trang bj cho hpc sinh nhQng kien thQc va kT
nang tren, giio vien Dja If phai sU dung kit hdp nhieu phUdng
phap khic nhau nhU: diing Idi ndi d l giai thfeh, phan tfeh, dung
eic phUdng lien trUe quan d l minh hoa hoac dUa hpe sinh di
thUe t l d l quan sit, thUe hinh Ngoai viee khai thac tdi da
kenh hinh trong sich giio khoa (SGK), GV cdn ed t h i Qng
dung edng nghe thong tin va truyen thdng de tU xay dUng bp tU
lieu day hpe nhim lam sinh dpng hda v i tang tfnh tUdng tie
cho he thdng kenh hinh trong q u i trinh giang day Bai vie't xin
trao doi mdt vii bien phip de khai thie ed hieu qua hdn he
thdng kenh hinh nhd Qng dung edng nghe thdng tin trong qua
trinh soan giao i n dien ti/ va td chUe eae hoat ddng day hpe
2 Kenh hinh va vai tro cua kenh hinh trong day
hgc Dja ly
Trong SGK dja ly ndi chung v i SGK Dja If 10 ndi rieng
dUde trinh bay bang bang nhieu loai ngdn ngQ: ngdn ngQ van
hpc, ngdn ngQ dd hpa, ngdn ngQ hdi hpa, ngdn ngQ toin hpc,
ngdn ngQ ban do, Trong dd ngdn ngQ van hpc dUdc trinh bay
thdng qua kenh chQ, ngdn ngQ toin hpe dUde trinh bay thdng
qua cong thQc, bang so lieu, cic ngdn ngQ khac dUde t h i hien
thdng qua sd dd, lUde do, ban dd, tranh anh, hinh ve, gpi
chung l i kenh hinh Kenh hinh trong day hpc Dja If cd tfnh IrUe
quan'cao, cd vai trd chuyen tai mdt sd npi dung kiln thQc v i ky
nang dja If tUdng Ung ed tfnh dien giai Idgic cic sU vat, hien
tUdng trong day hpe dja ly Nlu nhU he thdng kiln thUe chQa
dung trong kenh chQ giup hpc sinh (HS) hinh thinh kiln thQc
cd ban, phit triln tU duy dja If, hinh thinh t h i gidi quan, nhin
sinh quan eho HS thi kenh hinh giup HS tri giie nhanh, phat
hien dUdc eic xu the chi'nh, cic die dilm chii yeu nhat eiia sU
vat, hien tUdng, thiet lap md'i quan he qua lai giQa cie hien tUdng, eic q u i trinh dja If Ngoai kiln thQc dja li minh hpa cho kenh chQ, nhQng kien thQc tang trQ trong kenh hinh ed kha nang nang eao va md rdng tam hieu biet eho HS ma kenh chO chUa de cap den hoac dieu kien thdi gian khdng eho phep Do vay, thdng qua viec tiep can, khai thac kenh hinh hpc sinh c6 the hinh thanh mdt each day dii, toan dien nhQng kiln thUe cd ban ddng thdi hinh thanh va ren luyen nhufng ky nang dja If can thiet
Hien nay npi dung SGK da dUde doi mdi theo hUdng da dang hda hinh thQc t h i hien thdng tin, true quan hda thdng tin bang kenh hinh, t h i hien y dd dinh hUdng ve phUdng phap giang day eho GV eung nhU phUdng phap hpc ddi vdi hpc sinh Trong dd, SGK Idp 10 vdi nhQng ndi dung dja ly dai eUdng ve tU nhien v i kinh te - xa hdi gdm 36 tranh anh; 34 ban
dd, lUdc do; 43 sd do, md hinh, lit cit; 24 bang sd lieu, 12 bieu do, Rd ring, viee dUa kenh hinh vao SGK mdt cich da dang, phong phu nhU tren chfnh la y dd da dang hda phUdng phip day hpe bd mdn ciia cic nha bien soan
Ddi vdi GV, kenh hinh la mpt trong nhQng phUdng tien hflu hieu d l tiln hanh doi mdi phUdng phip day hpc 6 cie mQc dp khac nhau SU da dang ciia kenh hinh trong SGK l i mdt ldi
t h i de GV k i t hdp linh hdat cic phUdng phip khic nhau tren
ed sd to chQc cac hoat ddng dUa tren kenh hinh, tao dilm nhan trong qua trinh thiet k l ' giio i n mdt cich tinh gpn m i sinh ddng, hap d i n va ed hieu qua trong qua trinh day hpc
He thd'ng kenh hinh trong SGK ed the dUde GV khai thac bang nhieu each khic nhau: Khai thie trpn ven cie kenh hinh
cd trong tifng bai hpc trong SGK; Ong dung edng nghe thdng tin de tim kiem, bo sung, hd trP/thay t h i eic kenh hinh trong SGK tu cic ngudn khic nhau; GV phdi hdp kenh hinh trong SGK va tu cie ngudn khic, si/ dung may tinh va cic phSn mem miy tinh de bien tap them cac yeu td nham khai thac kenh hinh cd hieu qua hdn Trong pham vi bii vilt niy, tic gia xin nhan manh den viee GV Ung dung CNTT trong q u i trinh si/ dung nhim nang cao hieu quic eiia kenh hinh trong qui trinh day hpe
Trang 2DoHvaHpc 37
3 Ufng dung cong nghg thong tin de nang cao
hieu qua khai thac kenh hinh trong day hoc dia
If Idp 10
Miy tfnh v i cie phin mem miy tfnh eho phep thu thap,
XL/ li, trinh chilu cie hinh anh tTnh, ddng mdt cich hap dan v i
sdng ddng, ben canh dd cdn ed t h i giUp bd sung, bien tap,
lam rd ring hdn, sinh ddng hdn eic dang kenh hinh trong
SGK Dae biet, trong qua trinh thiet ke va thUe hien giang day
cie giio i n dien ti/, viec Qng dung cic phan mem de bien tap,
trinh chilu kenh hinh giup bai giang hap d i n hdn dd'i vdi
HS, phit huy dUdc chQe nang va vai trd ciia kenh hinh gdp
phan ddi mdi phUdng phip day hpc, nang cao hieu qua cua
q u i trinh day hpc Viec Qng dung CNTT de khai thie kenh hinh
cd hieu qua eao the hien d cac Uu the ndi trdi sau:
- CNTT cd the giiip cho GV thu thap, thanh lap, bien ve va
ehinh sQa cic kenh hinh cap nhat, phu hdp hdn vdi cic ndi
dung bai hpc trong SGK;
- CNTT giup eho viec trinh chilu, thie't ke cic hieu Qng
theo y dd td chQe eae hoat dpng thu hut sU ehu y va phat triln
tu duy cho HS
3.1 L/ng dung CNTT d l xay dUng eae bp tU lieu hd trd
eho GV trong qua trinh thie't ke giao an dien tQ
Viee sQ dung cac chUdng trinh va phan mem cong nghe
thong tin d l tao ra cac san pham Ung dung trong viec day va
hpc, trong dd ed bd tU lieu day hpc - tap hdp cic thong tin dUdi
dang kenh hinh, kenh chQ Qua trtnh xay dUng bp tu lieu day
hpc eiia giao vien thUe chat la qua trinh thu thap, bien tap,
chinh sQa eae thdng tin phuc vu eho viec day hpe thdng qua
cae edng eu khic nhau De thanh lap he thdng kenh hinh trong
bd tu lieu day hpc dja ly, GV ed t h i sif dung cac cong eu tim
kiem, bien tap va lUu trQ sau:
- Khai thie tranh anh, ban dd, bang bieu, sd dd, mo hinh
tren phan mem Microsoft Enearta va eic phan mem chuyen
dung;
Khai thac tranh anh, ban dd, bang bilu, sd dd, mo hinh
tren mang thdng tin toan eau Internet;
Thanh lap, bien ve eae ban dd tren phan mem Mapinfo;
Xay dung cic bieu dd tren phan mem Microsoft Excel,
PowerPoint;
- Ve cie md hinh, sd dd tren phan mem dd hpa Paint,
Trong day hpe dja li, viec khai thie tranh anh, ban dd, bang
bilu, sd dd, md hinh tren phan mem Microsoft Enearta la rat
thuan ldi Day la phan mem eung cap thdng tin, tranh anh, ban
dd, doan phim, mo hinh, ciia hang Microsoft, dUde xuat ban
v i cap nhat hing nam vdi ndi dung va dung IUdng thdng tin rat
da dang, phong phu tren nhieu ITnh vUc khac nhau, die biet la
cic npi dung dja If Khai thac phan mem niy se giup GV ed
ngudn tU lieu phong phu, dam bao tfnh tin cay eao d l soan eic
giio i n dien tQ sinh ddng, hieu qua Mud'n vay, GV phii nim
vQng quy trinh khai thie d l ed t h i thiet k l eae giio i n eiia
minh, ledTnhien l i ngudi sQdung can phai mua bd dTa Microsoft
Enearta (phidn ban nam 2008 hoac 2009 hoac 2010) v i cai
dat vio miy tinh c i nhin eiia minh
3.2 Dng dung CNTT d l bidn tap, trinh chilu k&nh hinh
trong q u i trinhthilt k l giio i n dien tQ
Sau khi thu thap tU lieu hinh anh, GV can thUe hien bien
tip, ehinh sQa d l cd t h i sQ dung He thdng kenh hinh khi dUde
dUa vio giio i n dien ti/, cd t h i t i n dung nhQng tfnh nang ciia
phan mIm Powerpoint tao cic hieu Qng vdi cic hinh anh phu
hdp vdi ^ dd to chQe cic hoat ddng hpc tap d l phuc vu qua trinh thilt k l giio i n Cie thao tie d l thUe hien bidn tap v i trinh chieu ban do, tranh anh ddi hdi giio vien phai ed nhQng ky nang nhat djnh v l sQ dung phan mem Sau day l i mot sd gdi
y ve thao tic bien tap ban dd, tranh inh trong q u i trinh bidn soan, thiet k l giio i n phuc vu day va hpe dja ly
* Bien tap v i tao hieu Qng cho bin dd:
Tao ban do ngudn: 6 bUde nay, giio vien ed nhieu cich
d l tao ban dd, cd t h i khai thie tren dTa Microsoft Enearta theo eic thao tie da hUdng dan nhU tren, cd the tim kilm tren mang, scan ban dd tU SGK v i ed t h i tQ xay dQng nhd sQ dung phan mem Mapinfo
- Sau khi da cd ban dd, giio vien can bien tap lai eho phii hdp vdi ndi dung giang day nhU dat ten, viet ve cic ddi tUdng hay chu thfeh tren ban dd nhd phan mem dd hpa Paint Thilt k l eic hieu Qng d l td chQe eic hoat dpng: vf du tao dudng bien mdi d l xie dinh ranh gidi lanh tho, tao cic mui t§n de xie djnti hUdng, chi vj tri hay khoang cich ddng tay, nam bie eiia lanh tho; dUa cac hinh anh, eic ky hieu chuyen ddng de ehi vj trf ddi tupng tren ban do, Tat ca cac hieu ifng nay dddc thiet k l rat tien ich nhd eic tfnh nang ciia phan mem trinh chilu Powerpoint Vf du: Khi day bai 16: Sdng Thiiy trieu Ddng bien Giio vien cd t h i dung hieu ifng chuyin ddng cic ddng biln de hinh thanh khai niem "Ddng bien" eho hpc sinh
TU ban do the gidi, GV thilt ke cie dong biln va tao hieu Ung xuat hien eho eic dUdng chuyin, GV edn cd hien thi thdng tin vd ten eae ddng bien
Ben canh dd, GV edn ed the khai thie, thiet k l hieu Qng trinh chieu cae tranh anh, bang bieu, sd dd, bieu dd, md hinh,
de thUe hien y dd giang day, thu hiit sU chii y ciia hpc sinh, nang eao hieu qua khai thac ciia eic kenh hinh trong va ngoai SGK
4 Ke't luan:
Dja If vdn l i mdt mdn khoa hpc ed tfnh khdng gian cao nen cae phUdng tien trUe quan va edng cu ho trd giang day cd vai trd rat quan trpng, nhat l i ddi vdi cong eu da phUdng tien nhU miy
vi tinh Cdng eu hd trd giang day cing trUe quan, de sQdung v i phong phii ve npi dung cang thu hut sU chU y v i tfeh cue hoi hoat dpng nhan thQc ciia hpc sinh Qua thiet ke va thU ghiem, chiing toi thay viee Qng dung CNTT trong q u i trinh khai thac va
sQ dung kenh hinh ed hieu qua eao, vQa thu hut dUde sU chu y ciia hpc sinh, vUa da dang hda cie hoat dpng day hpc tU dd nang cao chat IUdng moi gid len Idp eiia GV v i hpe sinh
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1 Nguyen Trpng Phuc, Mpt so van de trong day hpe Dia If dtrudng pho thong, NXB Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Na, 2004
2 Nguyen Trpng Phiic, Phu'o'ng tien, thiet bj ky thuat trong day hpc Dia If, NXB Oai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, 2001
3 Nguyen Trpng Phuc, Thiet k l bai gidng Dialidtruong phdlhSng, NXB Dai hpc SUpham, 2008
4 L§Thang (Chili bien), 2008, Dia If 10, NXB Giao Due