TIM HIEUl UIMG DUNG SO BO TU DUV 06 LÎ P DflN V TflONG DnV HOC VAN MICU Tfl lOP 5 LE PHUONG NGA TrUcrng OH Can The* | Trudng DHSP Ha Noi 1 De Vfet duoc mdt bdi ran mieu td hodn chinh, hgc sinh (HS) c[.]
Trang 1UIMG DUNG SO BO TU DUV 06 LI^P DflN V
TflONG DnV HOC VAN MICU Tfl lOP 5
LE P H U O N G NGA
TrUcrng OH Can The* | Trudng DHSP Ha Noi 1
De Vfet duoc mdt bdi ran mieu td hodn chinh, hgc sinh (HS) cSn ed rdt nhieu ki nang nhl/: xde dinh dung yiu cdu cua di bdi; quan sdt, tim y miiu td; ldp ddn y; viet thdnh dogn vdn, thtfc hiin liin kit dogn; viit thdnh bdi vdn vd sau cung Id cd kindng chinh sCfa hodn chinh bdi Idm Trong cdc kindng trin, ldp ddn y Id khdu vd ciing quan trong vd khdng di doi vdi da so hgc sinh Niu khdng biit cdch ldp ddn y, bdi vdn cOa cdc em si ldn xdn, thiiu y, Idp tif didm child thiiu cdc phdn chinh cOa bdi vdn nhuMd bdi hodc Kit bdi Vi thi, dehgc tot thi logi vdn miiu td, HS cdn thdnh thgo kindng ffien chdt ndy Trong khi dd, sadd tuduy (SDTD) Id mdt cdng cu dung ditap hep vd triin khai y mdt edch hiiu qud Nhdng Cfng dung eua SDTD vdo day hcK Tdp Idm van cho HS tiiu hoc bude dau dd cd nhOng kit qud rd ret Niu hgc sinh biet cdch dung SDTD trong khdu tim y vd lap ddn y khi Idm vdn miiu td, cdc
em khdng chi xdy dung duac ddn y mdt cdch hieu qud md khd ndng Hen tUdng, tUdng tUOng cua cdc em cung dugc boi dudng ren luyen diphdt triin han
I.Mddau
1.1 Khdi lugc visa do tuduy
So dd t u duy 6\igc xem la mdt phuong tien
trUcquan dcfn gidn ed UU di«n trong vigcgiup
san sinh, hinh dung cung nhueau true vd phan
logi cdc y tudng Trong day hpe cdng cu ndy la
mdt cdch hdU hieu de biln nhufng y tUdng va
suy nghi rdi rac t i n man thdnh so dd cd cau
tnie va hinh I n h rd rdng Hon t h l , nd tao ra sU
biing no y tudng, giup HS lien k i t vd gpi nhd
lai nhijng kinh nghiem da cd, lam choytudng ciia ede em eang phong phii, sang tao
Cau tnie eiia mdt SDTD gdm ed: Phan ehii de (ndi dung ehinh), elc nhinh ehinh (trien khai eho chil dl), nhanh phu (triln khai nhanh chinh}, phan ki hieu, bilu tupng, tranh Inh
kem theo 64 lam cho so do them sinh ddng,
de hinh dung, lien tudng
Vidu:
(Nhanh pliy]
pflrinhphy]
p^Jbaah
t n o h u A tranbjoh iNhanhcM^!"^
Hinh 1 Minh hoa cdu true cua so ad tuduy
Nhanh p h v - n a n h a n h
VNhdoh chinh
Nhanh p h u - '
Oianh phy]
•.Tianh phyi)
Trang 21.2 Dgy hgc l/on mieu td trong Chuang trinh Tiing
Viet Idp 5
Chuong trinh Van midu td Idp 5 ddnh 26 t i l t cho vigc
ren luygn v i l t v i n migu td (td cinh, t l ngddi)
Bdi tupng midu t l trong cic b l i vdn td cdnh k h i
phong phu, bao gdm nhilu cdnh khde nhau nhUng
nhU: td mdt budi trong ngdy, t l hign tUong thign
nhien, t l cinh sdng nude, td trudng hpe, t l c i n h d?p
d dia phdOng em HS ein dUpe trang bj nhdng k i l n
thdc v l ki ndng c i n t h i l t d l v i l t mpt bdi vdn td einh,
elu tao ciia b l i van t l cinh, quan sit, l i p d i n y, hodn
chinh doan vdn, lign k i t dogn, thay ddi gde quan sdt
theo khdng gian v l thdi d i l m quan sit theo thdi gian
logi van td ngudi, ehuong trinh cung d p cho HS k i l n
thdc va ki nang ve elu tao bdi vdn td ngudi, quan
sat, lap d i n y, v i l t dogn vdn migu t l ngogi hinh, hogt
ddng, tinh cdch ciia mdt ngudi nao dd
Chuong trinhTdp lam vdn Idp 5 chu yeu ren luyen cho
HS nhdn biit cdch td thdng qua day cde ki ndng quan
sdt tim vd sdp xip y trong quan sdl, biit triin khai moi
y di ndi vd viet thdnh doan, biit cdch sdp xip y de vHt
thdnh bdi 5BTD la mdt edng ey ho trp d i e lUc 64 thuc
hien mye tieu nay trong qud trinh day hpe Van mieu
td Trong bai viet niy, ehimg tdi mudn dUa ra goi y v l
SBTB de lap dan y cho mdt bai van mieu td eu the
trong chuang trinh Tdp lam v i n Idp 5
2 HUcing dan hoc sinh limg dung sd do t u duy de
lap dan y trong day hoc Van mieu t l Idp 5
2.1 Can cddi hudng ddn HS Ung dung Sadd tuduy
trong dgy hgc Van mieu td
Cin cd trude tien de huPng dan HS dng dung SDTD
trinh T i l u hoc mdi ddi vdi viec day hpe t h l loai Van
mieu t l : khdng day ki tdng ddi tuong mieu t l m l ehd
y l u dgy HS biet each t l thdng qua hinh thdnh cdc kT
nang bd phan Viec eung cap eho HS mdt edng eu d l
giup cac em hg thdng v l ren luyen ede ki nang nay I I
vd eiing can t h i l t
Thd hai, theo li t h u y l t ve cac bude hinh t h i n h hanh
ddng tri tue eiia P.IA Galperin - nha t i m Ji hoc boat
ddng, hdnh ddng l l m van eiia HS dUpe trien khai
theo hudng: Phdn tich de b l i (phan dinh hudng hdnh
dpng) - Lap sP do vd t r i l n khai y - Dien dat y tudng
(phan thuc hien hanh ddng)
Can cd thd ba la sd phu hop gida SDTD vdi yeu eau,
npi dung v l phuong phdp dgy hpe Vin midu td Dilu ndy t h l hidn rd qua ede bUPc x i y dpng mdt SBTD, mang lUdi y tddng d i n d i l n dat t h i n h Idi Qui trinh
n i y phdi chii trpng ygu elu v l tinh mach lac, Idgic vd mang d I u I n e l n h i n
Cdn ed sau ciing Id dde d i l m tdm li cua HS tieu hgc
dd I I d i e d i l m t u duy mang d i m m l u sle xiic cdm
t d tinh eu t h l sang trdu tuong k h i i qudt nhUng cdn
d mde dp so khai VI t h l , SDTD vdi du t h l ve each
t h l hign trye quan se gidp HS d l n i m b i t ndi dung trpng t i m , tao cho HS cd hdng thu, Id d i l u kign md ra nhdng lign tudng, tudng tupng sing tao v l ddi tuong
m i l u t l
2.2 HUdng ddn HS ve Sa d6 tU duy trong dgy hgc Van miiu td
Chudn bi:
V l t dung: t d giay t r l n g vdi kieh thudc phii hpp tdng mue dich day hoc, hdp but sdp nhieu mau Xdc djnh ygu cau eda d l , ede t d khda d l Idm ehii
de cho Sd do
- Tdp hop y, tranh I n h , lien quan d i n ehii d l
Tien hdnh:
Md td chil d l eiia So do b i n g mdt td, cym td ngin ggn (Id t d khda trong de bli) hay hinh I n h dvjtri phil hpp sao eho ndi bat v l m l u sle, kieh thudc Dat v l t r l Idi c i u hdi lien quan den chii d l eang nhilu edng tdt (sd dung phuong phdp ddng nao) Chu y, GV cd t h l hd trp eho HS d bude niy bing eleh xdy dung he thong edu hdi goi y, trinh tinh trang HS ngu elc y chung chung, d i n d i u , khdng dae trung eho ddi tupng mieu t l
Td chil d l , ve nhCfng nhanh dam (nhinh chinh) va
t h l thdm tranh I n h minh hpa eho sinh ddng tiiy theo mgch lidn tudng, tudng tUpng
Td nhanh ehinh, md ra eae n h i n h phu vdi kieh thudc nhd hon v l tien hanh tUOng tu Gin ket y
b i n g cdeh danh dau mui tdn hoae d i n h sd thd ti/ trUdc sau Chii y, nhCfng n h i n h chfnh va nhanh phy d i u I I dudng cong de t r i n h sU khd khan eiia elc dudng t h i n g , sU phdn bae phdi dupc the hign
b i n g m l u sle khie nhau
Hodn
thien-Bo sung hinh I n h , mdu sle can t h i l t Kiem tra lai td, ngd khda (hoac hinh Inh) Kilm tra lai tdng the Sd dd xem da c i n ddi va hop
li chua
Thi hiin:
Td SDTD da hodn t h a n h , HS p h l i :
Trang 3Diln daty b i n g ldi ndi
Dien dat ^ b i n g cdeh viet (elu, doan, bdi)
• Mdt so lUu y khi hudng dan HS ve SDTD:
De d i m b i o yeu eau xde l i p trong tam midu t l
vd lign k i t , mau sle va kich thude eda ede nhanh
(ehinh, phy) phdi the hien d i l m n h i n eiia cac trpng
tdm, t h l hien sU lien k i t gida elc y khde bic va
trong eimg bac rnau sle edn diing t h l hien e l m
xue, dae trUng eiia ddi tupng
So dd t u duy thudng trinh b i y theo ehilu ngang
mpt each thdng thoang, moi ddng ehi cd mdt t d
ngd khda (tranh Inh) dupe dat tren vach lien k i t vd
nhinh chinh dupe noi vdi chii d l b i n g net ddm, so
do la mpt he thdng md khdng gidi han nhdng tien
tudng ddc ddo ve ddi tupng midu t l , b i t kl t d ngd
nao trong so do cung ed t h l md rdng y thanh mdt
b i o tinh mach lac va ddc d i o ciia cua SBTD
B l kich thich nhdng lien tuPng thii vj, GV cd the xay
dung he thdng eau hdi n h i m khie phye rdo edn t u
hda trong qud trinh lidn tUdng, dien dgt
2.3 Ong dung Sadd tuduy dihudng ddn HS lap dan
y cho bdi vdn mieu tad ldp 5
* Giai doan 1 Nhdn biit cdu tgo cua bdi van mieu td
Lam quen vdi Sado tuduy
Bai minh hoa Cau tao cua bai van tS cinh
1 Muc tiiu: HS n i m duoc cau tgo ba phan (md bai,
t h i n bdi, k i t bai) eiia mdt bdi vdn td eanh
1 Cdch tien hdnh: Diing SBTD khai qudt kien thdc ve
eau tao bai van ta eanh
BUdc 1 Chudn bi
Dung eu: giay t r l n g A4, but mdu
Phuong hudng: Xac djnh ehu d l chinh eua so dd la Ciu tao bai van t l einh
Bade 2 Tien hdnh
Bat td giiy A4 n i m ngang
Khi dd xde dinh chu de, elc em ey the hda ehu de
b i n g cdc t d khda (hoae hinh Inh) Bat but ve gida trang giay va lam ndi bat chii d l (Ciu tao bdi van td einh) theo phong cich ndng
Ciu hdi goi y ciia gilo vien:
+ Bli van t l cinh dupe elu tao bdi may phin? (Bae T) + Trong tdng phan, cae em nen trinh bay nhiing ngi dung gi? (Bae 2)
+ Trong tiing ndi dung, ede em '.- r' "trien khai y ehi
t i l t hPn nda 6ugc khdng?Bd Id nhdng y nao? (Bac 3)
Mdi edu hdi la mdt npi dung can trien khai, mdi npi dung Id mpt nhanh eiia so do Tren mdi nhanh, HS cdn
cd t h l t r i l n khai tiep eae y nhd, bo sung hinh I n h , kf higu cho nhdnh do Giao vien lUu y cac em chti y ve mau sde, tinh phan bae eiia so dd Cudi ciing, cac em dimg miii tdn chi sU gan ket y nay y kia, hoac ddnh so thdtu, ve cae dudng bao quat
BLfdc 3 Hodn thien
Bo sung mau sac can thiet
Kiem tra lai ehi t i l t Kilm tra lai tdng the so do cd c i n ddi, dep mat khong
Budc 4 Thi hien
Hinh 2 Ong dung sa do tU
duy de tdm tdt ngi dung
bdi hoc
ttiiotttia • iMtL -nSiam ici /"^ fchdnq mC >wnq,
• '- - - - ' I , v i e l ' V , (Lnqodlvi dCcB l ^ l u e u
Trang 4" Giai doan 2 (fng dung sa d6 tU duy diphdn tich
cdu tgo cua mdt bdi van miiu td cu thi
Bdi minh hoa CHu tao cua b l i v i n t l c i n h
1 Muc tliu: HS b i l t p h i n tieh elu tao eiia mdt bdi v i n
t l einh cy t h l
2 Cdch tiin hdnh: Dung SBTD d l phdn tieh elu tgo eda
b l i vdn Quang ednh Idng mgc ngdy mua (Td Holi)
BUdc L Chudn bi
Dung ey: Giiy trdng A4, biit m l u , mdt sd tranh I n h
(GVvdHS chuin bl trudc)
PhUdng hudng: Xdc dinh chii d l chinh cua sd dd I I
Quang cdnh Idng mac ngdy mua
BUdc 2 Tiin hdnh
Bat t d g i l y A4 n i m ngang
Cdc em ey t h l hda ehii d l bing cic t d khda.Tle g i l midu
t l tifng bd phin eiia einh ndn tUkhda d l triln khai chii
d l II nhCfng td t h l hidn timg phin cua cinh v l t
C l u hdi gpi y eda g i l o vidn:
+ Tic g i l midu t l c i n h Idng mae n g i y miia theo trinh t p n l o ?
+ Tic g i l chpn midu t l nhdng bd p h i n n i o cua
c l n h ? ( B ^ c l ) + Trong tdng bd p h i n eCia einh, t i e gid d l chpn loc
d l t l nhdng cinh, nhdng v l t nio? Tdc g i l dimg
cdc gllc quan n i o 64 quan sdt tdng einh v l t dd?
(Ble 2) + Tic g i l migu t l nhdng cinh, nhdng vdt thdng qua cic t d ngd nio? (Bdc 3)
+ Cde em ed t h l diing nhdng hinh dnh n i o d l minh hpa cho cic t d ngd migu t l dd?
BUdc 3 Hodn thi^n
Bd sung mdu sle ein t h i l t
K i l m tra lai ehi tiet
Kilm tra Igi tdng t h l so dd ed e i n ddi, dep m i t khdng
BUdc 4 Thi hiin
Hinh 3 t/ng dung SDTD diphdn tich cdu tgo bdi "Quang cdnh ldng mgc ngdy miia"
Trang 5cho bai vdn mieu td cu thi
Bai minh hoa Luyen tap t l cinh
1 Muc tiiu: HS biet lap dan ^ t l ednh mdt budi
trong ngay va trinh bay theo dan y nhOng d i l u
da quan sdt
2 Cdch tien hdnh: Dung SBTD 64 l i p dan y eho bdi
tap: Lap dan y bdi van t l cinh mdt budi sdng (hoae
trUa, chieu) trong vUdn edy (hay trong cdng vien,
tren dudng pho, tren cdnh ddng, nuOng ray)
Budc 1 Chudn bi
Dyng cu: giay t r l n g A4, but mdu, mdt sd tranh I n h (HS
chuan bj trude tiiy thudc vao cdnh ma cic em dinh tl)
Phuong hudng: Xic dmh chii de chfnh ciia sP do cd
the la- Buoi sdng tren cdnh dong Bu6i chieu trong cdng
viin, Buoi chiiu trin dudng phd
Bude 2 Tiin hdnh
Hoc sinh cu t h l hda chii 64 bang cdc t d khda (tiiy
thudc vao cich mieu t l cac em chpn md co cac t d Budc4 The hien
Cdu hdi gpi y eiia g i l o vien:
+ Cac em dmh mieu t l cinh gl va trong thdi diem nao? + Cie em chpn each mieu t l theo trinh tuthdi gian hay td tdng p h i n ciia cdnh? (Bdc 1)
+ Em diing nhdng giac quan nao de quan sat cinh?
Em ehpn loe nhdng hinh I n h , chi tiet nao trong qud trinh quan sat d l dUa vao bai (Bac 2) + Moi hinh Inh, chi tiet cac em quan sat cd the dUpc mieu td b i n g nhdng t d ngd nao? (Bac 3) + Cdc em ed the diing nhdng tranh I n h nao de minh hoa cho cac t d ngd mieu t l do?
+ Nhdng hinh Inh, chi tiet ciia canh gpi cho em nhdng lien tudng, tudng tuong gl? (Bac 4)
BUdc 3 Hodn thiin
Bd sung mau sic can thiet
Kiem tra lai ehi t i l t Kiem tra lai tong the so do cd can ddi, dep mat khdng
Hinh 4 Cfng dung SDTD dildp ddn ycho bai vdn mieu td cdnh dong vao buoi sdng sdm
Trang 63 Khio nghiem tinh k h i thi v l hidu q u i cua vi6c
dng dung Sd dd tU duy d l l i p d^n y trong day hpe
van m i e u t i ldp 5
3.1.IVlucaich
Ddnh g i l mde dd khd thi, tinh hl§u qud eiia vide dng
dung SDTD trong day hpe l i p ddn y t h l loai v i n migu
t l Idp 5
3.2 Cdch tiin hdnh
a Phuong thUc t i l n hdnh
Phdng v i n g i l o vidn ddng Idp dgy ndi dung vdn
midu t l Idp 5
Day thd nghiem tren ddi tUpng hoc sinh Idp 5
b Ndi dung cy the
Ndi dung phdng v i n gido vidn t i l u hpe xoay
quanh hieu q u i eiia vigc dng dung SBTD trong
vide day HS Idp 5 ldp d i n y ndi ridng, day hpe
T i p l l m vdn ndi chung, nhdng thudn lpi vd khd
khan khi dng dung So dd t u duy trong day hpe
t i p Idm vdn Td dd, tim h i l u nhdng bien p h i p
hd trp ( k i l n nghj t d gido vign) cho vigc sd dung
SBTD
Qud trinh day thd nghigm tren ddi tUong HS Idp
cdnh) Cu t h l Id d bdi Cdu tao bdi vdn td cdnh vd hai
bai Luyen tdp td cdnh
c Pham VI cua vide khdo nghigm
Phdng van 1 hieu phd ehuyen mdn v l 4 t h i y ed
Dgy thuc nghiem trdn 10 hoc sinh Idp 5
3.3 Ddnh gid kit qud
a D i n h gia dmh tinh
K i t qud ghi chep, tong hpp sau qua trinh phdng van
GV ve mde dd khd thi, tinh hidu q u i ciia vigc dng
dyng SDTD cho t h i y :
Sd dyng SDTD trong khdu lap d i n ^ I I cleh dgy mdi, p h i bd e l c h dgy khudn m l u , gd vdo dan
y chung ciia GV Mdt khic, gdp p h i n kfeh thich hdng thil hpe t^p, n i n g cao e h I t Idpng dgy hoc
p h i n mdn T?lp Idm vdn ndi ridng v l mdn Tiing Vi^t ndi chung
Sd dung SDTD trong gid hpe Idm ndi b i t tinh chii dpng eiia HS v l chii dgo eda GV, eu t h l HS II ngudi chil ddng t u d i t raclu hdi cho b l i llm,tUdotlmyvl
md rdng y, GV ehi Id ngudi hUdng d i n vd hd trp Cde bude sd dyng SBTD trong hpe Tip idm van
b i m sit theo mye t i l u ehuong trinh, t d mye tigu If thuylt cho d i n thdc hdnh, vl t h l ed tinh khd thi eao
GV ed t h l sd dung SDTD trong day hpe ede phan mdn khic HS cd t h l sd dyng SBTD d l rgn luygn tinh Idgic v l tU duy sdng tao eho minh d nhd nhu
Id bdi luygn t i p
b B l n h gid dinh lUpng Mdt sd thdng kg sau day hoc thuc nghigm: S6 lUdng hoe sinh ed t h l dde l i p x i y dung ddn y cho
b l i van mieu t l c h i l m 80% (8/10 hpe sinh), trong
dd, ed 63% (5/8 hoe sinh) biet elch trinh b i y SBTD hpp li, dep m i t v l budc dau ed sU lidn tudng, tudng tuong trong ede y m i i u t l Ket q u i day hoc thuc nghiem eho thay dng dung SBTB gdp p h i n phat
t r i l n ki ndng vd thdi quen lap dan y trudc khi viet
b l i van cho HS
4 Ket luan
Trong day hoc Tap l l m van, k h I u hudng dan HS lap ddn y I I k h I u quan trpng B l quy trinh sd dyng
HS theo diing trinh tp, diing ydu c l u de khdng chi
p h i t trien k h i ndng tim y, trien khai y trong mdn hpe md cdn phdt huy khd ndng sdng tao, tudng tupng eho c i e em O