Khoa hoc Giao due PHAP LUAT VE GIAO DUC DAI HOC Of VIET NAIVI HIEN NAY NHOTNG VAN DE Lf L U A N VA THUt T I I N Nhufng nam gin dly nhieu chu truong, chinh sleh cua Ding ve giao due, dao tao ndi chung[.]
Trang 1PHAP LUAT VE GIAO DUC DAI HOC Of VIET NAIVI HIEN NAY
NHOTNG VAN DE Lf L U A N VA THUt T I I N
Nhufng nam gin dly nhieu chu truong, chinh
sleh cua Ding ve giao due, dao tao ndi chung
va giao due dai hpc ndi rilng, da dupe the che hda
thanh phlp luat, nhd dd chung da di vao ddi sdng
x l hdi, mang lai nhieu hilu qui Tuy nhien, theo
Bio d o chinh trj cda Ban Chap hanh Trung uong
Ding khda X tai Dai hdi Ding toln quoc Ian thCf XI
thi: "Chat lupng giao due va dIo tao chua dap Ung
yeu d u phIt trien, nhat II dIo tao nguon nhin luc
trinh dp cao cdn han che; QuIn li nhl nude ve
gilo due cdn bat eap"\Nhuvly,cd the khlng^nh
ring vile thUe hien chCi trUdng, chinh sleh, phap
luat ve giao due va dIo tao trong nhOng nIm qua
chua dat muc tieu, hieu qui mong mudn
Tii nhan djnh neu trIn, cung vdi viec nghien
cufu, tong ket thuc tien, cd the thay ring vai trd cua
phlp lult ddi vdi sU djnh hudng, thuc hien chien
JUde phat trien giao due la rat quan trpng Bdi vi
phlp luat II edng cu quIn li nhl nude, II sU the
che hda nhufng chu trUdng cua OIng vIo ddi sdng
Do do, de xay dung va hoan thien he thdng d e
quy pham phlp lult v l quIn li gilo due dal hpe d
nudc ta hien nay, dac biet la viec nghien cCfu, gdp
y du thIo Luat Gilo due dai hpc, thilt nghi can cd
d i nhin khIi quit ve he thdng vIn bin quy pham
phlp luat (VBQPPL) ve gilo due dai hpc hien cd vdi
nhCrng mat tich cue va han che cua nd
1 Khai niem "phap luat ve giao due dai
hpc"dVietNam
Trong he thong d e VBQPPL cua Nha nUde cd
nhilu quy djnh ve gilo due ndi ehung v l giao due
dai hpc ndi rieng, dac bilt la Hien phlp 1946 - Bin
Hiin phap diu tien cua Nha nUde Viet Nam - tai
Dleu 15 quy djnh: "Nen sa hgc cudng bach vd khdng
hoe phf, d cde truing sa hgc dja phuang, qude ddn
th'iiu s6 cd quyen hgc bdng tieng cOa minh Hgc tro
nghio dugc chinh phu giup TrUdng tU dugc md tU
do vd phdi dgy theo ehuang trlnh nhd nudc" Trong
1 Ding Cong Sin Viet Nam, Vdn kien DgihdiDgi
biiu todn quae Idn thdXI, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia,
2011, tr 148 (Bio d o chinh tri cua Ban Chap hanh
Trung uong Ding khda X tai DH OIng toan quoc
ISnthufXI)
ThS PHAM TI^N DUNG Tririftig Cao ffang Dien tir - Bien lanh Ha Npi nhUng nam khang chiln, vile ban hanh VBQPPL gap nhUng khd khIn nhat djnh, tuy nhien cang ngly he thdng to chufe hoat ddng va quIn li gilo due, quyIn hpe tap cCia edng dan d n g dupe hoan thien trIn co sd eua Hien phap, phlp lult CIc ban Hien phap 1980,1992 tilp tue phat huy nhCfng tU tudng dd de ed co sd xly dUng ban hanh Luat Gilo due 1998,2005,2009, Luat Day nghl 2006
Cd the thay, phlp lult v l gilo due ndi chung
va phap lult ve glao due dai hpc ndi rieng da dupe hinh thanh va ngly cang hoan thiln han.TU nhUng
phan tfeh neu trIn, ed the djnh nghTa phdp lugtve gido due dgi hgc Id mot bd phan /)o)3 thdnh eda phdp luat gido due, bao gom hi thong cde QPPL
do coquan nhd nudc cd thdm quyen ban hdnh de dieu chinh cde quan hixd hoi trong linh vUc gido due dgi hgc phu hop vdi Hien phdp, Luat Gido due vdcdcVBQPPLkhdc
Cung nhude ITnh vuc xa hdi khie, nhu eau giao
due ludn van ddng va phat trien, nen phlp lult v l
gilo due dai hpe can dugc bo sung, sUa ddi Tuy
nhien, trong mot nha nude phlp quyen thi phlp luat phli giO vai trd tdi thUpng, phap lult phli dupc sCf dung nhu edng cu dieu ehinh x l hpl pho biln,
Uu tiln hang dau cCia nha nude v l sCr dung phlp luat phli la dch Ung xO' thudng xuyin nhu mdt hinh thai van hda cOa edng dan Cong din dupe
bio ve bIng phap luat va dugc lam nhCfng gi phlp
luat khdng d m , cdn cd quan cong quyIn ehi dUdc lam nhCfng gi luat cho phep Do do, vile ban hanh, sCra ddi, bd sung, hoan thien kjp thdi eae VBQPPL
ve gilo due dai hpc cho phu hpp vdi sUvan ddng cua xa hdi II nhilm vu quan trpng cua Nha nude
va la nhu eau chi'nh ding cua xa hdi Neu sU dieu chinh la phu hpp hole khdng phu hpp thi tat ylu dan den nhOng he luy tuong Cfng Minh ehUng eu the eho dilu nay la su phat trien quy md, loai hinh,
so lupng, hinh thdc v l ca chat lupng gilo due d Viet
Nam trong khoing 10 nam vija qua NhOng thanh
tiAj eung nhU nhCfng mat tral, tieu cUc phIt sinh kem theo duang nhien cd sU tic ddng cua chinh sach phlp luat vdi d c quy dinh phlp luat cu the
Trang 22 ThUc t r a n g p h a p ludt v e ^ i a o due d a i
hpc d V i e t N a m hien nay v a s U c a n t h i e t p h a i
b a n h a n h Luat Giao due d a i hoc
2.1 Hi thong VBQPPL
Neu tinh tU nam 1992, thdi diem Nha nude ta
ban hanh ban H i i n p h l p thU 3 trong Ijch sir lap
hien - B i n H i i n p h l p cua thdi ki doi mdi thi cd the
k h I i q u i t hda h i thdng VBQPPL v l g i l o due dai
hpc d Viet Nam nhusau:
Hien phdp - Ludt Gido due - Cde vdn bdn dudi luat
ve g/do due da/hoc (NQ,Nb cua Chinh Phu, Q u y l t
dinh eua TTiu tudng chfnh phU )
Nhin v I o he t h d n g tren, chung ta de dang nhan
thay su thieu hut m d t v I n b i n luat thdng nhl't ve
lenh h o l e L u l t v e G i l o due dai hpc Ve mat n g u y i n
li thi luat g i l o due dai hpc la luat cu the (luat n h l n h ,
l u l t e h u y i n nganh, cd khi cdn gpi la "luat con")
(II luat chung, l u l t khung hay "luat me") Tat nhien,
vdi mpi nganh luat thi Hien phap 11 luat goc, l u l t co
ban, dao l u l t ed hieu lue eao nhat trong he thdng
phap luat Viet Nam Hien p h l p vdi tinh c h i t I I Luat
CO b i n quy iJnh v l to chUc quyen lue n h l nude
vcfl" e l e quan he ca b i n n h a t nhCfng van de trpng
pham H i i n p h l p t h u d n g cd tinh chat n g u y i n tac,
tuyen bd, djnh nghTa Vi v l y , n l u c h i d n c U v I o H i i n
phap thi v i l e thuc hien trong thuc te se rat khd; can
cd luat quy djnh eu the nguyen t i e n l y n h u Luat
G i l o due v l ele v I n b i n khie Tat nhien cung can
nhac lai rang neu khdng ed quy dinh cd tinh cot Idi
d u n g l u l t h o l e n l u d u t h i o l u l t t r l i vdi Hien p h l p
thi se khdng dUOc thdng qua, h o l e g i l sCf ed dupe
t h d n g qua thi p h l i xem xet lai
Thuc hien tinh than eua H i i n Phap nam 1992,
d i n trudc nam 1998 chung ta cung chua cd Luat
Giao due m l ehi I I ele van b i n dUdi l u l t nhu Nghj
djnh, Quyet djnh eua Thu tudng Chinh phu Cd the
vien dan ele Q u y l t djnh thanh lap cac dai hpc va
kem theo do la c l e quy c h i t d chufe, hoat ddng,
giao ehUe n l n g n h i l m vu cho cac ddn vi nay hay
c l e v I n ban ve quy che ve d I o tao, che dp ddi vdi
giang vien, sinh vien
Vdi suphattrien manh me v l q u y md, hinh thCfe,
sd lupng cac ed sd giao due dai hpc eung nhCfng
yeu d u , ddi hdi thuc tien d p b i c h , t h i n g 12 nam
1998, Qude Hdi khda X d l t h d n g qua Luat Giao
due - v I n b i n cd vj t r i eao nhat sau Hien phap dieu
chinh v l giao due ndi chung, trong d d ed g i l o due
dai hpc Phai k h I n g ^ n h r i n g , L u l t G i l o due 1998
va ele l u l t sda doi, bo sung sau nay eung e l c van ban dudi l u l t da tao nhOng budc c h u y i n bien rdret tren nhieu mat eua nen giao due nUde ta, d i e bilt
la g i l o due dai hpc CIc t h I n h tUu d d bao g d m su
p h I t trien v l quy md, da dang ve loai hinh trudng, hinh thdc dao tao; g i l o due dai hpe nUde ta da eung d p nguon Iao ddng ehCi y l u ed trinh dp cao dang, dal hpc, thae sT v l t i l n sT phue vu su nghiep
p h I t t r i l n kinh te - x l hdi, q u i trinh edng nghiip hda, hien dal hda dat nude, b i o d i m an ninh quoc phdng v l hdi nhap kinh te qude te.Tuy n h i l n sau hpn 20 nam trien khai thuc hien, g i l o due dai hpe thUe sU xUng vdi muc t i l u , yeu d u cOa D i n g , Nhl nUde v l dac biet la x l hdi Chat lUpng g i l o due dal hoc chua cao, cd e h i q u I n li cdn lung tung, nhieu bat cap Luat G i l o due vdi tfnh chat eua mot van
b i n luat khung cho e l he thdng g i l o due qude dan n I n n h i l u van de cdn quy djnh chung chung, khdng ehi t i l t , khd thuc thi N h i l u npi dung dat ra nhung khdng kha thi, chUa thUc hien dupc hole thuc hien khdng ed h i l u q u i , nhuHpi d d n g trUdng, quyen t u ehu, t u chiu trach nhiem Chinh bdi vi tri khai thUe hien ele edquan cd tham q u y I n p h l i ban
hanh he thdng cac van bdn diTdi iuat, ma he luy
cua vlec ban hanh q u i n h i l u van b i n dudi l u l t la
su v y n vat, l i p ghep, de chdng e h i o , m l h i l u lUe thuc thi lai khdng cao N h i l u van de cd tinh chat rat quan trpng cua g i l o due dai hpc n h u t d chut, hoat d d n g g i l o due dac thO, t l i ehinh, q u I n If nha nude ddi vdi g i l o due dai hpc, thanh tra, kiem tra, quan he qude t l lai ehi isupe quy dinh bdi d c ed quan hanh p h l p (Chfnh phu, Bd ) ban h i n h , dan tdi tinh trang "hanh ehinh hda" nhieu hoat ddng
g i l o due khdng can t h i e t dau d d cd " h i i n tUpng doe quyen" trong hoat ddng
2.2 SUedn thiet phdi ban hdnh Luat Gido due dgi hgc
TCf nhUng p h l n tich neu t r I n , de dang nhan thay ehung ta dang r i t d n p h l i day nhanh tde dd trong dd cd viee xay dUng va ban hanh d c l u l t cy
the ddi vdi giao due n h u Luat Giao due dai hoc,
Luat G i l o due mam non, L u l t N h l g i l o , L u l t b i o
ve quyen va Ipi ich cua ngudi hpc.Tat nhien de lam
dugc cac l u l t tren v l b i o d i m tfnh hpp hien, h c ^
phap, thdng nhat va chuan, Luat G i l o due van d n
cd m o t thiet ke t o n g hop hon tren d c p h u a n g dien
t r i l t If, khoa hpc, thuc tien R i l n g doi vdi g i l o due dai hpc thi d n tap t n j n g trf tue de sdm ban h i n h Luat G i l o due dai hpc n h I m k h I c phuc nhufng y l u kem, bat cap dang t o n tai va thuc hien dUPc muc
Trang 3tilu dupc dat ra trong Chiln lUpc phat trien kinh
te - x l hpl nam 2011 -2020 cCia Ding va Nghi quylt
14/2005/NQ-CP cCia Chfnh phCi
3 Nhufng yeu eau can thiet Ichi xay dung
va ban hanh Luat Giao due dai hpc
Tinh tdi thdi dilm nly, DU thIo Lult Gilo due
dai hpc da di dupc mdt ehing dUdng dli vdi su
chuan bi kha day du va dung quy trinh, nguyin
tic xay dung v l ban hanh VBQPPL eua co quan cd
tham quyen Cac chuyen gia, d c nha nghiin eCfu
chuyin sau va d c ca sd giao due da dupc mdi hoae
l^y y kiln ddng gdp rpng rai trong x l hdi qua vile
edng khai npi dung dUthIo Ian 4 tr§n eae phuong
tien thdng tin dai chCing Vile nhac lai nhCfng y kiln
ddng gdp da cong bd rdng rli cua d c chuyen gia
dau nglnh la khdng can thiet, tuy nhiln dudi gde
dd phlp If v l yeu eau thuc tien, thiet nghT ban soan
thIo nIn lUu y mdt so van di sau d l holn thien du
thao, bio dam hai hda giCfa 2 ylu td khoa hpe va
thuc tien;
Mdttd, phli bio dim nguyen tac Lult Gilo due
dai hpe the che hda dUdng Idi v l cle quan diem cd
bin cua Dang v l cu the hda nhCfng ndi dung da
dupe quy djnh trong Luat Gilo due Luat Gilo due
dai hpc nhit thiet phli dupc coi nhu luat bp phan,
nhlnh eua Luat Gilo due; bio dam su tham gia
cua toan xa hdi ddi vdi vile xly dung v l nlng cao
chit lupng giao due dai hpc nhU tinh than dupe
sung, sira dot nIm 2001);
Ha//d, tiep tuc de eao quyen tuchu, tUchju trach
nhilm trong glao due dai hpe va cu the hdn so vdi
Luat Gilo due, bdi dly la xu t h i tat ylu cCia giao due
dai hpc Viet Nam trong boi d n h hdi nhap qude te;
Ba Id, mdi quan he giufa Hdi ddng trudng (ddi
vdi cac trUdng edng lap) vdi cd quan chu quIn, to
chufe Ding trong cd sd glao due dai hpc cung d n
dupc de cap rd va cu the hpn Luat Gilo due;
fidn td, d n ed sU Hen thdng glCfa Lult Day nghe
vdi Lult Gilo due dai hpc de ngUdi tdt nghiep trung
cap nghl, cao ding nghe cd the tiep tuc hpe eao
ding, dai hpe trong he thdng cac ed sd gilo due daj
hpc do Lult Gilo due dai hpe dieu ehinh, tranh de
xly ra tinh trang "phln biet ddi XL("giCfa 2 he thong
dIo tao, trong khi d 2 loai hinh gilo due dai hpc va
giao due nghe nghiip deu dugc quy djnh tis Lult
Gilo duc;
Ndm Id, can nghien cUu kT hpn khi thay ddi ndi
dung ve muc tieu cua giao due dai hpe trong Luat
Giao dye v l Lult Giao due dai hpe, bdi le ve nguyin
tic, lult bd phan chi nIn cu the, chi tilt hdn luat
chung, ehuf khdng lam thay doi hole khae ve cd
ban ndi dung d l quy dinh trong lult ehung.TUOng
tu nhUvay, neu nhCfng npi dung nao khdng cu the hdn v l bin chat ma chi ddn thuan la sCra doi d u chUthi khdng nhatthilt phai quy ^nh them thInh mdt dieu kholn trong Lult Gilo due dai hpc, chi nen quy djnh nhu tai Dieu 7 - Du thIo 4 Lult Gilo due dai hpe (ngay 09/04/2011)
Ndm Id, tham khIo nhieu hon nCfa y kiln ddng
gdp cua cle chuyen gia gilo due, elc nha nghiin
eUu, cac nha quIn If gilo due cd trinh dp chuyin
mdn cao va kinh nghiem thUc tien ve ele ndi dung
cu the trong Luat Gilo due dai hpc nhU: van d l xly
de dal hpe hai d p , van de t i n gpi trong van bIng eua ngudi tot nghiip dai hpc
Tdm lai, vile ban hanh Lult Gilo due dai hpe trong giai doan hien nay II hit sUe can thilt bdi gilo due dai hpc nude ta dang rat d n mdt hanh lang phlplidu manh de vUa bio dim khdng cheeh hudng lai vUa khuyen khfch mpi nguon luc x l hdi tham gia hoat ddng gilo due dai hpe Tuy thi, cung khdng the nIn vl sUe ep thdi gian, tien dp m l vol vang ban hanh mot luat it tinh kha thi, chua thuc
su dap dng dUpc ddi hdi thUe tien Bdi mdt vIn bin quy pham phap luat duy nhat khdng phli II ylu td quylt djnh eho sU thanh edng eua mot chCi truong, dudng Idi, nlu vlec thUe hien phlp luat khdng dupe trien khai nghilm tuc va khdng dupe gill quyet dong bd vdi nhCfng edng eu dilu ehinh
x l hdi khIc
lAlLliU THAM KHAO
1 Hien phdp NUdc CHXH CN Viet Nam cde ndm
1946, 1959,1980,1992
2 Luat Bon hdnh vdn bdn quy pham phdp ludt ndm 2008, Ludt Ban hdnh vdn bdn quy phgm phdp ludt cua HDND, UBND ndm 2004
3 Ludt Gido due 1998,2005,2009
4 Bd Gilo due va Dao tao, Oedndd(md(g/do due
dgi hgc Viet Nam giai dogn 2006-2020, Ha Hgi, 2005
5 Bd Gilo due v l Dao tao, Kiyiu Hdi thda Quoc gia ve khoa hgc gido due Viet Nam, H^i Phong, 2Q^^
6 Phan Van Kha, Gido trlnh Qudn IInhd nUdc ve gido due, NXB Dai hoe Qude gia HI Npl, 2007
SUMMARY
The author presents the overview of the current legal documents on highereducation for building and completing the legal regulations in higher education management, especially the study and comments on the draft Higher education taw