BDI MOI CAN BAN VA TOAN OIlN GIAO DOC BAO TAO VIlT NAM Bf HOAT MOT SO BIlN PNAP TO NNAN 0JiN THDC TITN GIAO DOC O TS l i THI TUYiT HANH '''' 1 Thyc frqng gIdo dye ddo Iqo d nude la Theo ddnh gid cua UNES[.]
Trang 1BDI MOI CAN BAN VA TOAN OIlN GIAO DOC BAO TAO VIlT NAM
-Bf HOAT MOT SO BIlN PNAP TO NNAN 0JiN THDC TITN GIAO DOC
O TS l i THI TUYiT H A N H '
1 Thyc frqng g I d o dye - d d o I q o d nude l a
Theo ddnh gid cua UNESCO: «Gido dye (GD)
V i l t N a m d d d p i dugc nhijng thdnh cdng frong
v i f c huy ddng ti 1^ cao frS em d i n trudng vd gidm
t? 1$ b d hgc: 67% cdc tfnh thdnh dd dqt dugc phd
edp G D dung d d tudi; 74% phd cqp G D THCS; ti
1^ ddn sd b i l l dpc, b i l l v i l t d dp hjoi dudi 1 5 Id
94% Tuy nhlSn, chinh d i l u ndy d d Idm tdng d p
lye nhu cdu cOo xd hgl dd'i vdi h i thdng G D frong
v i ^ cung edp dieh vy G D vdi ehdt lucmg ngdy
cdng cao eOng nhu eho t h ^ sy chenh l ^ h khd r d
giua cdc vOng, m l l n " (1}
DO dd dgt dugc nhQng thdnh h/u nhd't djnh
nhung ehdt lupng GD-DT nude to vdn d muc d d
thd'p, chua d d p Ong duge sy ki vpng cua nhdn
ddn, nhu cdu xd hdi vd rd't khd d l cd the hdi
nhdp qudc t l Cy t h i : 1) Chd't lugng ddo tgo cdn
thd'p: Sinh v i l n tdt n g h i l p chua d d p ung dupe
nhu cdu cOa nhd hjyen d y n g (khodng 74% phdi
d d o tgo Iqi) M p l sd lugng Idn hpc sinh (HS) td't
n g h i l p phd thdng, khdng vdo dugc dpi hpe, hdu
nhu ehuo dupe djnh hu6ng ngdnh nghe vd thil'u
nhOng kr ndng de c6 i h l Idm mot nghe n g h i l p ey
t h I frong eupe sdng; 2) Chuong trinh hoc qud
« n d n g ' khdng phu hgp vdi trinh do nhdn thuc
cua HS; PPDH edn lac h p u , t h i l n v l thuyet frinh
mdy mdc Idm hpn e h i t u duy vd tinh sdng tgo
eOa HS ; 3} Vdn hda hgc dudng vd dgo due
cOa mdt bd phdn HS ed nhOng bleu hiin lech Igc,
suy thodi; 4} Nhung bdl hgc dgo due d trudng
thieu sue thuyit pht/c HS, mdt sd HS khdng eoi
nhdn cdch Id mpt tilu chi quan frgng trong bdng
g i d fri cdn phdn dd'u; 5) Ngudi hgc cd xu hudng
den trudng ehO yi'u de nhdm mi^e dich thi cu,
thiyc dyng (thi do vdo trudng td't d bdc coo hon,
ra frudng cd v i l e Idm td't, ihu nhdp cao, ed khd
ndng du hpe nude ngodi ) hon Id d l ndng eoo
nhdn ihue, fri hie, r6n luyen nhdn cdch V d mdt
h i qud td't y l u , nhung g i a dinh ed d i l u k i l n (hode
nhung HS thye sy xud't sdc) deu lya chpn con
dudng du hpe, sou d o , da sd se d Ipi sinh sdng
vd Idm v i l e d nude ngodi gdy tdn thdt eijng nhu
Idng phi h l n cOa, chd't xdm cOa nhdn ddn ; 6)
GV ludn chju nhliu sue ep vd di bi ton thuong bdl nhung ddnh gid tieu ci/c cua xa hdi ( v l
nhung h i | n lugng t i l u eye phd b l l n cuo ngdnh:
d g y t n i m , hgc tnem, chgy t r u d n g , chgy Idp, muo d i e m , muo b a n g vd mdt b d phdn G V khdng xu'ng d d n g «ld tdm guong cho HS noi
theo" ; 7} Ddi sd'ng vd thu nhdp cua da sd'
GV edn d muc thd'p, nhd nude chua tqo dugc
CO e h i ' thieh hgp vd d i l u k i l n co sd vdt ehdt pho h g p de G V phdt huy sdng tgo, d p d y n g
d d i m d i PPDH, ndng eoo chd't lugng d d o tpo
D i l u ndy dd dugc tdng ket trong V d n kien D q i hdi XI (2011) cuo D d n g : «Chd't lugng GD-DT chua d d p u n g yeu cdu phdt t r i l n , nhd't Id d d o tqo ngudn nhdn lye trinh d p coo van cdn hpn
e h i ; ehuo chuyen mqnh sang d d o tqo theo nhu edu Clio x d h d i Chua g i d i quyet lot mdi quan
he giiJa tdng sd l u g n g , quy md vol ndng cao
chd't l u g n g , g\ua d g y ehu vd d q y ngudi Chuong
frinh, ndi dung, phtKmg phdp dgy vd hpc Iqc hdu, ddi mdi chdm; eo edu GD khong hgp li g i i j a cdc linh vyc, ngdnh n g h l d d o tpo; chd't lupng
G D todn d i l n gidm sut, ehuo d d p ung dupe yeu edu eOo sy nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dpi hda Q u d n li nhd nude ve GD edn bd't cap Xu hudng thuong mqi hda vd so sut d q o due frong
G D khdc phyc cdn chdm, hieu qud ihdp dang frd ihdnh ndi buc xue eOo xd h d i " (2)
2 M d t so' bien p h d p g d p p h d n dd*i m d i c d n
b d n v d t o d n d i l n G D V i e l N a m
1) Bien phdp cot ldi, co bdn nhd't Id tap frung
chdm sdc vd phdt trien HS m d i edeh d d y dO ngoy l u sdm, ndng cao chd't lugng hpc t d p ; chuyen djeh trpng tdm t u G D chinh quy trong nhd t r u d n g sang xdy d y n g mot x d hdi hpc t o p ;
* HQC vi^i QHdi it eido due
Trang 2dpy nghe; vd ehuyen djch tu' viec nhd nude ddng
vol tro nhd cung cd'p GD sang viec coi cdc t d
chuc t u nhdn vd cdc t d chue phi ehinh phu n h u
nhung ddi tde quan trpng Td't cd nhiJng b u d c ,
chuyen dich ndy cd tdc dong rd't Idn tdi c d ' u *
true to chue, vdn hda qudn li vd Idnh d q o , ede
quy trinh vd thye t i l n hopt d p n g cua Bd GD-DT
vd ede dem vj trye thuge
2} Doi mdi he thong qudn ligido dye N h u
mpi nen vdn hoo A Ddng chju dnh hucng nho
gido, van hda qudn li Idnh dpo eua to eung mong
ndng phong each co che qudn If tdp trung, chi
dpo tu tren xudng duol theo thu ty cd'p bde vd
cdc edp qudn li thd'p hon thyc thi nhdm dot dugc
cdc mye tieu v l sd lupng Tuy n h i l n , «ca e h i ndy
Ipi kem thieh hpp trong k i l u tiep cdn edng tdc
Idnh dgo vd qudn li nhdm ndng cao chd't lugng,
thdnh tich hgc tdp Dqe biet, frong trudng hgp
mudn tqo ra sy thoy doi kT nang vd thdi do eOa
fre em vd cdc hpc vien ngudi Idn v l ngdn ngCr,
khoa hqc xd hpl, nghe thupt vd ede mdn ngodi
khoa hpe co ban, cdc mdn hoc cd nen tdng Id
todn hpe, tdng cudng chd't lugng hpc tdp, thuc
ddy 6e td m d , sdng tqo, Kr duy phe phdn, dpng
lye hpc tdp, phdt frien dqo due, sy h/ hn, edc kT
ndng xd hdi, sy hn cqy Idn nhau gltja cdc HS, vd
kich thich Idng say m l hpe tap" (3)
GD Id mot he thong phuc tgp; bdi vdy, nhi/ng
ngudi Idnh dpo, quan li GD edn ed h/ duy h i
thdng vd mot tdm nhin chie'n luge bao qudt Bdo
edo phdn tieh cue UNESCO cung chi ro: «Co che
qudn li h> t r i n xudng da khdng edn thieh hgp
frong bdi ednh ede no lye nhdm tdi da hda cdc
CO hdi cua dja phuong, vi dy nhu tqo mqng ludi
cdc nhd cung cd'p dich vy GD Kr nhdn vd td chue
phi chinh phO, huy dpng sy ho trg cOo cdng ddng
dja phuong cho G D , dde biet khi nhijng ho frg
ngdy cdng nhieu nhd sy tdng trudng kinh te vd sy
gidi phdng trong vd'n de qudn li vd ro quyet djnh;
frong v i l e thue ddy hpc tdp sudt d d i , ho frg cho
ede trudng hpc CO n h i l u quyen tychO hon " Sy
ddi mdi co che qudn li Idnh dqo se Id ddng lye
ehinh eho hdng loot qud trinh ddi moi tie'p theo:
phi tdp trung hda quyen lye qudn li, trach nhiem
vd q u y i n tu ehju frdeh n h i l m , phdn bo cdc ngudn
lye dudi cd'p quoc gia
3) Doi mdi viec hgc vd thi Tu trudc den
nay, viec hoc cOa chung ta ludn gdn vdi «thi c u "
Thdm ehi, frong quan niem cua nhieu ngudi, mye
fren thyc t l , myc dich eua v i l e hpc khdng phdi d l thi ma de ndng cao nhdn thuc, hieu biet cijng nhu ehdt lupng cuoc sd'ng cua mdi ngudi Ne'u quan niem myc dieh cua hpc Id de dl thi, hpc Id phy, thi Id ehinh thi cdch «hpc" se
t h i l n v l ldi h> chuong, mdy mdc, nhol nhet, khdng phdt huy dugc tinh doc lap, tu duy sdng tqo Bdi vdy, mudn ddi mdi, trudc hen phdi thay ddi viec hgc vd thi ve cd quan niem, npi dung
vd hinh thue Theo k h u y l n edo cua UNESCO, mye dich eOa v i l e hpc chfnh Id giup mpi ngudi hgc de biet, de Idm, de khdng dinh minh vd de biet chung sdng cung nhau; do vdy, npi dung, chuong frinh hpc n I n thiet k l sao cho tdng eudng phdt t r i l n t u duy vd tfnh sdng tqo, ehu trpng khdu thyc hdnh ren luyen kT ndng vd cdc tdchdt cua trf tue chu khdng nen qud nqng v l li thuyet sdo mdn, mdy mdc
Trong de dn ddi mdi v l GD phd thdng, cdc nhd n g h i l n cuu xdc djnh myc h l u cua GD phd thdng Id khuyen khich cdc ndng lye cua tre phdt frien theo xu the hdi nhdp vdo eupe sdng thye tpi
Cy the, cd the xdc dinh 3 myc tieu md fre em cdn:
1} Phdi hieu hodn ednh sd'ng; 2} Cdi dang hgc: edeh song; 3} Hieu trdch nhiem tam ngudi
V d nhu vdy, ngudi hpc cdn mot ddu 6c dugc luyen tap hon Id mdt kho tu lieu D i l u do quyet djnh ndi dung cdc mdn hpc md cdc trirdng hpc hen h l n tren the gidi hien nay dang lya chpn,
gom 4 nhdm sou: 1} Luy$n tu duy: Dung ddu Id hai mon N g u vdn vd Todn; 2} Hliu hodn canh sd'ng (vu fry, vdt chd't, sy sdng ): Cdng nghe
-M d i frudng; 3} Hieu cdch sd'ng: Uch su, xd hdi,
n g h l thupt, van hda ; 4) Hieu trdch nhiem Idm ngudi: Vd'n de cot ldi cua GD cdng ddn (4)
Viec xay d y n g chirong trinh, SGK theo hudng frin chung ta hodn todn ed the Idm dupe, tuy
n h i l n , trong qud frinh gidng dpy se gdp nhung khd khdn nhd't dinh Vf dy, ddi vdi mdn hpc mang tinh l u y i n tu duy nhu mdn V d n
HS p h d thdng hien nay rd'l khong ehu frgng viee hgc vdn vd cdc mdn khoa hgc xd hot khdc
( b l l u h i l n quo diem thi tdt nghiep vd dqi hpc cdc mdn V d n , Su ) M o t phdn bdi cdch dpy vdn frong nhd trudng hien nay van chu y l u nhdm myc dfeh ddp ung v i l e thi eu n I n v i l e hpe thudng mang tfnh chd't mdy mdc, khudn sdo, G V day
HS theo k i l u hirong vdo «bdi h i " , « d l tO", «edch Idm to" de too h i l u qud ehdc chdn Cdch dpy
Trang 3(ndng ve t r u y i n b d kien thuc, khdng khoi ggi
duge tri tudng tugng phong phu hoy bdi d u d n g
tinh cam thdm mT cho ngudi h p c ) mdt khdc,
cdc frudng dpi hgc thudc nhdm ngdnh «hot" hien
nay nhu: tdi chinh - ngdn hdng - kinh te - edng
nghe rd't it chpn mdn Vdn Id mdn ihi ddu vdo
hay mdn hgc co b d n Hpc trd hgc vdn chf 6e thi
tdt nghiep, sou d d ed t h i thi vdo khoa van su
phgm, khoa hgc xd hdi nhdn v d n , b d o ehi, vdn
hda Id nhdm cdc frudng ro frudng khd xin
dugc v i l e Idm, thu nhdp khdng cao, ft dugc xd
hdi eoi trpng
N g o d i viec ddi mdi edeh hpc eung cdn ddi
mdi cdch ihi vd ndi dung k i l m tro, thi eu' M y c
dich eOa ihi Id d l k i l m tra khd ndng vdn d y n g
nhung fri thue da dirge hpc vdo gidi quyet nbCrng
vdn de (tinh hudng) cuo thyc hen cd d p i hieu
qud eoo hay khdng, qua d d , nhd qudn li ed t h i
phdn logi thi sinh d l dinh hudng ede em lya
chpn cho minh mot ngdnh n g h l phu h g p vdi
ndng lye vd sd thich cd nhdn chu* khdng nen bien
v i l e thi (nhd't Id thi chuyen cd'p) Id mdt eupe dp
sue, cpnh fronh khd'e l i l t giCra ede tht sinh, trdnh
linh trong HS cOng dua chen thi vdo d q i hgc
gdy Idng p h i , tdn kem t i l n cOo eOa nhd nude vd
nhdn ddn
4) DSi mdi CO cau ddo tgo theo nhu cau
xa hgl: Co cd'u d d o tgo d ede frudng cao d d n g ,
dpi hgc hi?n nay rd't thien lech, mdt edn dd'i
nghiem trgng, ddn d i n Hnh trpng «thi>a thdy, t h i l u
thg" Trong d d o Iqo dgi hpc, nhOng ndm gdn
ddy cd qud n h i l u trudng d d o Iqo v l kinh te, tdi
chfnh, k e t o d n , ngdn hdng , nhung rd't it frudng
d d o tpo v l edng nghe, kTthudt, khoa hoc ; nhieu
dpi hgc, cao d d n g kem chd't lugng nhung rdt it
frung cd'p kT thupt vd d g y n g h l Bdl vdy, cdn co
cd'u Ipi chuong frinh ddo tpo phyc vy nhu cdu
phdt friln Idnh mpnh vd b i n virng cOa nen kinh te
- xd hdi
C o edu d d o frio d bdc p h d thdng cung nen cd
sy dieu ehinh eho phu hpp, khdng nen de tinh
frqng HS tdt n g h i l p THPT ra frudng, n l u khdng
do dpi hgc Ipi roi vdo tinh frgng thd't nghieia
C h u n g to cd i h l ' t h a m k h d o edeh Idm eOa
Singapore, Canada v d nhieu nude khdc: phdn
ludng HS ngay h> sou THCS: phdn Idn se vdo TH
nghe, TH kTthudt, ehi mdt ti le nhd vdo THPT Bdn
thdn THPT eung khdng phdn ban mdt edeh cung
nhde md cd n h i l u lya chpn cho HS p h d i trien
ddu vdo dqi hpc Sou 12 ndm hpe, nhung HS ndo ed dO ndng lye thi se theo hpe l l n dpi hpc, cao ddng, neu khdng, cdc em dd cd n g h l on dinh de nudi sdng bdn thdn
5) Chinh sdch dd'i vdi nhd gido: Trong
nhCfrig ndm qua, mde du Ddng, nhd nude, Bd GD-DT rdt quan tdm den co che, chfnh sdch, t i l n luong, thu nhdp eho ddi ngu cdn b d , nhd gido, tuy nhien, frIn thyc t l , do d i l u kien ngdn sdch cdn hpn hep nen ddi sd'ng cOa da so G V nude to nhin ehung cdn d muc thd'p Ddy eung Id li do khien nhieu vdn d l h l u eye phdt sinh nhu dgy them, hgc t h i m , G V tim edeh tryc Igi tu gia dinh HS ; mat khdc, d i l u ndy khien eho G V khd ed the todn tdm todn y ehu tdt vdi nghe
Ddi mdi phdi bdt ddu tu sy nhdn d i l n chdn ihyc vd dung cdm ve nhCrng yeu kem vd fri fre cOa GD V N hien nay, nhung quan trpng hon Id nhin thdng vdo nhung nguyen nhdn ddng sou nhi/ng bleu h i l n tieu eye d d Ddi mdi co bdn vd todn d i l n GD V N Id mot eupe cdi cdch sdu rdng
vd mpnh me v l h i thd'ng, h> khdu hpc - thi, ca cdu ddo tgo cho den xdy dyng chudn mye theo chudn GD qudc te De Idm duge d i l u d d , cdn
t h i hien dugc sy quyet tdm, q u y l t l i l t cOa Ddng, nhd nude eung nhu Bd G D , nhifrig ngudi Idm cdng tdc GD vd todn t h i nhdn ddn •
(1) van phdng UNESCO Ha NOi Bao cao phan tich
vi cac thue tifin hoat dOng quan li giao due va di xu Jt
eho Hpc vi$n Quin li giao due, H 2010
(2) (3 ) Dang cOng san Vi$t Nam Van ki^n D^i hOi dai
bllu toan quffc iSn thii 11 NXB Chinh tri qu6c gia
-Sif thdt, Yi inn
(4) Hpc vi$n Quan li giao due Kl y^u hOi ih3o khoa
hpc "Ddi mdi cdn bdn vd todn di^n gido due Vi^t Nam - nhin tit gdc dd qudn ii" NXB f)(ii hqc kinh ti quScddn,Vi.20n
SUMMARY
Educational renovation is a substantially urgent issue nowadays.lt should begin with the realization of the backwards, the stagnation in education And the indirect reasons which stands behind that Renovating Vietnamese Education basically and thoroughly is a significant revolution in Its system from studying assessment, educating structures to forming Vietnamese educational standard according to international educational standard however, the initial step Is the policy towards teachers