QUAN U oiAo PMC THUG TRAnO VA MOT SO QIAI PHAP VEPHATTRIENHETHONG DAY NGHE TUTHUCdVIET NAM TS VO XUAN HUNG" Trong nhung ndm qua, dupe si/ quan tdm cOo E)dng, Nhd nu6c; s i ; tich ci/c, chO (d$ng cOa c[.]
Trang 1THUG TRAnO VA MOT SO QIAI PHAP VEPHATTRIENHETHONG DAY NGHE TUTHUCdVIET NAM
TS VO XUAN HUNG"
Trong nhung ndm q u a , dupe si/ quan tdm
cOo E)dng, N h d nu6c; si; tich ci/c, chO (d$ng
cOa cdc cd'p, cdc ngdnh, cdc co sd cli;iy n g h i
(CSDN), cdng tdc clay n g h i (DN) dd dugc phgc
h6i v d cd budc phdt t r i l n vOng c h i c , ti>ng budc
d d p i>ng nhu c^u nhdn li/c phgc vy sv nghiep
cdng nghiep hda, hl^n dipl hdo vd hpl nh^p q u f ^
t l Bdn cqnh viSc phdt trien mqnh h$ thd'ng CSDN
cdng l$p, n h l l u ca cJi&', chinh sdch, phdt trl^n cdc
h$ thd'ng D N ngodI cdng lap {hi thpc) cung dui?c
ban hdnh, gdp ph6n quan trpng thi/c hiSn chO
truong x d h$l hda (XHH) cong tdc D N cua Ddng
vd N h d nude
1 Thvc t r g n g v l p h d t t r l ^ n D N t u thi/c
1} 76ng quan chinh sdch, ph6p lu^t Phdt
tri^n CO sd g i d o di/c t u thgc ndi chung, CSDN hj
thgc ndl rlSng Id si; CM t h ^ hdo chu trucnrig XHH
g i d o dye, d d o tqo (DT) cua D6ng, N h d nude
N g h j quy^t D g l hpi D d n g Idn riii> XI xdc djnh:
«Hodn lhl$n ca che, chinh sdch XHH gido dye,
DTlrSn cd ba phuong dlSn: d^ng v/fin cdc nguSn
li/c trong xd hgl; phdt buy vol trd gidm sdt cOa
cdng dSng; idjuyin Idiich cdc hogt ddng Uiuy^n
h<?c, khuy^n tdi, xdy di/ng xd hdl hoc t^p, tgo
diSu ki$n d$ ngudi dan duoc hoc tdp sud't ddt
vd « D6y mqnh OT nghe theo nhu c6u phdt tri4n
cOa xd hgi; cd ca che vd chinh sdch thiSt l$p
md'l llSn ket chdt che gida cdc doanb nghl$p
vdi casdOr Chlen li/oc phdt tri^n Idnh t i • x d
h0i 2011 - 2 0 2 0 cung xdc djnh: «N/)d nude tdng
ddu tu, dSng thdi day mgnh XHH, buy d^ng
todn x d b^i cbdm lo phdt trien gido dt^d" Cy
t h ^ hda d i o trirong XHH g i d o dye cua Ddng,
cdc vdn bdn lu§t, vdn bdn quy phgm phdp Iu0t,
d u d i lu$t d d d l ra cdc c a c h ^ chinh sdch cy t h i
nhdm huy d d n g moi ngu6n ly^c x d hdl cho cdng
tdc g i d o dye ndl chung, D N tu thyc ndl rISng
Jg\ D l l u 12, Lu^t G i d o d y e (ndm 2005) v l XHH
Tap chi filao due s6 2 9 1 (M i - s/aoia)
nf nghiep gido dye dd xdc djnh: « tbi/c hl^n
da dt?ng bdo cdc loql binb trudng vd cdc blnh th&c gido d^c; kbuy^n khfcb, huy d^ng vd tgo diiu ki$n d4 t6 chuc, cd nbdn tham gia phdt
fr/d'n 5v nghiep gido di/tf V l d^u t u cho gido
dye, D l l u 13 L u O t G l d o d y c d d n d u : « it:/)u>^n
kbfch vd bdo b^ cdc quySn, k^l ich hgp phdp cCa t6 chUc, cd nbdn trong nude, ngudi Vl^t Nam dfnb cu d nude ngodi, td' chuc, cd nbdn nude ngodi dSu tu cho gido dijd' V l nhd trudng
trong h$ th^ng gido dye quoc ddn quy djnh tql
D l l u 4 8 Ludt G i d o (Jyc d d n3u: bdn cgnh cdc
trudng cdng l^p d o nhd nude thdnh Idp, 66u tu, cdn cd 2 h§ th^ng trudng: + Trudng ddn l0p do
c$ng d6ng ddn c u d ca sd thdnh lap, dau tu xdy di/ng ca sd vqt chd't vd bdo ddm kinh p h i
hogt d 0 n g ; + Trudng tu ^ifc d o cdc td* chuc x d
h $ l , td* chiJc xa hpl - nghe nghiep, to' chuc kinh
t l ho^c cd nhdn thdnh lap, d d u t u xdy dt/ng co
sd v^it chd't vd bdo ddm kinh phi hogt d$ng b^ng vd'n ngodi ngdn sdch nhd nude Khodn 3, D l l u
7 Lu^t D N d d xdc djnh: ^Thi/c hi$n XHH hogt d^ng DN, khuyen khicb tS chuc, cd nhdn Vift Nam, t6chuc, cd nhdn nude ngodi, ngudi Vl^t Nam djnh cu d nude ngodi ibdnb l0p ca sd DN
vd tbam gia hogt d^ng DN Khuyen kbich nghS nbdn vd ngudi cd toy nghi ccm tbam gia DN; khuyen khlch, hS trg dgy cdc nghi truyin ^Sng
vd ngdnh nghi 6 ndng tbdn Cdc ca scJ DN blnh dSng trong hogt d^ng DN vd dugc hudng uu ddi vidd't dai, thui, tin dijng theo quy dinh cOa ohdp lu^f Tgi D l l u 3 9 cua Ludt Dhl v l cdc
iogl hinh trung tdm D N , trudng trung cd'p n g h i , trudng cao d d n g n g h i cung chi rd b§n cgnh h^ th^ng cdc trung tdm D N , trudng trung cd'p n g h i , trudng cao d 6 n g n g h i cdng Idp d o N h d nude
* Tdi{ GiK d9y RKU - Bf bo dOit TkMMS M l vi U bfi
#
Trang 2thdnh l^p, ddu tu xfiy di/ng ca sd v^t chfi't vd
bio dam kinh pht cho cdc nhljm v^i chl thudng
xuySn cdn cd trung tdm DN, trudng trung cd'p
nghd, trudng coo ding nghd tu ihyc do cdc t6
chuc hoj^c cd nhdn thdnh l$p, d6u tu xdy d(/ng
CO sd v^t chd't vd bdo ddm kinh phf cho cdc
nhl^m vy chi thudng xuydn Ngodi ro, chfnh sdch
XHH, tqo dl4u kl^n cho cdc CSDN tu thuc phdt
trl^n cdn duqc th^ hl$n trong cdc vdn bdn khdc
nhu Nghi dinh sd' d9/2008/ND-CP ngdy 30/
5/2008 cija Chinh phij vS chinh sdch khuyin
khlch XHH dd'l vdi cdc hogt d$ng trong iTnh vi/c
gido due, DN, y t6', vdn hda, thif thao, mdl
trudng; ciuyit d|nh si 1466/QO-Trg ngdy 10/
10/2008 Clio Thii tudng Chlnh phu quy d|nh
Donh mi^c chl tllft cdc Iogl hinh, tidu chl, quy
md, tl6u chu^n, cua cdc co sd thi/c hl$n XHH
trong tTnh v^c gido dye, DT, DN, y t(f, vdn hdo,
th^ thao mdl trudng Rlflng trong Irnh vi/c DN,
ngoy tO ndm 2005, B^ trudng B^ LDTB&XH dd
cd Quy*t d|nh s«f 1000/2005/QD-BlDTBXH ph6
duy#t W dn «Phdt triSn XHH DN dSn ndm 2010"
vdi m$t sd' myc ti6u nhu « chO trqng thdnh l^p
ca sd DN ngodi cdng t^p; chuyen mdt i6ca
sd DN cdng l0p sang Iogl hinh ngodi cdng l^p"
vd «sd' luqng HS h(?c nghS vdo ndm 2010 Id
1.500,000 ngudi Trong dd, II1$ HS h<fc nghi
ngodi cdng lip Id 60%", Nhuvdy, cd thithdy,
Ddng vd Nhd nude rd't quan tdm 6^n cdng tdc
XHH gido dye ndi chung, DN ndi riSng Chinh
dllu dd dd tgo tlln dl cho uj phdt triln h$ thing
DN tu thyc d Vi^t Nam
2) Khdl qudl Ihifc In/ng phdl Irlin DN lu
rfiyc Thi/c h l ^ chu truong XHH cua Ddng, Nhd
nude, cdng Idc phdt triln DN tu ihyc dd dgt dugc
mdt si kA qud ddng khich 1$
- Vt phdl mSn mqng hdl ca sd DN Hi ihvc:
Theo thing kd cOa Ting cgc dgy nghd, thdi glan
3ua, tf 1$ CSDN tu thuc trSn ting si CSDN tdng
dn qua cdc ndm: Ti>d,d% ndm 2001 I«n29,1%
vdo ndm 2011 Tinh din 30/12/2011 cd nude
cd 12d9 CSDN (boo gim cd CDN, TCN vd TIDNI,
trong dd ting si CSDN tu thyc Id 4d0 CSDN
Niu chl Hnh rISng cho cdc trudng CDN, TCN thi
K1$ ndy cung Id 25,5%, cu thi; + Ting s i trudng
CDN Id 137, trong dd trudng CDN lu thve Id 35
trudng; + Ting s6 trudng TCN Id 307, trong dd
trudng TCN lulhvc Id 100 trudng;+Ting siTTDN
Id 825, trong dd TTDN lu thyc Id 325 trung Idm
Trong s i cdc CSDN tu thyc nSu Mn, phin k^ Id
#
Vi quy md,co c6u ngdnh nghi DT; Do mgng
ludl cdc CSDN tu thyc phdl triin nSn quy mi tuy^ sinh, quy md DT cOng tdng theo Theo lh6iig
kd cua Ting cgc dgy nghd ndm 2011, ting s^ tuyin sinh tgi cdc CSDN ngodi cdng l^p la 395.0U HS (trong dd, CDN: 14.571 HS;TCN: 40.d23 HS; SCN vd DN dudi 3 thdng Id 339.d40HS) Tuy quy mi tuyin sinh, DT tdng coo nhung co ciu nghd cua cdc CSDN lu thgc l^p trung chu yiu vdo cdc nghd phi blin, ft phdl ddu tu nhu Ki todn, Cdng ngh$ thdng Hn (chlim
h) 50-70% trong ting si) vd m^t si ngh* khdc
nhu Vdn phdng, Du Ijch,
- Vi m^l sdchlnh sdch cv ihi Ngh| djnh l i
d9/2008/ND-CP ngdy 30/5/2008 ciia Chinh
phu vd Quyit d|nh iS 14dd/Q0-TTg ngdy 10/
10/2008 cOa ThO tudng Chinh phli dd cv M hda mdt si co chi chinh sdch tgo dllu kl$n ihi/c hl«n tit cdng tdc XHH, phdt triin h« thing
GD-DT ngodi cdng l^p cy ihi nhu: + Chfnh sdch glao dit, cho thus dit (glao dit khdng thu tijn si) dyng dit; cho thud dit vd miSn tlln thu6 dit ); + Chfnh sdch thui, phf (uu ddi vj ihui gid Irj
gio tdng, thul xuit khiu, thui nhdp khiu; thui
thu nh$p doanh nghl$p; mlln 1$ phf trudc bq khi ddng kf quydn si> dyng dit, ]; + Chfnh sddi tfn dyng, vd'n (dugc voy vin Hn dyng ddu lu hodc h5 tr^ sou ddu tu; hgp tdc, llSn kit huy ding vin ddu tu, ); -f Cdc tl6u chl quy md, ttSu chuin CSDN tu thyc dugc quy djnh phu hgp vdi dllu kl|n cOa k>gi hinh tu ihyc Quyit d|nh si 1000/2005/QD-BLDTBXH oia Bf trudng B« LCTB&XH cung quy djnh mil s i co chi, dllnh sdch cy thi nhu: + Thyc hlf n don gidn cdc ihO tyc hdnh chfnh trong v l ^ thdnh l^p cdc CSDN
tu thyc; + Thyc hl#n diu thdu chl Hiu DT do nhd riiidc d4t hdng; khuyin khfch cdc CSDN thu^ mgi ihdnh phdn kinh t i niu cd du dllu kl^n, dugc blnh ddng tham gia diu thdu Ndm 2011,
dd thyc hi$n d<|t hdng DN ti> kinh phi Dy dn
«Tdng cudng ndng lye DN* vdi 18 trudng cOa
9 t^p dodn, Ting cing ti Nhd nude, ting si chl tliu dft hdng DN Id 8.710 ngudi (trinh d$ CDN: 1.435 ngudi, trinh d* TCN: 7.035 ngudi, trinh d$ SCN: 240 ngudi); d$t hdng ti> kinh phi D i dn «DT nghi cho loo d^ng ndng thdu din ndm 2020* vdi 17 trudng CON, TCN ngodi cdng Idp, ting s i chf H8u dft hdng DN Id 7.115 ngudi (trinh d* CDN: 2.450 ngudi, TCN: 4.665
Tap chi Bliio ilyc so 2 9 1 (fci i • I / M H J
Trang 3ngudi hgc nghi d l th^c hi§n chinh sdch xd h§l
nhu: tr<7 cd'p xd h$l, hgc bd'ng chtnh sdch, h5
tro Hen dn, d, dl Igl khdng ehuyin cho CSDN
md chuyin v l cho cdc Sd LDTB&XH; + Nhd nude
cd chinh sdch hS trg vi$c DT, b^l duong cdn
bd, gido vISn (GV) ciia cdc CSDN ngodi cdng
Idp, chinh sdch hS trgr cdc CSDN ngodi cdng
l^p t\f DT phdt triln nhdn li/e, k l ed DT d nude
ngodi vd thu hut nhdn tdi M<it khdc, h$ thd'ng
vdn bdn quy phgm phdp lu$t v l DN, ca chl,
chfnh sdch v l DN diu du<7e xdy di/ng, dllu
chinh vd dd'l mdl theo ehi3 truong XHH, nhdm
tgo dilu kl^n cho h$ thd'ng DN tu thyc phdt
triln nhu hgc bd'ng khuyin khfch hgc nghi cho
cd HS, SV cdc CSDN tu thyc (Quylt djnh sd*
70/2008/QD-BLOTBXH ngdy 30/12/2008),
DT nghi eho lao d^ng ndng thdn khdng phdn
bl^t CSDN cdng iQp hoy tu thyc,
B&n cgnh nhOng kit qud trdn, hS thd'ng DN tu
thyc thdi gian quo vSn cdn m$t sd' nhOng hgn
chl, b€it c$p, trd thdnh nhihig rdo cdn, dnh hudng
khdng nhd tdl quy md vd chd't lugng DN Ching
hgn: - Co sd v^t chd't, d§i ngu GV vd eong tdc
qudn If cdn thilu vd nhllu hgn chl; - Phdn Idn
cdc CSDN tu thyc t$p trung chu ylu DT nhung
nghi phdl ddu tu thd'p nhu: K l todn doonh
nghi|p, cdng ngh$ thdng tin {chllm khodng
50%-70% quy md, ); - Do kinh phi dau tv cdn hgn
h^p ngn dllu kl$n hg tdng, thilt bj thilu (phdn
Idn SV dyng cdng ngh$ cu); d$i ngu GV tuy cd
Idnh nghidm ih^c Hln, cd kr ndng nghi, song
chua dugc b6i dudng ndng coo phuong phdp
gidng dgy vd c$p nh$t kiln thi>c cdng nghS mdl
ngn c h ^ lugng DT cOo m$t s^ nghi cdn hgn chl;
- Chfnh sdch h5 trg cho cdc CSDN tu thyc cdn
nhilu bat cdp (nhu chfnh sdch hS trgr tiln din
bu d^t; chua cd chfnh sdch mlln gidm hgc phf
cho HS thudc 66\ tugng chfnh sdch tgi cdc CSDN
tu thyc; nhllu co chl chfnh sdch khdng dl vdo
thyc tien, ; - V l mdt phdp If cOa nhilu CSDN
thu^c doanh nghi$p khdng rd td CSDN cdng
l^p hoy tu thyc;
2 Thyc hi$n chu truong XHH DN dd dem Igi
Idt aud budc dSu, nhllu t^ chOc, doanh nghl$p,
cd nhdn dd ddu tu thdnh l$p cdc CSDN, ndng ti
1$ ngudn kinh phf dSu tu ngodi cdng Idp lin 37%
tdng ddu tu cho DN (ndm 2007) Cdc 1^ chuc
chfnh tri xd h$i, h$l nghi nghiep do ti'ch eye tham
gio DN vd h/yln truyin, v$n d^ng ede dodn vign,
Tap chi Clio dye s6 2 9 1 (to i - s/aoia)
tdng mgnh hdng ndm, h> d,d% vdo ndm 2001 ISn 35,6% vdo ndm 2009 Cdc CSDN thu^ doanh nghiep chllm tr&n 20% vd dd budc ddu ddp ung
nhu cdu lao d$ng kr thu^t coo cua m$t i6 ngdnh
cdng nghiep nhu ngdnh xl mdng, ddng tdu, gidy
da, thOy tInh, gtfm xdy dyng ; - Phdn Idn ede CSDN tu thyc hl$n nay cd quy md vuo vd nhd, nguin lye hgn chl, do dd s3 g$p nhllu khd khdn nlu DT cdc ngdnh nghi kr lhu$t coo cdn vdn ddu
tu ban ddu Idn; - Cdn thilu ca chl chfnh sdeh h5 trg cho cdc CSDN tu thyc, ddn tdl sy thilu binh d6ng glDo hg thdng CSDN tu thyc vd CSDN cdng Idp, cdn cd sy edeh bi^t Idn glua quyin k^l vd trdeh nhl$m cOo hoi bdn Cdc co chl, chfnh sdch
CO bdn chf quan tdm din cdc CSDN cdng l$p
3 M^t s6 gIdi phdp phdp phdt triln h |
thdng DN tv thyc
D l khdc phyc nhOng bd't cdp ngu trgn, khdng ngi>ng phdt triin cdng Idc XHH v l DN, md r^ng quy md, ndng coo chd't lugng DN trong hg thd'ng DN tv thyc cdn thyc hign mgt sd gidl phdp sou:
7; Hodn thl^n /># the^ng phdp lu^t: • Si>a
ddi, bd sung Ludt DN vd cdc vdn bdn quy phgm phdp ludt DN theo hudng h5 trg Kch eye cdc CSDN
tu ihye, thu hut hon nua cdc td chue, ed nhdn tham gia hgotd^ng DN, khdc phyc nhung ca chl, chfnh sdch cdn quy djnh chung (^ung, khdng dp dyng dugc trong thyc tiln; - GHjy djnh cy thi bgl hinh CSDN cdng Idp, CSDN tu thyc ddi vdi cdc CSDN thudc doanh nghiep nhd nuoc
2) Hodn ihl^n, b6 sung aic ca ch^, dttnh sdch dd'l vdi CSDN: • Khuyin khfch, thu hut tu
nhdn thdnh Idp CSDN, thorn gia cdc hogt d$ng
DN (nhdt Id doanh nghiep vd ngudi nude ngodi ddu lu (100% vd'n); - Khuyin khfch CSDN cdng Idp ehuyin sang tu thyc (dugc glao ddt, tdi sdn
dd dugc ddu tu, dugc tham gia DT, bdi dudng cdn b$, GV, ); - CSDN tu thyc blnh ddng voy vdn tfn dyng uu ddi vd chtnh sdch uu ddi Kn dyng ddu tv phdt triln (trong nude vd vdn voy nude ngodi) d l xdy dyng vd phdt triln;- Nhd nude h5 trg cdc CSDN tv thye md cdc ngdnh nghi si} dyng cdng ngh$ coo, ddu tu t ^ kgm; hd trg phdt triln CSDN lu thyc vung $du, vung xa, vOng nOi, vOng
cd dllu kl^n kinh t l khd khdn, ; - Uye hl^n d^t hdng DN dd'l vdi CSDN tu thyc nhctng nghi DT
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