Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trhn Thj Huang NHtnVG KHO KHAN TRONG HOAT DONG TH^C TAP GIAO DyC d TRlTPNG TRUNG HQC PHO THONG CUA SINH VIEN TRU''''OfNG DAI HQC SU" PHAM THANH P H O HO CHI IVIINH T R A N THI[.]
Trang 1NHtnVG KHO KHAN TRONG HOAT DONG TH^C TAP GIAO DyC
d TRlTPNG TRUNG HQC PHO THONG CUA SINH VIEN TRU'OfNG DAI HQC SU" PHAM THANH P H O HO CHI IVIINH
T R A N THI HLfONG'
TOM TAT
Thuc lgp suphgm eda sinh vien Tnrdng Bgi hgc Suphgm Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (BHSP TPHCM) dugc liin hdnh Irong hai ki vdi ba ngi dung thuc tgp, gdm: tim hiiu thuc
te gido due, thue tap gido dl/ic vd thue lgp gidng dgy mdn hgc Bdi viit Irinh bdy mUc dd khd khdn cua sinh vien trong viec thirc hiin cdc ngi dung thuc tgp gido due d trudng trung hoc phd thdng tir dd dua ra nhirng kiin nghi nhdm giiip sinh viin gidm bdt khd khdn trong hoat dgng thuc lap gido dye a trudng phd thdng
Tir khda: thyc tap giio dye, khd khin ciia sinh vien tiong hogt dpng thyc tip giao dye
ABSTRACT
Difficulties encountered by students of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education during their practicum in high schools in Ho Chi Minh City
The practicum for students of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education in high schools is conducted in /M'O phases with three main tasks: studying the educational reality, practical educating and practical subject teaching This article shows the difficulties students often encounter carrying out their practical educating task in high schools, thereby proposing solutions to help students overcome these difficuUies during their practicum in high
schools-Keywords: practicum, students' difficulties during their practicum
L Dat van d l cho SV van dyng nhiing tri thirc, kT ning
Pham chit vi ning lyc su phgm cda di hpc vao cic boat dfng thyc tien cua ngudi giio vien dupc hinh thinh vi phit cdng tic giio dye Mdi giai dogn diu cd ttien trong qui trinh dio tgo vi bdi dudng mpt vi tri, vai trd nhit dinh nhung ed mdi liu dai, nhung giai dogn dio tao ban diu quan he mat thilt va hd trp nhau frong
d trucmg su phgm li cd y nghia quylt qui trinh dao tao nghi cho SV Giai doan djnh Hoat dpng dao tgo nghiep vy su 1 li co sd, nen ting, cd tinh chit dinh phgm cho sinh vien (SV) d Trudng hucmg nghd nghifp liu dii cho SV Giai DHSP TPHCM bao gdm hai giai dogn: doan 2 li giai doan hoan thinh qui trinh giai dogn 1 nhim trang bi cho SV hf dao tao vl chuyen mdn vi nghifp vu, ii
thdng tri thuc khoa hpc ca bin ve chuyen dpt ^tdng diin tap" cic kT ning su pham
nganh vi ren luyfn hf thing kT ning, ki cua SV dupe chuin bi trong toin bd tien xao su pham; giai doan 2 nhim td chiic frinh dao tgo nghi
Thuc tap su phgm li hinh thiic chu yeu trong giai doan 2 - giai doan mi sinh
TS, Trudng Ogi hpc Su phgm TPHCM ^ j ^ ,;<p ^^,^ j ^ ^ ji<p ^ ^ i j ^ ^ , ^ , ^ j ^
Trang 2Tgp chl KHOA HQC DHSP TPI-' M\
dpng cua nghi nghifp Thyc tl sinh dfng
dd cd tic dyng cung cl, md rf ng nhQng
tri thdc, kT ning di dupc tich luy, hinh
thinh, phit triln nhQng tri thitc, kT ning
mdi thep yeu ciu mdi cua cic trudng su
phgm, ding thdi bii duOng, phit triln
tinh cim nghi nghifp, himg thii, nhu ciu,
thdi quen ty rta luyfn, ty dio tao cda
SV Trong hai ki thyc tfp, ttpng tam cda
thyc tfp su phgm ki 1 li thyc tgp giio
dye vi trpng tim cua thyc tip su phgm ki
2 li thyc tip giing dgy
Ning cao chit lupng hogt dpng
thyc tgp giio dye cua SV su phgm li mpt
vin dl di vi dang dupc quan tam nghien
ciru Mpt ttong nhQng dilu kifn cot ldi dl
nang cao chit iucjmg hogt dpng nay li
dinh gii dupc nhiing khd khin mi SV
gjp phai trong qua trinh thyc tip giio
dye, tu dd cd nhiing bifn phip phii hpp
ban Trong khudn khd bai bao niy, chung
tdi dl cgp den muc dp khd khin cug SV
Trudng DHSP TPHCM trong vifc thyc
hifn cic npi dung thyc tip giio dye (cdng
tic chu nhifm Icip) d trudng trung hpc
phi thdng (THPT) ttong hai ki thyc tgp
su phgm
2 IMirc dp khd khin trong cic n$i
dung th^c t^p giio di^c ciia sinh vien
Miu khao sit trong nghidn cuu cua
chiing tdi gdm cd: 185 giio vien (GV)
cic trudng THPT tgi TPHCM tham gig
hucitng din thyc tgp giio dye, 720 SV
nim thii 3 vi thii 4 cic khoa co bin cua
Bdng ddnh gid muc dg khd khdn
trudng tham gia hai ki thyc tgp su phgm
Chung tdi tiln hinh khio sit mdc dp kh6 khin doi vdi SV trong cic npi dung thyc tjp giio dye sau diy: , Tim hilu hpc sinh Icirp chu nhifm; ^
Giao tilp, thilt l|ip moi quan hf vdi hpc sinh;
Xiy dyng kl hoach cdng tic chii nhifm ldp;
Tim hilu d|c dilm tinh hinh tnrdng THPT;
- Td chuc cic hogt dpng sinh hogt tfp thi, hogt dfng ngoii gid len ldp;
To chiic xay dyng tip thi hpc sinh ldp chu nhifm;
Hudng dan cac hogt dpng Doin;
Tim hilu va thim gia dinh hpc sinh;
Giao tilp vdi cic lyc lupng giao due d trudng THPT;
Giai quylt cic tinh hulng su pham;
Giio dye hpc sinh chua ngoan;
Kiem tta, dinh gia kit qui ho^
dpng giio dye
Dinh gii cua GV hudng din thyc tap giao dye vi ciia SV ve miic dp khi khin ddi vdi SV khi thyc hifn cic nfi dung tten thep 4 miic dp: miic I: de dang;
muc 2: it khd khin; mdc 3: khd khan;
muc 4: rat khd khin Diem trung binh (DTB) dupc quy djnh theo bidn lien tuc:
DTB < 1,5: dl ding; 1,5 < DTB < 2,5: it khd khin; 2,5 < DTB < 3,5: khd khin;
3,5 < DTB: rit khd khin Kit qui ting hpp dupc thi hifn d bing sau:
cita SV trong thuc tgp gido difc
STT
1
2
3
Npi dung t h ^ t$p giio dye
Giao dye hpc sinh chua ngoan
Tim hilu vi thSm gia dinh hpc sinh
Giai quyet cac tinh hudng su phgm
DTB
GV 2,72 2,71 2,54
SV 3,16 3,03 2,84
Thi^bl!
GV
1
Z
3
S'
1
,i
i
Trang 34
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ki6m fra, danh gii ket qua hoat ddng giao due
Tim hilu hpc sinh ldp chii nhiem
Td chiic xay dung tip Ihl hoc sinh ldp chu nhifm
Giao tilp vdi cic luc luong giio due d trudng THPT
Hudng din cic hoat ddng Doin
Td chdc cac boat ddng tip thi, HDGDNGLL
Lap ke hoach cdng tic chii nhiem ldp
Giao tiep, thiet lap mdi quan hf vdi hpc sinh
Tim hidu die diem tinh hinh ttudng THPT
2,37 2,22 2,20 2,18 2,17 2,07
2,05 1,81 1,69
2,62 3,01 2,71 2,69 2,55 2,65
2,61
2,66
2,45
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
8
3
5
6
11
9
10
7
12 Ket qui thdng kS trong bing dupc
xIp theo thil bfc giam din cho thiy ci
GV vi SV deu dinh gii mdc dp khd khin
cua SV khi thyc hifn cic ndi dung thyc
tap giio dye tip trung d hai miic dp "khd
khin" vi "it khd khin"; khdng cd ndi
dung thyc tip giio dye dupc dinh gii li
"dl ding" hay "rit khd khan" ddi vdi SV
Theo dinh gii cua GV hucing dan,
SV gap "khd khan" nhit d 3 ndi dung
thyc tip giio due li "giio due hpe sinh
chua ngoan" (xep bac 1); "Tim hieu vi
thim gia dinh hpc sinh"^ (xep bic 2) vi
"Giii quylt cic tinh hudng su pham"
(xIp bic 3) Diy la nhiing ndi dung thyc
tap giio dye quan ttpng cua SV, nhung
cung la nhQng ndi dung khd cd the thyc
hifn thanh cdng ttong thdi gian di thyc
tip D I thyc hifn cd kit qui cic ndi dung
niy ddi hdi SV phii cd nhilu thdi gian,
ddng thtri phai dupc chuin bi tdt ve kien
thiic, kl nang, tim thi, bin linh vQng
vang Nhiing dieu nay cdn ban chl ddi
vdi SV, nen SV gap khi nhilu khd khin,
lung hing khi thtrc tip giio dye Ching
han, SV gap khd khan nhit d npi dung
giao due hpc sinh chua ngoan, SV thudng
khd tilp can vdi hpc sinh ci biet, chua
tgo dupc quan hf tinh cim gin bd thay
-frd, chua thyc sy tim hilu dupc nguyen
chi thu dupc mpt sd ket qui nhat thdi, mang tinh vy vifc
Nhdm cac npi dung thyc tap giio due dupc GV dinh gii SV gap "it khd khin" li "Ki6m tra, dinh gii ket qui hoat dpng giio dye" (2,37); "Tim hieu hpc sinh ldp chu nhifm" (2,22); "Td chirc xay dyng tap the hpc sinh l{5p chu nhiem" (2,20); "Giao tilp vdi cic luc lupng giio dye d ttudng THPT" (2,18); "Hudng din cic boat ddng Doan" (2,17) Diy li nhQng npi dung ma SV phii thyc hifn rit nhilu ttong qui trinh thuc tap giio due vi ddi hdi SV phii thinh thao nhiing kT nang
cu thi, chuyto biet Mac du SV it gap khd khan ban frong nhQng boat dpng niy nhung vifc thyc hifn cung khdng phai dd dang Qua frao ddi vdi mpt si GV budng din, hp vin cho ring SV cdn gip nhilu khd khin vi lung tiing trong khi vin dung cac kl ning cy thi Ching han, cac GV hudng din nhan xet ddi vdi ndi dung xiy dyng kl hoach chu nhifm Icip, SV thudng thilt kl kl hoach chung chung hogc qui vyn vit, chi tilt, cic npi dung cdng vifc
va bifn phip tiln hanh khdng ro ring, thiiu tinh hpp li, khoa hpc vi khi thi TQ
dd, vifc t l chirc xiy dung tip thi hpc sinh ldp chu nhifm theo kl hoach timg tuin vi thing chua cu thi vi hf thing
Trang 4Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM
Nhdm nhQng npi dung giio dye cdn
lai dupc danh gii SV it g$p khd khin ban
ca, bao gdm: "Td chdc cac hogt dpng
sinh hogt tgp thi, hogt dpng giio dye
ngoai gid len ldp" (2,07) "Lgp kl hogch
cdng tic chu nhifm ldp" (2,05) "Giao
tilp, thilt lgp moi quan hf vdi hpc sinh"
(1,81); "Tim hilu d^c dilm tinh hinh
ttudng THPT (1,69) Dinh gii niy cung
phu hpp vdi thyc le vi khi vl trudng pho
thdng, SV di dupc nghe bio cio vl tinh
hinh giio dye chung cua trucmg, vl hogt
dpng giio dye (chu yeu li cdng tic chii
nhifm) va vl hogt dfng giang day ciia
trudng Dd li nhQng ca sd de SV tim
hieu thyc tl giio dye mpt cich thugn lpi
SV cung cd nhieu lpi the trong vifc thiet
lip cic mdi quan he giao tiep vdi hpc
sinh vi td chuc cic hogt dpng sinh hogt
tip the, hoat ddng vin hda, vin nghf, vui
choi, giii tri Trong qui trinh ren luyfn
cic kT ning hogt dpng giio dye thdng qua
viec hpc tip mdn Giio dye hpc tgi
Trudng DHSP TPHCM, SV cung dupc
hinh thinh kT ning td chuc cic hogt dpng
ngoii gid len Icip tuy chua thucmg xuyen
Theo danh gia cua SV, SV gip
"Ichd khin" d hau het cic hoal dpng giao
dye (HDGD) (2,5 <DTB < 3,5) Muc dp
danh gia cua SV vl nhiing khd khin ma
hp gip phii trong cdng tic thyc tip chu
nhifm cao hon dinh gii cua GV Dieu
niy cho thiy SV di nhin thuc vi phin
nio trii nghifm nhQng khd khin, phue
tgp, liu dai cua HDGD hpc sinh; tu dd,
hp cd y thirc trach nhifm ban trong qui
trinh ren luyfn sau nay Trong cic ki thyc
tap su phgm, GV van cd xu hudng danh
gia kit qui thyc tip ciia SV cao hon SV
ty dinh gii Tuy nhien, kit qui xIp thii
bf c d bing tren cho thiy danh gii cua SV khi tuang ddng vdi GV d nhQng noi dung giio dye SV g5p "khd khin nhit"
vi "il g?p khd khin nhit"
3 Mft si kiln nghj
D I gdp phan giii quylt nhQng kho khin ciia SV trong hogt dpng thyc tap giio dye chung tdi di tgp hpp kit qui tra Idi d nhQng ciu hdi md trong philu khio sit kit hcjip vdi trgo doi phdng vin ttiie tilp giio vien hucing din thyc tgp gi^ dye vi neu len mpt sd kien nghj sau diy:
3.1 oSi v6i Tru'dng DHSP vd cdc khm
trong tru&ng
c i n quan tam dung miic va cd ki
hogch phdi hpp cy thi, thudng xuyen voi cic trudng phd thdng de ren luyfn ki ning HDGD cho SV, cd kl hoach cho
SV "cp xit" vdi thyc tl giio dye ph6 thdng, tiep xuc tryc tilp vdi ddi tupng giio dye tu khi la SV nim thir 2 Khi SV vl thyc tip chu nhifm 6 trucmg phd thdng, nen phin cdng mpt ldp chi cd tu mdt den hai SV li tit nhit, vi mpt ldp qui ddng SV thyc tip chu nhiem
se khdng hifu qui Tao dieu kifn cho SV
cd them hai tuin thyc tip de SV cd co hpi tim hilu, thim nhgp siu hon vao HDGD
Thudng xuyen td chuc vi tgo co hfi cho SV thgm gig cdng tic Doin, Hoi, Ciu Igc bp, cdng tic xi hpi, cic ho?l dpng ngoai khda, thi nghifp vy sa phgm, de SV hpc hdi vi cd thi td chirc cac hogt dpng Doin, hogt ddng ngoii giir len ldp d trudng THPT de ding hem Ting thdi gign vi tgo dilu kifn cho khoa Tim li - Giio due thyc hifn viec ren luyfn hf thing cic kT ning HDGD cho SV
Trang 5Tran Thi Huang
3.2 Boi vdi Khoa Tdm ll-Gido dfc
Khoa Tam li giio dye, die bift li
bp mdn Giio due hpc cin xiy dyng hf
thdng kT ning HDGD ca bin va quy trinh
ren luyfn hf thing kT ning dd cho SV
ttong qui frinh dgy hpc Chu ttpng rdn
luyfn cho SV hf thing kT ning cdng tic
chu nhifm ldp nhu kT ning xiy dyng kl
hogch chu nhifm \dp, kT ning thiet kl vi
td chdc cic hogt dpng giio dye ngoii gid
len Icip, kT ning giii quylt cic tinh hulng
giio dye, kT ning thilt lip cic mdi quan
hf giao tilp img xu vc!ri giio viSn phd
thdng vi vdi cha m? hpc sinh, kT nSng
giio dye hpc sinh ci bift; kT ning kiim
tta vi dinh gii kit qui hogt dfng giio
dye
Cii tien ndi dung, phuong phip dgy
hpe cac mdn khoa hpc nghifp vy su
phgm, nhit li mdn Giio dye hpc theo
hudng tinh giin 11 thuyet, ting cucmg gid
thyc hinh ndi khda mdn hpc (giii bii tap
thyc hinh, seminar, thio lufn nhdm,
luyfn tgp kT ning )
3.3 Bdi v&i GV hur&ng din thifc tgp
gido due & tru&ng phS thdng
Nhift tinh, ttich nhifm, tin tyy,
quan tim, chia se, thdng cam, tao dieu
kifn tdi da cho SV tilp xuc, va chgm vi
xu li cic tinh hudng thyc tl giio dye va
chia se kinh nghifm thuc tiln vdi SV,
gdp y chin thinh cic hgn chl cua SV
D I ra cic yeu ciu cao nhung cy the
dii vdi SV; danh gii khich quan, cdng
bing kit qui thuc tip giio due cua SV
3.4 Bdi v&i SV thuc t^p giao dye
Y thdc ddng din tam quan trpng cua cdng tic thyc tip chu nhifm d trudng pho thdng dl tich cue trang hi tri thuc, ren luyfn cic ki ning hoat ddng giio dye trong qua trinh hpc tip
Mgnh dgn, chii ddng, ty tin, ty giic, tich cue, ning dpng, bilt quan sit, bilt ling nghe, ty hpc hdi tu bgn bd, thiy cd hudng din, hpc sinh vi cic lyc lupng giio dye cd lien quan d truimg phd thdng
Cd ke hogch, phucmg phip thyc hifn cic hogt dpng giio dye vi kien tri thuc hifn, thudng xuyen ty tdng kit, nit kinh nghifm
Gin gui vdi hpc sinh ldp chu nhifm, kien tti bim ldp, hudng din hpc sinh hpc tap vi hd trp frong cdng tic Doin, ting cucmg ty giio due tic phong, phim chil nghe giio, cic mdi quan hf giao tiep vi iing xu vdi dong nghifp
4 Ket lugn Trong giai dogn hifn nay, nhung yeu ciu ddi vdi nhin cich ngudi GV phd thdng ngay cang cao, die bift li yeu ciu
vl kT ning su phgm, frong dd cd kT nang HDGD Vifc hinh thinh va ren luyfn hf thing kl nang cho SV trudc hit diln ra frong qui trinh dio tgo d trudng su pham
vi hoin thifn din frong qui frinh thuc tip, thyc tl giio due ciia SV Ning cao chit lupng ren luyfn nghiep vy su phgm frong qui trinh dio tgo li gdp phin giam bdt nhQng khd khin ma SV thucmg gap khi hp tilp xuc vdi thuc tien giio dye da dgng sau niy
Ghi chd: Bdi bdo dua trin sd Uiu ciia di tdi nghien ciru khoa hoc va cdng nghi cap
Bd, md sd B.2007.19.25: "Thuc trang vd biin phdp ren luyin kindng hogt dgng gido due eho sinh vien Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm TPHCM"
(Xem tiep trang 113)