72 TAP CHi KHOA HQC PHAP LY Sd 2/2012 AP DUNG MOT SO PHUOTVG PHAP GIANG DAY TICH c u e TAI TRUONG DAI HOC LUATTP HO CHI IVIINH NGUY£N THI HAI VAN * A BOI CANH CHUNG VIE GIAO DyC VA DAO TAG DAI HOC 1 D[.]
Trang 1AP DUNG MOT SO PHUOTVG PHAP GIANG DAY TICH
c u e TAI TRUONG DAI HOC LUATTP HO CHI IVIINH
N G U Y £ N THI HAI VAN *
A BOI CANH CHUNG VIE GIAO DyC
VA DAO TAG DAI HOC
1 Dat van dc
Cdi tien phuong phdp gidng dgy vd ddnh
gid la mgt trong nhiing ngi dung chinh cin
thgc hipn, hudng tdi vipc dam bdo chat lugng
ddo tgo tgi cdc trudng dgi hgc ndi chung vd
tgi Trudng Dgi hgc Lugt Tp, Ho Chi Minh ndi
rieng
Trong phgm vi bai vilt nay, chiing tdi trinh
bay mgt sd van de Hen quan din khd nang vd
khuynh hudng dp dyng mgt so phugng phap
gidng day tich cyc tai Trudng Dgi hgc Lugt
Tp.Ho Chi Minh,
2 Thuc trang giao dye dai hpc tai Vipt Nam
The ky 21 danh ddu nhiing budc phdt triln
Idn ve mgt klioa hgc ky thugt, ddng thdi ciing
ghi nhan nhirng thay ddi mang tinh dgc trung
ciia mdt nen kinh te hop tac quy md toan ciu
Ben cgnh dd, thdi gian gdn day, nhd vdo chinh
sdch ddi mdi cua Ddng, cdng cugc hipn dgi
hda dat nudc, da dang hda cac moi quan hp
qudc te da dien ra vdi nhilu kit qud khd quan
Chiing ta cung da ggt hm dugc nhieu thanh tyy
ddng khich Ip tren cdc phugng dipn kinh tl,
gido dye, van hod xa hgi Dgc bipt, hp thdng
gido dgc qudc gia dd cd nhij'ng thanh tyu ddi
mdi cung nhu nhilu bien chuyen tot frong
vipc cdi thipn dilu kipn gidng dgy d mgi cap,
tir trung ugng den dja phuang
Tu khi thyc hipn dudng loi ddi mdi, dudi sy
lanh dgo cCia Ddng, ciing vdi nd lyc to Idn ciia
cdc CO quan, doan the, ban nganh, ngdnh gido
due, dao tao Vipt Nam ndi chung da ghi nhan
nhitng tiln bg vugt bgc Ripng gido dye dgi
hgc da cd nhung budc phat trien ca ve quy md
* TS Pho Gidm doc Trung tam ddm bdo chat lugng
vd phuong phdp gidng dgy, Trudng Dgi Ludt Tp Ho
Chi Minh
lan hinh thirc dao tgo, logi hinh trudng Cung tu khi thyc hipn Chiln lugc phat trien giao dye 2001-2010, cdc trudng dgi hgc da khdng ngimg cung cap nguon nhan lyc cd trinh
dg eag cho nhu ciu phat triln x3 hgi hgng bii canh hgi nhap kinh te thi gidi va toan ciu hoa Tuy nhien, can phai thdng thin nhin nhgn
ring, gjao dye dgi hgc hipn nay van cdn tm t^i
nhieu hgn chi, yeu kem, nhu chat lugng ddo tgo khdng dong diu, nhilu ncn chat lugng c ^ tiiip khdng ddp img dugc ddi hdi cung nhu nhu cai phdt trien chung cua xa hgi Cd thi thiy ring, nhiing han chi ndy mgt mgt xuat phdt tir eg che qudn ly ciia Nha nudc ddi vdi hp thdng gjao dye dgi hgc, mgt khac la do sy bat hgp ly frxMig khau quan ly d cac trudng dgi hgc, eag ding Dy tiiao
Chien lugc giao dye cung cd nhgn ^nh: "Ch^
luang gido due con thdp so v&i yeu cdu ph& triin dia ddt nu&c trong thai ky mm Trong gido diie chua gidi quyet dugc mdu thudn giSa phdt trien sd lugng v&i ndng cao chdt lugng Trong nhieu ndm gdn day tpiy md gido due rSm hgc phdi trien, so lugng cdc (ru&ng cao d&tg, ihi hgc tdng mgnh trrmg Ida cac (£eu kien ve ddi ngii gidng viin, ca s& vdt chdt - Ay thudt /iftfl truinig chua phdt trien dti di ddm bdo dugcchk lirgng ddo tgo cua cdc ca s& ndy."'
Cd the td hoi qua ldi khi cho rang gido dpc dgi hgc dang yong tinh trgng khung hodng, nhung khdng the khdng thira nhgn ring, nganh gido dye dgi hgc Vipt Nam cdn phm co gdngiit nhilu mdi cd the theo kjp da phat trien chiuig
ciia toan xa hgi, Nhiing no Iuc doi mdi ^
dugc thyc hipn d tam vT md Vi Iy do dd, de ' Trich dan theo PGSTS Nguyin Thien Ting -Gidi phdp chiln lugc cho khiing hodng k^p cAa gite due dgi hoc - http://ceea.ier.edu.vn/nghien-ciiu-gittH duc/bai-bao-khoa-hoc/92-giai-phap-chien-liioc-<^ khung-hoang-kep-cua-gd-dWtaonunents i'
Trang 2tiiirc hien y kien chi dgo cua Thu tudng Chinh
phu, Bd (jido dye vd Dao tgo da ban hdnh
"Chuxrng trinh hdnh ddng vi ddt m&i qudn
ly gido due dgi hgc giai dogn 20JO - 2012 "
va coi day Id budc dgt pha de nang cao chit
lugng vd phat tnen todn dipn gido dye dgi hgc,
lam tiln de trien khai hp thdng cac gidi phdp
ding bg, nham khac phgc nhiing ylu kem
frong nganh, ddng thdi nang cao chat lugng vd
hieu qud giao dye dgi hgc Dieu ndy cho thiy
vipc gido dye dgi hgc mang y nghTa rat quan
ttpng frong cdng cugc ddi mdi toan dipn
Ben cgnh dd, quan sdt thyc te d cdc nudc
phat frien cho thdy, nhiing tiiay ddi v l mgt van
hoa, xa hgi cd dugc phdn Idn nhd vdo sy phdt
trien kinh te Bdi vi, sy phdt triln v l kinh t l la
tiianh qua cua nhiing tien bg ve khoa hgc vd
cong nghp Khi nhung tri thiic dd trd nen quan
frpng till ddng thdi gido due dgi hgc cung dugc
nang len mgt tam cao mdi, mang tam vdc mdi
quan trpng hon, Don gian la do khoi kiln thirc
tich luy dugc ndy ciing gdp phin nang cao
chat lugng ngudn nhdn lyc duoc dao tao tai
cac ttudng dai hgc,
Tuy nhien, cd mdt su each bipt dang k l v l
kha nang tao ra tri thirc, thu thap, cai bien vd
Sli dung tri thuc giiia cac nudc phat trien vd
cac nudc kem phdt trien Khoang each kinh te
va tri thirc ciia Vipt Nam so vdi cdc nudc phdt
tri^n cung khdng ndm ngoai quy lugt nay vd vi
vgy, nguy co ve mgt su tt^t hgu trong giao due
dai hoc cung rdt ddng lo nggi, nlu khdng dugc
cai to tiling hudng vd kip thdi^
Can xac djnh rdng vipc ddi mdi quan ly gido
dye dai hgc chi cd the dgt ket qud thyc sy vd
ben viing khi cd sy chi dgo kien quyet tu cac
cap uy Ddng vd chinh quyen; cd sy phoi hgp
chgt che cua cac dodn the cung sy quan tdm
ciia toan xa hdi Dilu nay chi cd thi thuc hien
tiiong qua vipc ndm bat va hilu rd nhu cau v l
nhan lyc ciia xa hgi, tir dd tirng budc xay dyng
mot mo hinh dao tgo phii hgp va thilt thyc.^
3 - Giao d^c dai hgc d cdc n u d c tien tien
Theo nghien cim, hipn nay cac trudng dai
"OC fren thi gidi quan tam den ba myc tieu
chinh trong qua trinh gidng day:
' PGS-TS NguySn Tliien Tong Tldd
1 Trang bj kien thiic nghi nghiep chuyen mdn;
2 Hudng dan sinh vien irng dgng chuyen mdn da hgc vdo cdng viec thyc te,
3 Nang cao trinh dg nhdn thirc van hda cho sinh vien',
Vdi tieu chi chuyen giao kiln thirc, thu thgp kien thuc va xay dyng kiln thirc cac phuong phdp gidng dgy (PPGD) chu ylu dugc dp dyng
Id 1) thuylt gidng (gidng vien trinh bay); 2) yanh lugn hay lam vipc theo nhdm (seminar); 3) ty hgc
Xuit phat tir nhiing tieu chi yen, mgt quan niem ve phuong phdp dgy va hgc moi dugc xdy dyng, dd la phuang phdp dgy vd hgc tich cyc, kit hgp hdi hda tugng tdc va chu dgng, hgc va ung dyng tiiyc tien vdo qud trinh giang dgy _ Thyc te yIn ton tgi nhirng quan nipm nham Idn, cho rang chi cd viec dp dung nhu'ng phuang tipn hien dgi nhu den chilu ciing cdc phuang tien tin hpc khac vao giang day; hay
dp dung phuang phdp thao ludn nhdm, liy sinh vien ldm trung tam dudi sy hudng dan ciia giang vien mdi duoc xem Id ddi mdi; cdn phuong phdp gidng dgy thuyet trinh truyin thdng la lgc hau can phdi bd di Cdch suy nghT ndy Id cue doan, khdng diing
Tuy nhien, ciing khdng the phii nhdn rang sinh vien - ngudi hoc - can phdi dugc xem la nhan vat trung tam ciia qud trinh taiyen dgt tri thirc Viec tiep thu kien thiic, ren luypn ky nang vd hinh thdnh nhdn cdch ciia sinh vien nhdm hodn thipn ca nhan thdng qua qud trinh day va hgc phai la ciiu cdnh cua gido due vd dao tgo Trong thdi dai mdi hien nay, nhd vao nhiing tien bg cua khoa hoc cdng nghe, nhu mang internet, mdy tinh, mdi trudng xd hdi xung quanh cimg cac phuong tien nghe nhin khdc song song vdi vipc thu thgp kien thirc thdng qua cac budi thuyet giang d trudng, viec
ty hgc, ty trang bj kien thuc, tri thuc cua sinh vien dien ra de dang hon rat nhieu so vdi trudc day Cung vi t h i md vai frd ciia gidng vien, ngudi dgy ngdy nay khdng dan thudn la tmyen dat kien thirc ma cdn la viec truyen dat ky ' Nguyin Thi My Hgnh - Thuc trgng Giao dye Ddo
tgo Dgi hoc Vipt Nam
Trang 3nang, ngliTa la, dgy cho ngudi hgc "each hgc"
hipu qua nhat, nhim lam tien dc cho hogt dgng
trong thyc tien cugc song sau nay Ngudi hgc
phdi lam dugc vipc ngay sau khi tot nghipp
ra tnrdng Gan day ta van nghe nhieu Idi than
phien lir phia cac doanh nghipp, cac don vi sir
dyng lao dgng ring hg phdi "dao tao l:ii" cho
cac tan cir nhan Dieu ndy qua la mdt sg lang
phi thdi gian vd cdng sue ciia toan xa hgi ndi
chung v;i nganh giao dye dai hpc ndi rieiig, va
nhu vgy, vd hinh trung, c;ic tnrdng dgi hgc dd
khdng hodn thanh sir mgng dao tgo cua minh,
Quan nipm mdi ve giang day dai hgc can
xem vipc dgy cdc ky ndng cho sinh vien
(each hgc, ty hgc, nghien ciru, giai quylt
tinh huong thyc tien v v ,,) Id tieu chi hang
dau Song song dd cdc ky nang co bdn khdc
nhu kv nang thuyet tdnh, viet, sii dyng ngoai
ngir, ky nang lam viec van phdng cung can
phai dugc xem trgng, Chgn lya uu tien mgt
vai ky nang hay ket hgp hai hda cdc ky nang
se truyen dat cho sinh vien Id phan chu dgng
cua giang vien nham hudng d i n myc dich
cudi ciing Id giup sinh vien cd d u o c ky
nang lam viec nhdm va lam vipc dgc Igp,
ren luypn nang luc tu duy cao cap, tiep
can cdch hgc tdt nhat Them vdo dd, vdi
phuong phap gidng dgy mdi ndy, tinh chu
ddng cua sinh vien cung can d u g c dac bipt
quan tam va khuyen khich, phat huy Vai
trd hudng dan, dinh h u d n g cua gidng vipn
trong trudng hgp nay cung rdt quan trgng
Gidng vien cdn biet ggi md vdn d l , khoi
ggi su tham gia thao lugn ciia sinh vien de
dgt dugc tdi dg hipu qud cua p h u a n g phdp
su phgm t u a n g tac
B T H U C TIEN D A O T A O VA V I E C
CAI TIEN P H U O N G P H A P G I A N G DAY
TAI TRU'OTVG DAI H O C L U A T TP H O
C H i MINH
1 Sg luoc ve nhu cau giao due, dao tao d
Viet Nam hien nay
Hien nay, Nha nudc ta dang tiep tyc diy
manh viec thuc hien chu truong ddo tgo theo
nhu ciu xa hgi Vipc triln khai thyc hipn dao
tao theo nhu ciu xa hgi da dugc chii trgng
khdng chi d cap qudc gia, ma cdn d tgi mdi dja phuong vd mdi co sd ddo tgo Cd nhieu nhom nhu ciu ddo tgo Theo mgt sd tdc gid" nhu cau
v l dao tgo hipn nay bao gdm 3 nhdm chinh: theo nhu ciu cua Nha nudc, theo nhu cau cua doanh nghipp vd theo nhu ciu cua ngudi hpc, Thgt vgy, Nhd nudc ludn cin mgt nguon nhan lyc cho chiln lugc phat trien lau ddi cua dat nudc, do dd nhu cau nay ludn Idn ve sd lugng
vd da dgng ve nganh nghe Cdn ve phia cac doanh nghipp, hg can nhtrng ngudi lao dpng
cd tay nghi vd trinh dQ chuyen mdn phii hgp
de cd thi ldm vipc d frong nude, ke ca lam vi?c
d nudc ngoai ddi vdi mgt so ngdnh nghe ciia cdc doanh nghipp cd thi trudng tiem ndng cao (vi dy ngdnh cdng nghp thdng tin chdng hgn), Cudi cung la nhu cau ca nhdn ciia ngucn hpc,
hg mudn ndng cao trinh dg de thda man ham mudn hgc hdi hogc de chuyen sang nghe khac
ma hg yeu thich hoac hy vgng cd thu nhgp cao hon,
2 Muc tieu dao tao cua Trucmg Dai hoc Luat T p Ho C h i Minh
Tordc nhtrng ddi hdi va nhu cau cap badi
ve dgy va hgc hipn nay, Trudng Dgi hgc Lu^t
Tp, HCM can phai xde djnh r5 rang va cy the mgc tieu dao tao ciia minh cung nhu lya chgn phuong phap giang dgy phu hgp voi tieu chi ddg tgg cua trudng Qua nghien cim cho thay, tren the gidi tdn tgi hai triet ly giao dye
chinh: "Triet ly thir nhdt: gido dttc phdi Irang
hi cho ngir&i hgc mdt hrgng kiin thuc cang nhieu cdng tdt giup ngu&i hgc cd mgl nin t ^ vung chdi khi ra tru&ng de sdng vd hdrdi nghe Idu ddi Triet ly thir hai: gido due chi cdn dg^ ngti&i hge ky ndng xu ly vdn di dgt ra troig cudc sdng han la (dp trung vdo viic ldm diy kien thtic da cd sdn, day la khuynh hic&nggiao due ctia cde nu&c lien tiin tren thi giai."'
Hda ciing da phat trien cua xu t h i chung, myc tieu mdi ve c h i t lugng ddo tgo dg du(?c
^ Nguyen Ngoc Linh - Xac djnh ddo lao va plian logi dao tgo tiieo nhu cau xd hpi - httpi/ZmW-daotaonguonnhanluc.com/index,aspx?id= 112nd, ' Tlidi Tri DCng - Phuang phdp gidng dgy tich cV hoc qua ttdi nghidm - hitp://www.ctct,uehedtLVii/
Trang 4thi hien trong Du thdo Chien lugc phdt trien
giao due Viet Nam, "Sinh vien sau khi tdt
nghiep cd kiin time hien dgi, ky ndng Ihuc
hdnh nghi nghiep vung chdc, cd kha ndng
lao dong sdng tgo, cd tic duy ddc lap, phi
phdn vd ndng luc gidi quyet vdn di, cd kha
nang Ihich img eao v&i nhung bien ddng cita
Ihi tru&ng lao ddng, cd khd nang sir dung
liing Anh (rong hgc tap, nghien eicu vd lain
viec san khi lot nghiep, 80% sd smh vien Idl
nghiip dgt mice 3 theo chudn ndng lire ngogi
ngit qudc le Den ndm 2020 ed it nhdt 5%
long so sinh vien lot nghiip dui hgc cd truth
do ngang bdng v&i sinh viin tdt nghiip logi
gioi & cdc tru&ng dgi hoc hdng ddu frong
khoi ASEAN 80% sd sinh vien lot nghiep
dugc cde doanh nghiep vd ea quan sir dung
lao dgng ddnh gid ddp img dirge cdc yeu
cdu cua cdng viee "^
Thuc hien nhiem vy dao tao cua minh,
Tmdng Dai hgc Lugt Tp Hd Chi Mmh da xac
djnh muc tieu
"- Aoy dwig Trie&ng Dgi hge Lugt Tp Hd
Chi Minh thdnh trung (dm ddo (go dgi hgc vd
sau dgi hgc dgi liiu chudn vd eo chdt lugng
cung cap ngudn nhdn lire ed trinh do cho xd
hdi, dgc biit Id cdc tinh phia Nam;
- Tra thdnh trung tdm ddo tgo, nghien cuu
bao gdm cd nghien ciru khoa hgc ca bdn din
nghien cuu img dung, phii hgp v&i timg logi
hinh ^o tgo khdc nhau, gdp phdn gidi quyet
nhimg vdn de quan (rgng trong khoa hgc phdp
ty dia cd nu&c vd dia phuang;
- Tr& thdnh mdt ca s& ddo tgo vd nghiin
ciru khoa hge hien dgi v&i he Ihdng ca s&
vgt chdt ky thudt vd trang thiit bi liin lien
nham tgo ra mdi trudng su phgm lot eho
gidng dgy, hgc lap vd sinh hogl, ddm bdo
dp dung dugc nhiing thdnh tuu vd phicang
tien m&i vdo ddo Igo vd nghiin cim gan
nghiin cm khoa hgc vd ddo (go v&i phuc
VH cong ddng, cd quan hi qudc (i rdng rat,
giic vai trd ndng cdt, ddu tdu, Id chd dua
ddng tin edy trong quan hi v&i cdc ca sa
* Trich Dy thdo lan thit 13 CHIEN LUOC PHAT
ddo tgo ludt a cdc linh phia Nam."'
Quan triet chu truong, dudng loi ciia Dang
va Nhd nudc, song song vdi vipc ddp irng nhu cau lao dgng ciia xa hgi, Trudng Dai hgc Luat Tp Hd Chi Minh dang trong qua trinh xdy dgng phuong phdp giang dgy dya tren triet ly ddo tgo mdi Theo dd, vipc gidng day tgi Tardng Dgi hgc Lu^ Tp, Ho Chi Minh khdng chi dirng lgi d vipc cung cip kien thirc
ly tiiuyet cho sinh vien ma cdn phdi kit hgp vdi thgc tiln nghe nghipp, cho du thi trudng ddu ra cd the Id doanh nghipp (thugc mgi logi hinh), hay cdc co quan hdnh phap, lap phdp, tu phap Phuang hudng ddo tao tgi Tmdng Dgi hgc Lugt Tp, Hd Chi Minh la hgc ly thuylt song song vdi trang bi ky nang xut ly, gidi quyet cdng viec nhu the hg (da) dang trong nidi trudng ldm viec thuc thy
Vdi myc tieu mdi hudng den vipc cung cd ddo tao ky nang sau vd rdng cho sinh vien, viec chi trang bi tri thiic khdng cdn Id muc tieu duy nhat, bdi vi tri thirc Id vd ciing Thay vao dd, chuong trinh hoc mdi se chii trong den viec xay dyng kien thuc nen tang, lam co sd cho viec hgc tap nhirng thii cu the khdc mang tinh thgc tien hon
Cdn cu vdo myc tieu dao tao, ddi tugng gidng dgy, sy tich cue vd khd ndng dp dung linh hoat cdc phuong phap va dieu kien hien
cd, chimg tdi nhan thay Trudng Dai hgc Luat
Tp Hd Chi Minh hodn todn cd the dp dung phuong phap gidng dgy mdi, hay cdn ggi Id phuang phap gidng dgy tich cyc Cu the se dp dyng phuang phap tinh hudng song song vdi seminar, tpa ddm, thyc hipn cdc phien tda gia djnh (hay cdn ggi la phuong phap sam vai), ddng thdi dp dung linh hoat cac hogt dgng bd trg hgc tap khdc nhu: du thinh cac phien tda, thyc tgp tgi cdc doanh nghipp, co quan hdnh chinh nha nudc, ca quan ttJ phdp
3 Phuong thii-c thu-c hien Trong pham vi bai viet ndy, chimg tdi chi dua ra ggi y ve mdt vdi phuong thirc thyc hien phuang phap giang day tich cyc nhu sau:
- Gidng dgy ly thuyet gan lien vdi ddo tgo ' Trich Ke hogch chien lugc cua Trudng Dgi hoc
Trang 576
ky nang thdng qua cac hinh thirc, phuong thirc
dao tgo da dgng nhu: thao lugn nhdm, phuang
phap tinh huong, to chuc seminar, to chirc
thyc tap, tao ca hgi va chgm ihyc tien, tga
dam vdi giao su thinh giang ho?ic cac cdn bg,
cluiycn vien tam cdng tac thyc tien, nhu; tham
phan, lyal su (doi vdi nganh lugt), cac gidm
doc, laidng bg phan (doi vdi nganh qudn tri),
Thdi gian dau, se tang cudng mdi giang vien,
lugt gia, lgi cac trudng md ta cd quan hp d cac
nudc Anh, Phap, My, Nhgt, dl hg thj phgm
mgt so buoi cd sy tuang tac Idn giua ngirdi
dgy vd ngudi hgc
- Budc dau se dua "Phuong phap tinh
huong" vag cac buoi thdo lugn ho&c mgt
phan CLia cdc ldp thuylt gidng Do can phdi
djnh hudng tii duy vd hudng din ky nang cho
sinh vien nen ddi hdi giang vien cd nhieu kinh
nghiem hudng dan ldp Mgt sd gidng vien tre
se bit diu tham gia khi cd sy chuan bi thgt ky
cho budi len Idp
- Tgi cdc ldp thuyet giang can yeu cdu sinh
vien phdi dgc trudc tdi lieu, phdi ty hgc trudc
khi den ldp, cd chuan bj dang "cdu hdi chuan
bj cho budi hgc" Theo each thuc dd, trong
budi hgc ciia ngay hdm trudc giang vien cho
mgt cau hdi neu mgt van de cd lien quan den
ngi dung ciia budi ke tiep de sinh vien suy
nghT, tim tai Heu de trd ldi cdu hdi dugc dgt ra,
Trong budi hgc ciia ngdy hdm sau, gidng vien
yeu cau mgt vai sinh vien hay mgt nhdm sinh
vien tra ldi cau hdi da dugc dua ra (gidng vien
cd the yeu cau sy tham gia phdn bien cua cac
sinh vien hay cac nhdm khac), sau dd gidng
vien hoac la cd the dua ra ldi gidi cho cau hdi
md minh dat ra, cting cd the chi ra each Igp
luan hay gai y de di den ket qua Day chinh
la liic day ky nang nghien cim cho sinh vien
Tdm lai, phuang phap gidng dgy tich cyc
phd biln hipn nay nhdn manh vao ba tieu chi:
Cfich hgc ciia sinh vien: Vdi phuang phap
gidng day mdi ndy, sinh vien chu dgng hon vd
tham gia nhieu hon vdo qua ttinh hgc Sinh
vien khdng cdn (hay khdng the) thu ddng ghi
chep yong cdc budi hgc ly thuylt do gidng
gia gidi quylt cac tinh huong dua ra (theo sy ggi y hoac hudng dan cua giang vien) Ngodi ra, sinh vien ludn phai chii dgng tir khau tt; hgc, tim kilm tdi lipu phye vu buoi hgc theo yeu ciu ciia gidng vien Qua do, sinh vi6n se hgc dugc each nghien cim, Igp lu^va phan tich vin dl, chir khdng chi don thuin la thu thap ly thuyet hay kiln thuc sudng Han nda, hgc theo kieu "thdo lugn nhdm" bugc sinh vien phdi rich cyc vd chii dgng tiiam gia, tranh lugn, ben cgnh dd phdi tim kilm tai lipu chuan bi cho vipc tranh luan hay trinh bay
y tudng ra giay trudc budi thdo lugn
Ung dung phuong tien truyen thong vao vi^c hgc: Trong phuong phap nay, cdng cy
thdng tin truyin thdng dugc khai tiidc tii?t
de Vi dy sinh vien cd thi ya cim tai lipu fren mang de chuan bj cho bai hgc cua minh tgi ldp, hogc cho cac budi tiiao luan nhdm Sinh vien cung cd the su dgng cac chuong trinh hay phan mem van phdng de chuan bj bdi cho buoi hgc cua minh
Tuimg tdc giira ngtrdi dgy vd ngudi hpc:
Vdi phuong phdp gidng day ndy, cd gidng vien
vd sinh vien deu gitr vai yd frgng tam Viec hgc va dgy khdng cdn mang tinh mgt chieu,
ma gid day, gidng vien ngoai viec truyen dat kien thuc cdn cd nhipm vy ggi y, djnh hudng;
va sinh vien khdng cdn thu dgng ghi chep ma phdi chii dgng tham gia gjdi quyet va dgt van
de Gid hgc nhd the se yd nen sinh dgng hgn, hirng thii hon
4 Yeu cau ddi vdi ngudi day va ngirdi hoc khi dp dung phuong phap giang day moi
Yeu cdu vd lgi ich doi vdi gidng vien:
Td chtrc bdi gidng: Cin dat trong tam
tuong tdc dinh hudng nghien cuu, truyen d?t
ky ndng nhieu han cung cap kiln thiic thuan ttiy Vi du, chu trgng din each lap lugn hole phan tich dilu luat, chi ra nhiing han chi hay
ke hd trong qud trinh xay dung phdp lu|t,
vd tien den muc xa hon la dl nghj hay nh$n xet chinh siia sai sdt lap phdp do Chdng han giang vien thu thgp mgt sd su vu vl mgt van
dh phdp lugt ndo dd (trong hay ngoai nuac)
Trang 6BAO TAG
hpc, thong qua dd truyen dgt kien thiic vd ky
nang hdnh nghi luat
Nghien cini khoa hoc: Khi dua ra van de
ik sinh vien giai quyet, ttiy tting tardng hgp,
giang vien co the phat trien thdnh mgt van de
khai quat hon, d muc do cua mgt de tai nghien
citu khoa hpc Dieu nay hodn toan phu hgp vdi
yeu ciu cong vipc cua giang vien
Cong hd cdng irinh: Ngodi ra, bang vipc
thong qua cdc bdi gidng tinh hudng, giang vien
CO the diu tu tiiem tiidi ^an, phdt trien tiidnh cdc
hpc tiiuylt (docirine) hay cdc lugn tiiuyet tir cdc
nh^n xet dirge thyc hipn khi tien hanli phan ticli,
dong gop cac tinli huong Day la cdng vipc rat
can thiet vi nd tac dgng tich cgc khdng chi den
cac CO quan tu phdp md.cd cdc eg quan Igp phdp
Yeu ciiu vd lgi ich ddi viri sinh vien
Chudn bi bdi tic nhd: Bdo ddm yeu cdu ttJ
hpc cua sinh vien, tang kha nang ty nghien
cim, tim kiem, chgn lgc tiidng tin
Ngoai ra, neu theo diing phuang phdp, sinh
vien se dgt duoc nhiing ky nang sau ddy:
- Ky nang phan tich, tdng hgp;
-Ky nang dat cdu hdi vd phdn bien,
- Tinh sang tgo vd khd nang xdy dung he
thing giai phap;
- Ky ndng ldm viec theo nhdm, cung gidi
quyet van de hogc tu duy ca nhdn hogc ket hgp
cahai;
- Ky nang tim kilm thdng tin;
- Dam phdn tim ra gidi phap trong nhdm va
dieu khiln (hudng din) nhdm ciing tu duy;
- Ky ndng xdy dung nhiing yeu td uu tien va
cac djnh hudng;
- Ky nang ung dung cdc nguyen tac quan ly
vao tinh hulng thuc tiln;
• Ky nang dan du vd thuyet phgc;
-Ky nang diln thuylt;
-Thyc hien tuong tac giQa ly thuylt vd thyc
tiln
C MOT VAI PHU^ONG PHAP GIANG
D^Y TICH C i r c K H A THI
!• Phinmg phap tmh huong (Case study)
ll id Gidi thieu phuong phdp
' Tmong hgp ciia nganh lugt rit tiiugn lgi
tfongvipc chon lya day theo phuang phdp tinh
huong Bdi vi phuong phap ndy se duoc dp dyng thdng qua vipc su dung cdc tinh hudng thyc t l da va dang dien ra d l phdn tich, hudng ddn cho sinh vien cdc ky nang can thiet phye
vy thiet thyc cho cdng vipc sau ndy Myc dich chinh cua phuang phap tinh
huong nhdm tim ra cdch gidi quyet vin de
toi uu hay theo duoi mgt tinh huong nao
dd dang dien ra Sinh vien phdi thyc hipn nhieu budc de cd the di din quyet djnh hgp
ly (logic) va dung phuong phap Trudc het, cdn phdi nghien cuu va ddnh gid thgt ky tinh huong da dgt ra, tire la rim vd mo xe cdc yeu to noi bgt Tiep theo Id phdi khoanh vLing van de hay sy kipn vdi dg chinh xac
va muc diing dan cao, dieu dd cho phep dua
ra nhirng nhan djnh cy the vd phu hgp, Ben cgnh dd, sinh vien cdn phai biet lien ket cdc
sy kipn cdt ldi lgi vdi nhau, phan tich mgi thdnh to mgt cdch ti mi de ddnh gia cac kha ndng cd the xdy ra Khi dd Hpt ke dugc cac kha nang se Uen tdi can nhdc cdc khd nang
dd vd chgn ra gidi phap tot nhit theo y minh Budc cudi ciing la thyc hipn quyet dinh, tire
la phdi xdy dung mgt Ig trinh lam vipc de dam bao cd dugc ket qua udc djnh* Cdc budc thyc hipn phugng phdp tinh hudng (PPTH)
1 - Ddnh gia tinh hudng;
2 - Khganh vung vdn de ;
3 - Tap tmng cac sy kipn cdt loi quanh trgng tam van de can gidi quyet;
4 - Phdn tich cac sy kipn;
5 - Danh gid cdc gidi phdp kha thi;
6 - Cdn nhac cac khd ndng vd chon ra gidi phdp tdt nhdt;
7 - Ra quyet dinh, thyc hipn quylt djnh
1.2 Khiu qudt cdc bu&c thirc hien phicang phdp tinh huong
Bie&c I : Phdn tich tinh hudng
- Ai la ngudi lien quan? Xac djnh (T)jnh tinh) hg bing nhiing thugt ngii chuan xac (vi
dy trgng mgt vu vipc lien quan den hgp ddng
^ La gestion dynamique : concepts, metliodes et applications (Qudn ly ndng dong : kliai niem phuang pMp, thirc lidnh), Les Editions de la Cheneliere inc, Tdi bdn lan tliu 4 - 2007
Trang 7thue mudn, Ong X la ngudi thue, dng Y Id
ngirdi cho thue),
- Xac dinh cac sy kipn'' Chgn lgc cac thdng
im hiru ich va trinh bay lgi theo trinh ly irudc
sau, Xfiy dgni; i.nn Ihdi mgt so dd rd rang nhat
ci) the
Biidv 2 Xcicdinh mil dO mang tinhplx'ip ly
\;ic dinli win de phdp ly phat sinh lir cac sy
kipn \ ii trinh bay nd dudi dgng cdu hdi, Dirng
qiion ring van de phai dugc trinh bay mgt cdch
long quat cho tirng tardng hgp cy the (vi dy
Ngudi cho Ihue cd quyen dan phuong ndng
gia cho thue len hay khdng'')
Bux'rc 5 C Vk- quy ldc diixrc dp dung
Cac quy tdc nay cd the dugc dua ra dudi
hinh thirc cdc tdi lipu dinh kcm (trich bg lugt,
phdn quyet ciia tda, van ban lugt, cac thda udc
tap the ), Cac quy tac dd cd the cd trong bdi
hoc, vi thi nhdt thiet phdi khoanh vung bdi hgc
(vi du phdn hop ddng)
Bu&c 4 : Cdc gidl phdp cd ly le
- Chgn giai phdp la giai thich bang luan
chung phap ly chat che, ke cd bdi viet cdc luan
cu, bang cdch dung cac thuat ngy that thuyet
phuc (Vi du: do do, tren co sd dd ,), Vipc ndy
cd the dan den nhung hgu qua phap ly (hanh vi
phap ly, phuong phap tien hanh)
Luan chimg cd the giup dat dugc
- Mdt gidi phdp kha thi (Vi du hgp ddng
dang tranh chap cd the se bi hiiy hay ngugc lai
khdng the bi hiiy)
- Sy ludn chuyen (Vi du' ngudi mua mgt bit
ddng san md khdng dugc giao, cd the yeu cau
cudng che thi hanh viec ban de nhan dugc bat
ddng sdn hay yeu cdu thanh ly hgp dong mua
bdn)
Nhfing dieu can luu y doi voi giiing vien
khi ap dung phuoiig p h a p tinh huong
- Kiem tra viec tiep thu bdi cua sinh vien
Ndi each khdc, kiem tra xem sinh vien cd ndm
vd hieu duoc kien thitc da hgc hay chua
- Phdi chac chan rang rinh dung dan ve mat
lap lugn ciia smh vien cd dugc la nhd vao sy
van dung kiln thuc vao ddi sdng thyc tien, thi
hien q u a :
Xac djnh cac nguyen tdc phdp ly se dugc
dp dyng;
, Giai quylt van d l b i n g vipc dp dyng phap luat dugc ddt ra vdi sy chat che can thiet; Dua ly le cho moi y kiln dugc dua ra
c i n Uru y rdng giai phdp khdng quan frpng, Igp lugn d l dua ra gidi phap mdi thyc sy quan trgng,
2 Seminar Seminar cd the hieu don gian Id mgt hinh thirc hgc tgp, md trong dd ngudi hgc chu dpng hoan todn tti khau chuan bi tai lipu, trinh bay ngi dung, dua din chirng, trao doi, thdo luan vdi cac thanh vien khdc, cho den cudi cung
Id ty rill ra ngi dung bai hgc hay van de khoa hgc cting nhu d l xuat cac y kien de md rpng ngi dung
Seminar Id phuang phap su pham phd bien dugc sir dung rat thudng xuyen tai cac trudng dai hgc d cdc nudc tien tien ndi chung va 6 cac khoa luat ndi rieng Vdi chinh sach quan lip qudc te rgng rai va da dang cua Trudng D^ hgc Lugt Tp Hd Chi Minh, viec mdi cdc giao
su hay luat su thudc cdc co sd ddi tdc tham gia
td chirc cdc buoi seminar tgi trudng Id hoan todn kha thi Bdi vivipc tham gia vao qud trinh gidng dgy ciia cdc gido su thinh gidng quoc te hay nhirng ngudi ldm cdng tdc thyc tien bao gid cung can thiet va bd ich Hg giup thay doi khdng khi dao tao qua cac cudc giag luu, giiip cap nhgt thdng tin mdi kjp thdi Dieu nay hoan todn phu hgp vdi myc tieu dao tgo ngudn nhan lyc cd kha nang tham gia cac hogt dgng phi^ luat qudc te cua taidng,
Phugng phap nay cho phep cd mgt buoi hgc sinh dgng, sinh vien ren luypn ky ndng lam vipc dgc Igp, ky nang nghien cim va ky ndng trinh bay trudc dam ddng va tranh lugn, Tuy nhien, phuong phap nay cung doi hoi phai cd sy chudn bj ky ludng v l tdi lipu va phdi cd thdi gian
Phuong phap Seminar giiip giang vien dgy
ly lugn di ddi vdi tiiyc tiln, Cac thdng tin tiiyc
te cd lien quan d i n ly tiiuyet da hgc se cd di^u kien cho giang vien ndi r6 hon qua cac buii
Trang 8BAO TAP
hay cac thdng tin cu the trong nghien cim
Ngoai ra, phuong phdp gidng dgy ndy cdn
giiip giang vien khdng ngung cung co, nang
cao kien thirc cua minh, each trinh bay, cung
cip thong tin cho sinh vien, Vipc td chirc tiido
lugn la mpt bien phdp giup giang vien nam ro
tinh hinh hoc tap cua sinh vien, hieu sinh vien
biltgi, nghTgi ve van de da hgc
Yen edit ddi v&i gidng vien: Tim chii dephii
hop vdi ngi dung bai giang, chudn bi ngudn tu
lieu phye vu chii de vd bai giang Ddng thdi
cung cap hoac hudng dan, ggi y cho sinh vien
tim tai lipu, Trong qua trinh thyc hipn, giang
vien phai san sdng giai ddp tiiac mac cho sinh
vien tir qua trinh chudn bi, cho den vipc lang
nghe, bo sung vd sua chiia thieu sdt cua sinh
vien, sau cung la tdng ket van de dgt ra Giang
vien can td chiic mdt budi cho sinh vien bdo
cao tnldc Idp
Yeu cdu ddl v&i sinh viin Tim tdi lieu phu
hgp de sit dung (ddi hdi klid nang ddnh gid tdi
lieu), phai chuan bj kien tiiuc cho buoi seminar
bang each dpc ky tdi lieu Sinh vien cung phdi
biet each tong hgp cdc kien thiic da hgc, chuan
bi thanh bai viet de trinh bay frong budi seminar
- day la khau ddi hdi ky ndng thuyet trinh tmdc
dam dong va trinh bay ngan gon, siic tich mdt
van de frong thdi gian ngan (han die)
3 Phuxmg phap sam vai
Phuang phap nay dugc sir dung de day
nhiing "ky ndng hdnh nghe nhung cung
CO rdt nhiiu khd ndng ed the xdy ra khi
phdi dgy vd hgc nhUng ky ndng ve mdi
quan he giira eon ngu&i Niu sir dung cd
hiiu qud phuang phdp ndy Ihi nd se kich
thich SIC hirng thii Iham gia eiia ngu&i hgc,
giup ngu&i hgc phdt triin ky ndng giao
liSp vd kinh nghiem gidi quyit (dl cde (inh
huong phirc tgp phdt sinh trong (hue (i "^
Tren thuc te, p h u a n g phap sam vai van
dugc ap dung d mgt so ldp tai Trudng Dai
hoc Luat Tp Hd Chi Minh Ngodi ra, hoat
' Xem' Dodn Thanh Thuy - Qudn Iy phuang phdp
%hoc d;ii hoc dap tmg yeu cau nang cao cMt lirgng
"^lao -
http://wwiv.vnq.edu.vn/indexphp/lp-chi-flKi^g-q/nghien-cu-trao-1/4
85-qiin-ly-phng-phap-dgng hgp tdc quoc te Moot Competirion
la mgt dip de cdc sinh vien luat hp chinh quy cd dip ren luyen cac ky nang tham gia tranh tyng theo p h u a n g thuc mgt phien tda gid djnh Hipn nay cdc sinh vien hp nay van rilp tyc hogt dgng "ngogi khoa" ciing vdi "Cau lgc bg Phien tda gia dinh" Theo chung tdi, can thiet dua hogt dgng nay thdnh hogt ddng chinh thirc thdng qua vipc dp dyng p h u a n g phdp giang dgy rich cyc sap tdi
D C A C H O A T D O N G BO TRQf KY
NANG L A M V I E C c i l O SINH VIEN
1 T h u c t a p d' cac doanh nghiep, co* quan hiinh chinh, co' q u a n p h a p luat Yeu cau nay danh cho sinh vien Luat lan cac nganh khac cua trudng, ma cy the tdi thdi diem hien tai Id ngdnh Qudn tri Chung tdi de xudt td chirc cdc dgt thuc tdp nhgn thirc (ddi vdi sinh vien 2 nam dau), theo do cho sinh vien thuc tap ngay tir nam thir nhat, dieu nay giup sinh vien cd co hdi ldm quen vdi mdi trudng lam vipc thuc te Noi thyc tap cd the la cac van phdng ludt su, cdng ty ludt, bd phan phdp che, hdnh chinh ciia cdc doanh nghiep ca hai khu vyc nhd nudc vd tu nhdn, d Tp Hd Chi Minh vd cd
d cdc tinh Thdi gian thuc tap la 1 thdng ddi vdi sinh vien nam 1 vd 2; va 2 den 4 thang ddi vdi sinh vien nam 3 va 4
Yiu cdu ddi v&i sinh vien: Chu dgng tim
noi thuc tap trudc khi de nghi nhd trudng hd trg tim kiem Sau ky thyc tap phdi ldm bdo cao thyc tgp Bdo cao ndy se dugc danh gid theo ti le diem (se xde dinh sau) Viec viet bdo cao thyc tdp se giiip sinh vien cd dugc co hdi ren luypn ky nang viet, phdn tich, tdng hgp va trinh bdy nhan xet cd nhdn ciia minh qua do ghi nhd nhung kinh nghiem da due ket dugc yong suot qua frinh thyc tap
Yeu cdu ve phia (ruirng: De cd the td
chirc cho sinh vien thuc tap nhu vay, nha trudng cin phai cd mdi lien hp chgt che vdi cdc doanh nghipp, cac co quan td chiic hiiu quan, phai giir lien lgc vdi cac cuu sinh vien
cua trudng - day la luc lugng se hd trg tiep
Trang 9dan (neu dugc) sinh vien ciia Trudng ve thyc
tgp, Ngoai ra, neu mdi lien ket giira trudng
va xa hgi dugc ldm tot, day se la co hgi de
Tardng nam dugc chinh xac nhu cau ciia
xa hgi nhd the se cung irng cho thi trudng
lao dgng nhfmg "sdn p h i m " phii hgp vd dgt
chuan Nhu vgy, Trudng s6 trdnh dugc vipc
lang phi va lung lung Irong qud trinh dao
tgo, ddng thdi tgo thugn lgi hon cho sinh
vien tim vipc sau khi tot nghipp,
2 Dy (hinh (ai cac phien l6:i
Doi vdi cdc sinh vien Luat, dy thinh cac
phien toan nen dua dan thdnh hogt dgng bit
bugc,
Myc dich vd y ngliTa cua hogt dgng tham
dg cdc phien tda va viet thu hogch la de bdm
sat thyc tien, quan sat ciing luc vdi cac nhan
vien ngdnh ttr phdp, tu dd cd thi dua ra nhgn
xet tdng qudt ve tinh hinh dan den tranh chap,
nang cao ky nang khdi qudt van de Hon niJa,
hoat ddng nay giup sinh vien cd co hgi lam
quen vdi mdi tnrdng nghe nghipp, cy the la
nghe tham phan, cdng td, nghe lugt su vd lugt
gia tu vdn doanh nghipp Khi tham gia dy
thinh, sinh vien cung cd the quan sat va hgc
hdi each thuc tien hdnh td h,ing, thay rd vai trd
cua tham phdn, hgi thdm nhan dan, thu ky tod
an, Ngodi ra, khi quan sdt vd ghi nhgn each
thuc tranh ttjng d tda, sinh vien cdn hgc hdi
dugc each lap ludn, each xay dyng va trinh
bay luan chung cua lugt su cdc ben hay ciia
cdng td vien, ciia vipn kiem sat
Yiu edu ddnh gid Viet bdi thu hogch v l mgt
sd vy tranh chap, vy dn dugc xet xu tgi tda dn
md sinh vien tham dy
K E T LUAN
Neu cho rdng giao dye dgi hgc hipn nay cd 4
vai trd'" • (1) xay dyng ngudn nhan lyc, (2) san
sinh tri thuc mdi, (3) chuyen giao va irng dyng
tri thirc, (4) duy tri, bao tdn vdn kien thuc ciia
nhan logi, thi cd 4 vai trd ay deu nham vdo
chuc nang hgc thugt cua gido dye dgi hgc
nhung trong mdi ttjong quan chat che vdi mdi
trudng xa hgi Cd the ndi dd la ly do ton tai cua
'" Tran Lc Hihi NghTa - Ldm gi dc ndng cao chat
lugng dgi hoc? lmp://\vww.ttasang.com.vn/Defaiilt.as
px'?tabid=in&News=4027&CategoiyID=6
dgi hgc trong myc dich phye vy cgng dong, j ^ hgi Vdi tu each Id mgt bg phgn khdng the tach rdi cua xa hgi, gido dye dgi hgc da gdp phan khdng nhd vdo sy phat triln cua xa hgi thong qua vipc cung ung nhirng san pham ddo t^o chit lugng cao
Vipc dua phuong phdp giang day tich cyc vdo chuang trinh cai tiln phuang phdp gidng dgy tgi Tardng Dai hgc Luat Tp HCM chinh la mong dgt dugc myc tieu cao dpp ndy
"Di ddl m&i qudn ly phuang phdp gidng dgy, nhd tnr&ng khdng the thiiu mgt doi ngii cdn bg qudn ly, gidng vien dU vi sd lux/ng, phil hgp vi ca cdu vd dgt chuan ve kien thiic, dgo dtic Nhd gido Vai dgi n^ gidng vien cd Irinh dg cao, c6 long say me nghe nghidp ludn tim tdi sdng Igo si gop phdn khdng nho Irong vi^c hir&ng ddn sinh viin tham gia nghien cim khoa hgc, trau ddi Irinh dg ly ludn vd kien thitc thyv lien Bin cgnh dd, ddu tu trang thiel bi dgy hoc hien dgi phii hgp v&i -ngi dung chucmg trinh gidng dgy tien lien, str dung tdi li^u, biii gidng dien tir tren mgng de tien tai hgi nhgp vai cdc trtr&ng dgi hgc trong khu virc vd the gi&i Tien hdnh cdng tdc qudn ly, kiim tra
vd ddnh gid viec dgy cua gidng vien va viec hgc ctia sinh vien Id khdu then chot di n^M cao chdt lirang ddo tgo trong cdc trudm Dai hoc."*\ •
' Dodn Thanh ThuJ, Tldd