TO CHUfC DAV HOC THEO DO AH lYIOT SO KIEN THUTC UAT LJ vt SAN lIUAT DI[N NANG O TRIIliNG TRUNG HOG PHO THONG O TtiS l e KHOA* py hpc theo dp 6n (DHTDA) Id m^t hinh thuc klpy hpc da dupe dp dpng rfng r[.]
Trang 1TO CHUfC DAV HOC THEO DO AH lYIOT SO KIEN THUTC UAT LJ
vt SAN lIUAT DI[N NANG O TRIIliNG TRUNG HOG PHO THONG
O TtiS l e K H O A *
.py hpc theo dp 6n (DHTDA) Id m^t hinh thuc
klpy hpc da dupe dp dpng rfng rdl d nhllu
'nude hen t h i gidl vd thu dupe ede kit qud
khd quan hong vifc phdt hlln cho hpc sinh (HS)
cdc ndng Ipc nhu: ndng Ipc phdt hifn vd gidl
quylt vd'n d l , ndng Ipc hpp toe DHTDA cOng dd
dupe dua vdo nghlSn cuu vd dp dgng d Vift N a m ,
tuy cdn rd't mdl m l , nhung vdl ddc dllm djnh
hudng vdo ngudi hpc, vdo thpc h i n , vdo sdn
phdm too ro, phuong phdp DHTDA rdt phu hpp
cho vifc dpy hpc cdc ung dpng cuo v^l ll (VL)
hong kr thudt, hong sdn xudt (SX) difn ndng cho
HS hung hpc phd thdng (THPT)
1 Co sd l( ludn cOa vlfe id ehi>c DHTDA
1) Khdl nl^m DHTDA DHTDA Id m^t
phucmg phdp dpy hpc, Irong dd, HS dudi sp
hudng ddn cuo gido vl6n (GV) h/ Ipc gidl quylt
mdt nnlfm vg hpc ldp phuc hpp, kit hpp gida If
ihuylt vdi thpc hdnh, hinh thuc Idm vlfe chu y l u
Id tneo nhdm Cdc nhdm lp xdc djnh mpc liSu,
ldp k l hopch vd thpc hifn dp dn (DA), thom gla
klem tro qud h'lnh thpc hifn vd ddnh gid k i t
qud K l l qud cda DA Id ede sdn phdm cd t h i
duo ro gidl thlfu, Wnh bdv (1)
2) Thiit ki DA Budc (Mu Hin, G V cdn xdc
djnh ede mge Wiu v l kiln thuc, kr ndng, thdi dd
md HS phdi dpi dupe sou khi thpc hifn DA Ddng
thdi, h> n0i dung bdl hpc, G V dhuyin h> ^ h/dng
td chuc bdl hpc thdnh DA, suy nghT v l jr h/dng
cuo DA (2) G V xdy dpng bd edu hdl djnh hudng,
vdl bd cdu hdl djnh hudng sS glup HS tdp hung
vdo ede hopt dfng hpc tdp chfnh, trpng tdm Thdng
qua nhung cdu hdi gpl % ed Ifnh md cua G V s3
glup HS to duy v l nhung vdn d l edn phdl gidl
quylt Cd bo dpng cdu hdl djnh hudng: cdu bdl
Ididl qudt, edu hdl bdl bgc vd cdu bdl n^l dung
Ke hopch thpc hifn DA gdm: mge tlSu cua DA,
gidl phdp thpc hifn, cdc cdng vlfe ehfnh, <^a
d l l m , thdi gion, kinh phf vd sdn phdm dp kiln
3) Tlin trinh DHTDA
Glai dogn 1: Xdy dvng f hjdng DA G V d l
Ij xudt ^ todng v l d l Idi cuo DA, HSlpa chpn ehO
d l , xdc dfnh mpc H6u DA, sou dd chlo nhdm, phdn edng edng vlfe eho h>ng HS, nhdm HS
Glai dbpn 2: Ldp ki hogch DA Mdi nhdm thdo
ludn vd xdy dpng k l hopch ihi/c hifn DA, phdn edng cdng vlfe eho cdc thdnh vidn hong nhdm
Glal dogn 3: Thve hl$n DA HS thpc hifn
DA, d l xudt cdc phuong dn gidl quylt vdn d l , sou dd kllm h-o, nghldn cdu Idl lifu, troo ddl vd hpp toe vdl cdc thdnh vidn khdc Irong nhdm,
G V theo ddl tiln dd thpc hifn DA, cd sp hS hp
HS khi edn thilt
Glal dogn 4: Thu ih^p kit qud, cdng bisdn phim HS thu thdp kit qud, trinh bdy sdn phdm
hvdc kifp
Glal dogn 5: Ddnh gid DA HS h/ ddnh gid
quo phllu ddnh gid G V ddnh gid qud hinh npc tdp cuo HS vd k ^ qud cuo DA
2 Td chi>c Ihpc h i f n DHTDA
; ; chuin bf cOa GV vd HS cho rrtdt DA hgc l^p: Xudt phdl h> vifc phdn h'ch n^l dung kiln thdc chucmg h'tnh VQt If 12, chdng tdl i h ^
cd nhilu kiln thdc cd ung dpng Irong ttipc l l ve
SX difn ndng VI v<ty, cd t h i Ihllt k l mdl sd OA hudng vdo cnu d l opy hpc cdc kiln thuc v l SX
d i f n ndng Chdng Idl dp kiln ihllt k l 3 DA:
- DA 1: Thl^ kiohuang dn du lgo mdy phdt
d $ n chgy bdng Idtt blogas; - DA 2: Thl^ kixdy dvng md hinh trgm phdt dl$nsi> dvng ndng lugng gid; DA 3: Nghiin a>u thiit ki chi tgo md /ifnh trgm ihOy dl$n nhd 6 mlin nOI
D l thpc hifn DA 1 , G V ed I h l duo ro b f edu
hdi (^nh hudng (xem bdng)
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* Tnrtil C M dkf igiii Vm fiic - VM PUG
Trang 2hSn, GV ed t h i gpl y cho HS xdy dpng y todng
thdng quo cdu hdl: Hien nay, tong moi gla dinh,
dl$n rit cdn cho sinh hogt: h> din thdp sdng,
dun niu cho din cdc thiit bf nhu tu Ignh, mdy
gidt, tlvl Tuy nblin, theo thing ki cOa edng ti
di$n Ivc thi dl$n cdn thiiu ddn din phdi cdf di$n
ludn phlin, gdy kbd khdn trong sinh hogt Ldm
tbindo di khdc phvc tinh trgng thiiu dl$n trdm
trgng bl$n nay?
Tdn DA: Thiit ki chi lgo md hinh mdy phdt
dl$n chgy bdng Idjf blogas
' Mvc tiiu cua DA: - V l kiin thue: HS nSu
dupe phuong dn thilt k l mdy phdt difn xoov
ehllu 1 pha sd dpng khf blogas, h> dd HS hinh
thdnh cdc kiln thuc v i SX difn ndng; - Vi kfndng:
r6n luyfn eho HS kr ndng Idm vifc theo nhdm,
bllt sd dgng cdng nghf thdng tin, vilt vd hinh
bdy bdo cdo; - V I thdi d^: HS ed Mnh thdn hpp
tdc vdl cdc bpn khdc, h/ Ipc, h/ chju hdch nhlfm
v l ede edng vifc da Idm
• Bdl I0P cho HS: Ddng vol frd Id mot kT su,
ede em hay thilt k l mpt phuong dn cdu too mdy
phdt difn cho nhung gia dinh cd hdm khf biogos
D l hodn thdnh nhlfm vg, HS sS Idm vlfe ^ e o
nhdm vd phdi hodn thdnh cdc nhlfm vp sau:
- Tim hllu cdu too vd nguydn hSc hopt ddng cuo
mdy phdt difn xoay ehllu; - Thill k l md hinh
mdy phdt difn xoay ehllu 1 pha Lpa chpn vol
lifu o i l tpo vd ldp rdp mpl mdy phdt dtf n xoay
ehllu chpy bdng khi blogas; - Tpo ro 2 sdn phdm:
bdl hinh ehllu Powerpolnl, md hinh mdy fJidt
difn (HS cd t h i su dgng cdc ngudn tdl lifu ho
trp nhu SQC VL 1 2 (chuong hinh eo bdn vd ndng
coo), Internet
2) Thvc nghlim su phgm: Nghldn cuu cuo
chOng tdl da dupe Hen hdnh hong 3 todn tpl
Trudng THPT Tom Duong 2 (linh Vrnh Phuc) ndm
hpc 2011-2012 Ddi topng Id HSk&p 1 2 A 2 v d i
43 HS (hong dd cd 20 nQ vd 23 nam)
• Phuong phdp thvc nghlim: Q u d trinh thue
hifn DA dupe h'ch hop vdo chuong trinh day hpc
tp chpn d ldp 12 dr Idp thpc ngTilfm, G V day
hpc ehfnh khdo theo phdn phdl chuong hinh, cdn
cdc DA hpc tap (nhu da ndu d h'gn) dupe td chuc
dgy hpc theo Hen h'lnh DHTDA
• Ki hogch thvc hlin vd kit qud dgt duge:
Tn/dc khi bdt ddu DA, G V gidl thlfu vdl ldp
thue nghlfm ve phuong phdp DHTDA quo mpt
bdl gidng, trong d d , gidl thlfu ngdn gpn d l HS
Tap chi Blao due s6 2 9 0 tni a • 7/goia)
hpc truyin thdng vd DHTDA, ddng thdi cung cdp tdl lifu hpc tap eho cdc em G V duo ra ede cau hdi khdl qudt vd cho HS quon sdt mft sd hinh dnh v l cdc thiet b| mdy mdc nhu: hf thd'ng role dllu khiln h/ d^ng, b i p h>, ddng co difn, mdy phdl difn Dpo vdo sp quon tdm vd hung thu cua HS dd'l vdl cdu hdl khdl qudt, Idp thpc nghlfm dupe chia Idm 3 nhdm, mdl nhdm thpc
hifn mft DA
Di\ vdl DA 1 , xudt phdt h> cdu hdl khdi qudt:
«Hi$n nay nude to cdn ibliu di$n rit h-dm h-gng, Idm thi ndo di khde phvc tinh trgng dd?', G V
hudng ddn cho nhdm HS thpc hifn DA 1 thdo ludn, hoo ddi d l tim ro nhiJng i>ng dgng khdc cd llfin quon din vlfe khdc phgc ttnh hong thilu difn Nhdm djnh hudng cho HS hong qud frlnh nghldn cuu DA, GV tllp tge duo ro cdc cdu hdl bdl hpc
ndy sinh to cdu hdl khdl qudt: Trong SXdlin ndng,
ngudi to dd ung dvng VL di cbi tgo ra cdc thiit
bi mdy mdc gi?; Ciu tgo vd nguyin h^ hogt dgng cua nbOng mdy mdc dd nhu tbindo?
HS Hip Igc thdo lupn d i h d Idl cdu hdi Nhung
y todng ban ddu da dupe hinh thdnh nhung HS vdn chuo xdc djnh duoc eg t h i vdn de cdn nghien edu VI vdy, G V tilp toe dua ro cdu hdl n^l dung
Sou khi hd Idi cdu hdi npl dung, cdc nhdm id dua ro dupe y todng d l lap bdn dd to duy, xdc djnh vdn di cdn nghien cuu, mge heu cOo DA,
cdc cdng vlfe chinh vd sdn phdm dp kiln Vdf sp gpi y cOo GV, cdc nhdm da thdng nhdt ddt ten
eho DA cuo nhdm minh: «Ngblen edu ihii't ke
mdy phdt diin chgy bdng Idii blogas'
Nhdm dd dua ro mpt gidl phdp gidl quylt
nan fhllu difn hifn noy Id che tqo cdc mdy phdt difn cho nhung gia dinh d ndng thdn cd hdm khf
blogas Di thpc hien DA, nhdm da Hm hllu, phdn
h'ch ddc dllm cuo hdm khi biogos d nhi/ng gio dinh chdn nudi gio sue qua cdc tol lifu, Internet Sou dd, cdc thdnh vidn hong nhdm trao ddl, xin
y kiln cOo GV, thdm d i i ed nhihig HS d i n tdn noi cdc gio dinh cd b l khf blogas de quan sdt, Idm
CO sd cho vlfe thilt k l mdy phdt difn su dgng khf blogas vd dd thu dupe cdc kit qud sou: - O nude
ta cd rd't nhieu gio dinh chdn nudi gla sue ed xdy
be khi blogas; - Lupng khf biogos trong cdc be
dd chu y l u dupe dung vdo vifc dun ndu; - Nhllu gio dinh, nhllu hong hal chdn nudi su dgng khf blogas vdo dun ndu khdng hit dd phdl thdi ro ngodi Ididng khi gdy d nhlim mdl hudng
^
Trang 3phi/ong an ca'o too may phat d l ^ n d u n g khf
blogas, tiet kl^m vd dam W o cung ca'p dl^n ll§n
tyc cho cdc h ^ gla dinh
krthudt a THPT a
r'AL
Soc^dMmt/ogos
HS da Hm h l l u nguydn tdc cdu too, hopt ddng
cuo h f thdng mdy phdt d i f n chpy bdng khf blogas
vd thdy rdng: di su dpng khi blogas chpy mdy
phdt d i f n , thudng phdl su dpng mdy phdt d i f n
chpy xdng ho<ic dlesel, cdl too Ipl bd e h l hdo
khf vd e h l tpo b f Ipc khf blogas nhdm lopl b d
cac chd't d$e hgl
Cdc nhdm cdn Ipl cung da xdc djnh dupe vdn
de cdn gidl quyet, chdng hpn, nhdm vdl DA 2;
Thiit ki cbi tgo mdy phdt diin chgy bdng sue
gid, nhdm vdl DA 3: Thiit kixdy dvng trgm thuy
diin nhd 6 mien nui Sdn phdm cuo ede nhdm
ngodi bdl hinh ehllu PovrerPolnf edn cd cdc h'ong
web dupe t h i l t k l d l gidl thlfu v l DA nhu: cdl
too Igi bp c h i hdo khf vd e h l too bd Ipc khf blogas
d l lopl bd cdc chdt gdy hal cho mdy Bdo cdo
eijo cdc nhdm dd dua ro dupe nhung thdng tin
vd hinh ve cdn thilt, ndl dung phong phu, thuylt
phgc ngudi nghe
Trong qud hinh thpc h i f n DA, cdc nhdm d d
neu dupe ede gidi phdp, b i l t vgn dgng k i l n thde
da hpc vdo v i f c t h i l t k l , e h l h?o mdy phdt d i f n ,
d l l u d d ehung td d d hinh thdnh d HS ndng Ipc
phdt h i f n vd gidl q u y l t vdn d l , hinh thdnh ede
k i l n thOe v l SX d i f n ndng Bgn cpnh d d , HS eOng
rdt h'ch epe, h/ Ipc vd sdng tpo hong hpc l d p cOng
nhu trong qud frlnh hpp tdc, h o c d d l , gioo H i p
vdi cdc ban khde
Vdi nhi>ng k i t qud nghidn cdu da dot dupe,
vide t d chuc DHTDA mpt sd k i l n thuc v l SX d i f n
ndng budc ddu eho t h ^ , DHTDA cd i h l vdn dgng
(1) Nguyfin Vfin Cudng Gido trinh U ludn dpy hpc
hifn dpi Truing D^i hpc Posdam CHLB Diic, 2009
(2) D6 Huong Tr^ C^c kilu t l chitc d^y hfM; hl^o d^i trong d^y hpc vf t If & trudng p h i thOng NXB Dpi
hqcsuphprn, H 2011
Tdl li^u tham khdo
1 D6 Huong T r i "D?y hpc dp fin v i titfn trinh thyc
hi?n" Tpp chf Gido ditc, sCf 157/2007
2 Lircmg DuyCn Binh (ting cha bien) Vf t U12 NXB
Gido d\ic, H 2008
SUMMARY
This paper presents the pro)ect-t>ased learning someknowledge of electricity production (high schoc^ physics) at the tilgh sctiool Tam Duong2 nmhs promote positive, self-reliance and creativity and capacity to apply practical knowledge of electrlcltyproductlon, problem-solving capacity, communication capacity of the students AJso the article Is to analyze and evakjate ttie effectlvenessof the process-txxed lecmlng prqfect ttvou^ ttie /esu/ft obtalnedfrom experimental pedagogy
Thai do hoc tap bo mdn
(Tiip theo trang 39)
Tdi li^u tham k h i o
1 Nguyfin Vi$t B^c (chii bien) R i n luyfn nghidp vv
sir ph^m thudng xuyfin NXB Gido dpc, H 2007
2 Trin B^ Hoilnh T i n g quan tinh hinh ngbiCn cihi
p h u m ^ phdp d^y b9C dfi bpc d Vift Nam NXB Gitlo
di^c, H 1996
3 Ki ytfu hpi thio "Ndng cao ch^t lupng nghifp V(J
suphpm cho sinh viin cdc trudng dpi hpc suphpm"
Tnremg Dpi hpc suphpm Hd Ndi, 2010
4 Luf t G U o dpc NXB Chfnh tri quSc gia H 2005
SUMMARY
Students In universities, faculties of teacNng are required to be systematically equipped with knowledge In respect of reasoNng teachhg method and trained teaching skills and profession However, posmveattltudelntoklnglnltlativetoshjdy.ttielrmlhd and awareness In practicing teaching skills and txxed on practical sun/eying and assessing shjdents' attitude In studying teaching units and practicing teaching skills, the article proposes and analyzes a number of specific methods aiming to contribute in students off^llology Faculty of Hai Phong University