XAYDUNGVASilDPNGBAIPTOJill SINH npCVJIO DAY HOG SINH HOG OTRUCWG TRUNG HOC P H 6 THONG O PGS TS l e DlNH TRUNG" | d i tdp todn Sinh hge (BTTSH} edn duge gg! u d bdi tdp Sinh hgc dgng todn, dd Id dgng[.]
Trang 1XAYDUNGVASilDPNGBAIPTOJill SINH npCVJIO DAY HOG SINH HOG OTRUCWG TRUNG HOC P H 6 THONG
O PGS TS l e D l N H TRUNG"
| d i tdp todn Sinh hge (BTTSH} edn duge gg!
u d bdi tdp Sinh hgc dgng todn, d d Id dgng
Wbd\ todn gdm 2 phdn: gid thilt vd k i t ludn
D6\ vdi nhung BTTSH dugc dOng Idm phuong H§n
dgy hgc (DH) kien thuc mdi thi gid thiet vd k i t ludn
d i u Id nhiJng vdn d l HS chua biet hode b i l t duge
mdt phdn rd't nhd NhOng BTTSH su dyng d l dn
tdp, cung ed, ndng coo k i l n thuc vd k i l m fro ddnh
gid thi gid thiet cuo BTTSH d d dugc b i l t d ede bdl
hoc fr&i Idp, luy th udc vdo myc dich DH md BTTSH
eo muc dd khd khde nhau D d Kr Idu, BTTSH dugc
su dyng | ^ d b l l n vdo ede khdu dn tdp, eung c d
hodn thi§n k i l n thuc, ndng cao k i l n thi>e vd k i l m
tra ddnh gid Viec su dyng BTTSH vdo DH k i l n
thuc mdi ehua dugc nghldn euu mdt cdch cd h§
thdng, hiSu qud chua coo Bdi v i l t ndy d l edp tdi
tl§u chuan, quy frinh xdy dyng vd su dyng BTTSH
vdo DH nhdm ndng eao gid trj eua nd vdo DH dgc
biSt Id frong khdu DH klen thi>e mdi
1 Tieu ehud'n x d y d y n g BTTSH v d o khdu
DH kiSfn ihuc m d i Q u a qud frinh nghlSn euu,
chOng tdi nhdn thdy de cd duge cdc BTTSH dua
vdo DH k i l n ^ u e mdi hieu qud thi edc bdi tdp d d
cdn dgt edc tieu ehud'n sou ddy: - Thye hien dugc
cde mye Heu co bdn eOo bdi hge; - Lugng hod
dugc cdc ndl dung co bdn eua bdl hgc; - Phdi ed
du ngudn tu \iiu de HS fra ci>u fim h i l u gid thiet;
- Hgp tnnh d d , tdm sinh If vd thdi lugng l§n Idp
cua moi t i l t hgc; - Kfeh thieh dugc finh tfch eye hr
gide cOo sd ddng HS frong Idp hgc; - Dam bdo
sou khi gidi bdl todn se hinh thdnh dugc mdt lugng
fri thi/e mdi
2 Q u y frinh x d y d y n g BTTSH DH kidn thuc
mdi
8udc 1: Tu myc fiSu bdi hgc, xdc djnh cde
kiln thue ldi di xdy d y n g cde BTTSH Trong bdi
hge ed t h i cd nhieu ngi dung ta ehgn mdt ndi
dung eo bdn Idm d i l m tya d l h> d d khi bdi todn
dugc xdy d y n g cd the thyc hien duge n h l l u ngi
dung cOa bdi hgc V i dy khi DH Quy ludt phdn ll
dge lap cua Men den, cdt try Id sy phdn li k i l u
gen, k i l u hinh cuo tai mdt edp tinh frgng theo quy ludt 1:2:1 v l kieu gen vd (3:1} ve k i l u hinh Tr§n CO sd dd se hinh dung duge ddi vdi 2 edp finh frgng cdc nhdn td di truyen phdn li rieng re, doc Idp vdi nhau thi to se cd fi le kieu gen Id: (1:2:1 )= = 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1; k i l u hinh Id (3:1 P =
9 : 3 : 3 : 1 Tren co sd d d HS cd i h l h j khdi qudt khi
tai nhieu edp tfnh trgng \'\ le k i l u gen (1:2:1 )"vd fi
le kieu hinh (3:1)" Tgo d i l u kiSn thugn Igl eho vi§c thyc hi§n bdi hgc theo hudng quy ngp hoy dien djch K i t hgp dugc hge li thuylt vdi thyc hdnh ngay frong g i d hgc fren Idp
Budc 2: Xay d y n g BTTSH bdng cdch tim cdc
k i l n thu'c cy the cd trong bdi hge de xdy d y n g
g i d t h i l t , t u d d de xud't ede kdt ludn cho mdi BTTSH
Cdc yeu tdcuo gid t h i l t ehO y l u Id nhiJng k i l n thuc cd trong bdi hgc d d Id ede thdnh phdn tgo nen k i l n thue, eung cd t h i cd ede y l u t d Id ede
k i l n thuc d ede bdl hgc trude, hode dn tdng frong ede gid t h i l t d d neu Cdn luu y ede y l u td d gia
t h i l t cua mdi bdl todn ddi vdi DH k i l n thuc mdi eung deu Id cde vd'n de HS ehuo b i l t edn phdi fim hieu qua tdi lieu sdch gido khoa (SGK) V i
d y , khi xdy d y n g BTTSH de xde djnh edu fruc hod hgc cOo A D N cdc y l u t d xdy d y n g gid t h i l t d d Id cdc logi nueledtit, liSn k i t hod frj, lien k i t hydro, chleu coo eOa mgt chu ki xodn, khdi lugng frung binh eua mdt logi nucleofit, nguyen tdc b d sung,
c h i l u ddi cua A D N , C d the coi ddy Id cdc b d phdn tgo n§n mgt A D N duge thdo rdi vd ede dc vft Id edc lien k i t hod hgc, nguy§n tdc Idp rdp tgo nen phdn h/ A N D hodn ehinh Id nguydn tde b d sung Tu gid t h i l t d d G V xdy d y n g cdc k i t lugn cua BTTSH Cdc k i t lugn cua BTTSH chfnh Id cdc edu hdi d e d j n h hudng nghiSn ei>u SGK hieu duge bdn ehdt pde yeu t d ed mdt frong gid t h i l t , bdng
tu duy he thd'ng gdn ndi cdc gid t h i l t fim ro k i l n thireedn hTnh hdi
*Tn(0HgD9ih9CSirpli9nHaN(i
Trang 2dyng dya tr3n cdc tigu chudn niu ro Sou khi
edc BTTSH dugc xdy dyng, dd'i chilu Igl vdi cdc
HSu chudn d l ro, d l ehtnh 5i>a, th§m, bdt ede
ngi dung tgo ndn ngdn hdng BTTSH eho h/ng
bdl hgc
3 Quy frinh si) dyng BTTSH d ^ DH kilTn
thi>c mdi
Budc / ; Dua cdc BTTSH duge xdy dyng vdo
philu hge tdp khm cdc chu ddn ey i h l vi$e dgc
SGK (nlu ihdy edn thilt), cdc phldu hgc tdp ndy
dugc ddnh sd' lhi> h; theo liln frinh ndi dung
ki^n ihuc cua bdl hgc N l u cd h$ thd'ng mdy
frinh ehllu thi c6 i h l frinh chilu t§n mdn hinh d l
cd Idp thyc hl$n
Budc 2: Giao Idn lugt cdc phiS'u hgc tdp eho
HS theo frinh h/ bdi hgc Td chi/c HS ldm vlSe cd
nhdn, d l fim hilu cdc y l u id dua ra frong gid
thilt eOa mdi BTTSH h) SGK, tdi li$u G V cung
cd'p (n^u edn} Ddy Id khdu biln edi ehuo biet
thdnh cdi da bilt, vi^c fim hilu ede kiln thuc h/
SGK lOc ndy Id cSh thill, khdng t h i tbllu dugc
Tuy nhiSn, v l ^ nghign a>u SGK Id ed djnh hudng
h) cdc vd'n d l dijt ra trong gid thli't Tdp dugt
cho HS cdch dgc SGK d l hilu dugc cdc yeu td
n§u ra h> gid ihlll, theo thdi gion nghien cuu,
cdc gid thiet ngdy cdng dugc HS Idm sdng td
Den mdt thdi dilm ndo dd du d l thyc hi$n ede
cdu hdi cdn frd ldi h> ket lugn cuo BTTSH 6
budc ndy tuy ihudc vdo frinh dg nhdn thuc cuo
HS md cd sy phdn hod qua viee ty hgc h> SGK
HS s§ h/ gidi quyit cde kdt ludn hinh thdnh cde
fri ihuc ban ddu cho bdn thdn vdi ndng lye ihyc
sy cOa minh, qua dd d l xudt cdc thdc mdc chua
gldl quydt duge
Budc 3: Td chuc thdo lugn nhdm Muc do to
chue nhdm nhd ho^c nhdm Idn tuj' thude vdo dd
khd eua BTTSH d ddy, nen td chue thdo lugn
nhdm hdn hgp d l HS khd gidi ed t h i giup dd
dugc HS cd frinh d$ ihdp hon Nhi^m vy thdo
ludn nhdm Id thdng nhdt ddp dn frd Id! vd cijng
gidi quyll cde thde mdc cOa cdc thdnh vien frong
nhdm O budc ndy klen ihue thu dugc d dd chinh
xdc coo hon
Budc 4: Td chO'c thdo lugn Idp de thd'ng nhdt
ede ddp dn frd ldi, gidi quylt tiep cde ihdc mdc d
mdi nhdm dudi sy gidm sdl cOa G V bdng khdng
djnh cdc kit ludn, cung edp ihem edc tir lieu d l
gldl quylt cde thdc mdc cdn Igi Ket thuc budc
ndy kidn thue mdi trong bdl hgc duge hinh ihdnh
hgc nSu ra
4 Vf dy DH Bdi 18 - M y c II Qud frinh nguyen phdn - Sinh hgc 1 0 (SH 10) N$l dung co bdn d ddy HS phdi ndm dugc dde dilm d mdi ki cOa phdn bdo nguySn phdn
md dilm mdu ehdt Id diln blln v l so lugng nhiem sdc t h i (NST) d moi ki d l ndm dugc khdi niem eo bdn eua nguySn phdn 2n—^^^4n—'*"''"'->2n
G V giao cho HS philu hgc tdp frong dd ed ldi hudng dan vd ngi dung BTTSH nhu sou: Hdy dgc mye II Qud trinh nguySn phdn (Bdl 18
-SH 10) xdc djnh dde d i l m cOa moi ki rdi thyc
hi$n BTTSH sou: Gid su mgt te bdo sinh dudng (2n) cd bg NST dugc ki hi^u AaBb (moi chu cdi duge ki hiSu Id m$l NST don) Viet ki hi$u bd NST d cdc ki: ki trung glan; ki frudc; kl giua; Id sou vd kl cud'l
HS h/ nghiSn ci/u n$i dung phdn nguyen phan frong SGK vd hilu d$c dilm eo bdn eOa mdi kl ve m^t hinh thdi vd sd lugng NST; Vilt bd NST d o k
ki frong bdi todn cy t h i dd eho Sou khi hodn thdnh
2 nhiSm vy dd, HS tllp tye thdo ludn nhdm vd thdo lugn k ^ d l thd'ng nhd't phuong dn frd ldi
G V khdng djnh tinh dung ddn cdc kit qud nSu
ro Kel qud Id h> vife nghiSn euu SGK, HS da vilt
vd li gidi duge sy tdn tgi bg NST d cdc kl eua qud frinh nguySn phdn: - Ki frung glan, ki frudc
kf hieu bd NST: A A + oa + BB + bb; - Kl gii/a: gidng ki trudc, NST rOl ngdn eye dgi tgp frung thdnh hdng NST kep trSn mdt phdng xfch dgo
cuo thoi \a vd sdc; - Kl sou: cde eronmotit frong
h/ng NST kSp phdn chia ehuyln v l hoi eye cua l l bdo, luc ndy mdng nhdn ehua hinh ihdnh frong
le bdo, sd lugng NST vdn gidng ki giua nhung d frgng thai don; - Ki cudi: cdc NST don phdn chia hdn v l ede eye eua te bdo mdng nhdn xudt hien, tgo 2 t l bdo con deu c6 bg NST AaBb Nhu vdy, cd t h i ndi BTTSH frong dgy kiln thuc mdi dd cd tdc dyng kep, vOo giOp HS hieu dugc ndi dung SGK, vCro tgp dugt cdc hieu bilt dd d l tgo ra muc dd h/ duy cao, logic hon qua thyc ,hien gldl BTTSH, HS ndm duge kiln thue cdn hgc quo kT ndng dgc, nghien cuu SGK vd qua gidi BTTSH Mdt khde quo DH bdng BTTSH G V ddnh gid duge khd ndng hgc eua HS theo phuong phdp dmh fiiih h>c Id ddnh gid ndng lye nhdn thue eua
HS vd hieu chinh dugc dd kh6 cuo BTTSH, phuong phdp vd biSn phdp td chuc viec hge d fren Idp
(Xem tiep trang 59}
Trang 3sdng tgo cOa SV; ehu frgng cdng tdc thdng tin v l
sdn phdm NCKH cuo SV nhdm tgo d i l u kiSn cho
hg filp cdn, nghiSn cuu ede sdn phdm thyc t l k i t
hgp vdi phuong phdp NCKH d d duge frong bj
d l cd sy djnh hudng, chgn lya mdng d l tdi nghien
cuu eung nhu Ihye hl0n dung quy frinh NCKH;
phdt ddng phong frdo thi duo hgc tdp vd NCKH
frong tdp t h i SV; td chu'c cdc budi sinh hogt khoa
hgc djnh kl d u d i hinh thue cdu Igc b g khoa hge,
cdu Ige bg sdng Igo tri,
7) Xdydi/ng mdi quan hi <cnhd trudng - SV
- CO quan, doanh nghiip" Sdn phdm nghien
cuu cOa ede SV tham gia NCKH se thye sy cd ;/
nghTa khi duge ung dyng frong thyc Hen Igl ede
CO quan, doanh nghiSp ey the Ddy Id md'l quan
hS cd Ifnh chd't hCnj co vd quan frgng dd'i vdi c d
bo phia frong edng tde d d o tgo v d nghiSn ei/u
cung nhu nhu cdu ngudn nhdn lye BSn cgnh d d ,
cac djnh h m ^ g phdt friln hode nhu edu eua cdc
CO quan, doanh nghiSp se Id ngudn d l tdi phong
phii vd e6 finh ihyc Hen eoo ddi vdi SV khi ehgn
d l tdi NCKH ddng ihdi gdn sdn phdm d d o tgo
Clio nhd trudng vdi nhu cdu xa hgi N h d frudng
cdn mdi edc co quan, doonh nghiep cd nhu cdu
ddi vol sdn phdm d d o tgo eOa nhd trudng tham
gia cdc hgi ddng luyen chgn, ddnh g i d cde d e
tdi NCKH cOa SV nhdm tgo dieu kien d l cdc co
quan, doonh nghiSp ed co hdi tuyin ehgn ede
SV ed ndng lye NCKH d d n g thdi tgo dgng lye
cho hogt d§ng NCKH cua SV nhd frudng; tien
hdnh ki hgp ddng nghien euu dd'i vdi cdc co quan,
doonh nghiSp ed nhu cdu de giup SV thye hiSn
cdc d l tdi NCKH ey t h i
NCKH Id mdt frong nhijng bi^n phdp ehO yeu
de ndng cao ehdt lugng ddo tgo Bdng nhieu hinh
thue khdc nhou, NCKH se tgo ra nhiJng budc di
ban ddu de SV lldp cdn vol nhung vd'n de cuo
thye t l cuoc sd'ng, qua d d rSn luySn khd ndng tu
duy sdng tgo, tung budc frau d d i phuong phdp
lugn nghien cuu, b i l t si> dyng hS thd'ng li ihuyel,
phuong phdp nghien cuu thieh hgp d l xem xet
vd gidi quyet vd'n de cd cdn eu khoa hge Cd t h i
khdng djnh, NCKH fiiye sy cdn thiet v d Id hinh
thue hgc tgp dde t n m g cuo SV d D H , vi vdy, ede
frudng DH edn dp d y n g ddng bg ede bien phdp
tdng cudng qudn li nhdm ddy mgnh, ndng coo
hon nOa hieu qud hogt ddng ndy •
Tap ehi Blao due so 2 8 1 t m • a/aoiai
(1) Ph^m Vi^t Vugng Phuong phiip lufln nghiSn cuu
khoa h^c NXB Dgih^;)c qudc gia H.1997
(2) Luu Xuan Mdi U lu^n day h^c dsii h^c NXB
Gido diic H.2000
Tdi ii$u tham khSo
1 Bo GD-DT Quy chtf vS nghiSn c(hi khoa hoc cua
sinh vien frong c4c frufmg d^i hyc vi cao ding 2000
2 Dang COng san ViOt Nam Van kifn Dai hOi d^i
bilu todn qutfc \&n thil- 9 NXB Chinh tri qudc gia,
H.2001
SUMMARY
This article deals with a number of management methods to promote scientific research with specific requirements for students, aiming to raise training qual-ity In universities and meet the society's demand In the new period
Xay d p g va sir dung
(Tiip theo trang 5d)
Cd the n d l , nS'u trong qud trinh DH G V xdy
d y n g dugc cdc BTTSH ffieo quy trinh ehdt che
vd vdn d y n g vdo DH theo quy frinh h g p If trong ede khdu ciJo q u d trinh DH dde bi?t DH kie'n thuc mdi se tgo nSn hieu qud kep theo hudng vOo hge viJa hdnh ngay trong khdu thu nhgn klen thuc mdi ti> viSc hgc tren Idp Cd the coi
BTTSH vua Id phuong HSn c h u y i n tdi ndi dung
b d i hge, v u o Id bien p h d p , phuong phdp DH theo hudng ty hgc, t y nghlSn euu N g u d i hge Idm chu viec filp nhgn tri thuc t u l d i liSu SGK quoBTTSH^a
Tdi li^u tham khdo
1 Le Dinh Trung Cdc dang bdi tdp chpn l^c v^ di
truyen vd bign d( NXB Gido d^ic H.1990
2 Le Dinh Trung Tr^ng tdm ki^n thih: vd bdi tdp
Sinh hpc 10 NXB Gido difc, H 2009
3 NguySn Thknh Djit (tdng chQ bifin) - Ph^m Van Ldp (chu bien) - TrSn Dy Chi - Trjnh Nguyfin Giao - Phgm
van Ty Sinh hpc 10 NXB Gido diic, H 2008
SUMMARY
There are many Teaching methods which confute ute to the enhancement of Learners'learning quality This paper Introduces a method using biological mathematic exercises In teaching Biology The con-tent covers the criteria, constructing techniques and measures using biological mathematic exercises in the stage of forming new knowledge which dual effect in the tedching (of Biology) In high schools