NGHIEN CUlJ & UNG DUNG THIET KE, CHE TAG MO HITSH DOING CO DIEN SO DUNG TRONG DAY HOC DO AiN MON VAT Li L O F 9 1 Kh6 khan ciia hgc sinh trong thiet k l , chl tao mo hinh dgng co dien vd hirdrng khac[.]
Trang 1THIET KE, CHE TAG MO HITSH DOING CO DIEN SO DUNG TRONG DAY HOC DO AiN MON VAT Li L O F 9
1 K h 6 khan ciia hgc sinh
t r o n g thiet k l , c h l tao mo
hinh dgng co dien vd hirdrng
khac p h u c
Kho khan trong thilt k l ,
chd tgo dgng co didn dd Id: D I
dgng CO didn boat dpng dupc,
can phdi sir dung day din dd
dua d6ng dien vdo khung day
ciia dgng co nhung khung
day quay se ldm cho day noi
Hinh } Nguyen tdc hoal dong
ciia dong ca dien
ra ben ngoai bi xoan lam diit
day Bi gidi quydt kho khMi
nay, hgc sinh (HS) nhgn thay
phai viia co day noi dua dong
didn vdo trong dgng co vira
kh6ng CO day ndy dd no khdng
hi xoin diit Cac phuong an
chd tao dgng co didn ca ban
giai quydt van dd chl tgo c6
gop didn: "Vide dua dong dien
ben ngoai vdo d6ng co dupc
thyc hidn b m g each cho ddy
ddn tilp xiic vai khung day
tuy nhidn vi tri tilp xiic kh6ng
c6 dinh md co ihd di chuyen
(tilp xiic dgng)" (hinh 1)
Trong day hpc Vgt li lop 9,
giao vidn (GV) co t h i huong
T r i n Vdn Thdnh
Truang Cao ddng Sic phgm Ha Nam
dan HS thilt ke, che tgo nhihig dgng CO di?n c6 nguydn tic hogt dgng nhu trdn nhung c6 cau true rat don gian, phu hgp vdi trinh do ciia HS Vi vgy, chii de DOng co dien c6 thi dugc thyc hign bdi HS Idp 9 THCS th6ng qua day hgc dy
dn (DHDA)
2 Thiet ke, che tao mgt so d$ng CO didn dom gian
2.} Dong ca dien mot chieu
* Chudn bf.- Day qudn
bing d6ng dudng kinh <1> = 1,0mm; Day d6ng hogc nh6m
duong kinh (^ = 2,0mm dd
lam tru dd; Day thep O 2,0mm dd ldm true quay;
M6t tim nhya (hogc g6) kfch thuoc 10cm X 10cm x 2cm dd lam chdn d l ; 8 -^ 10 vidn nam cham g6m dgng ciic do; 2 vidn pin tron loai 1,5V; 1 dinh 6c chilu ddi 4cm; Bg nguon di?n mgt chidu: 3V -^ 6V
Vdi nhihig linh kien vd dung cu tren ddy, HS c6 the thilt kd, chd tgo dugc nhieu m6 hinh dgng ca didn khac nhau Dudi day la mgt so buoc tiln hdnh chd tgo dgng co dign m6t chidu don gidn:
* Cdc buac tien hanh
Mo hinh 1- Dpng ca di^n
CO khung day quay (su dung
bp nguon di?n mpt chieu)
- Quan day dong thanh m0t
khung day trdn, dudng kinh 2cm, khodng 10 -i- 15 vdng U6n day d6ng hodc nh6m de tgo thdnh 2 try d9 khung day Ddt try dd ldn chan dd, dat khung day ldn trdn try dd -Xdp8-!- lOvidn nam chdm g6ra dang ciic do chong ldn nhau theo phuong thing diing, dat chu6i nam chdm len tren chan dd, ngay phia dudi khung day N6i 2 cyc ciia bg nguon dien mgt chidu vdi 2 try do Vdn hdnh md hinh de kiem tra (hinh 2) Md hinh 2
- Dong CO di?n cd khung day quay (Sir dung pin trdn logi 1,5V)
Md hinh nay ciing tuong
tu md hinh 1 nhung khdng sii dung bg ngudn dign mgt chieu
md suf dung 2 vidn pin trdn logi 1,5V m i c song song K i t qua, ta dugc ddng co dign mOt chieu nhu d (hinh 3) Md hinh
3 - Dgng co didn c6 cu$n day quay (Sir dyng pin trdn loai 1,5V)
- Xdp 5 vidn nam chdm gdm dgng ciic ao chdng ldn nhau theo phuong thing dimg
- Ddt mgt vidn pin trdn logi 1,5 V len trdn day nam cham gdm, cue (-) cua vidn pin tiep xiic vdi mat trdn cua nam cham
- U6n ddy ddng thanh mot
Ngay nhQft bdi }0/4/20}2
TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC • SO 81 - 5/2012 • 5
Trang 2a) S<T ill) ciiii tciii If) Mo hiiili viil rlial iii llnial
Hinii 2 hfo liinh Jong ca di^n m()l chieu khung ddy quay
(sir dung hg nguon di^n mpt chieu)
a) Sa do cdu tao b) Mo hinh vdt chdt ki thudt
Hinh 3 Afo hinh dong ca dien mot chieu khung ddy quay
(su dung pin tron)
a) Sa do cdu tgo h) Mo hinh vdt ciidt ki thudt
Hinh 4 Md hinh dgng ca dien mgt chieu cugn ddy quay
(sir dung pin tron)
dng day (dang 16 xo, gdm 5 xiic vdi cyc (+), ddu dudi ciia
vdng day, khodng each gifia dng day tiep xiic vdi nam
cdc vdng day Id 1,0cm) D§t chdm
dng day ldng ben ngodi vidn Vgn hanh md hinh dl
pin, diu tren cua dng ddy tidp kiem tra (hinh 4) Md hinh 4
- Dgng CO dign cd nam chdm quay (Sir dyng pin trdn loai I,5V)
- Gin cac nam cham gdm dgng ciic do thdnh chudi, djt mdt chile dinh 6c ldn trdn chuoi nam chdm
- Mgt tay giCfc vidn pin thing tiling, tay cdn Igi cam than dinh
oc gin vdo cyc (+) ciia vidn pin Diing day dan noi cyc (-) ciia vidn pin vd chuoi nam
c h ^ Kit qua, dugc dgng co dign nhu (hinh 5)
Van hanh md hinh di
kilm tra
2.2 Dgng ca di^n xoay chieu m0tpha
Chuin bi vd cac budc tien hanh ddi vdi vipc che tgo mo hinh dgng co dipn xoay chieu mdt [ ^ ciing tuang ty md hinh dgng CO dign mgt chieu khung ddy quay 6 day, ta thay the bg ngudn dign mgt chidu bing b$ nguSn di^n xoay chieu (su dpg mdy biln thi logi 220V - dV) Kit qud thu dugc md hinh d^ng
co dign xoay chidu mgt pha nhu (hinh 6)
3 V^n d^ng cdc mo hinh d9 thiet ke, che tfo trong dgy
h9c dyr dn chii dk D$ng c<r
di$n-V$tlfl<yp9 Cac md hinh da thiet kd, chl tao dugc vgn dyng trong DHDA chii dd Dgng co dien -Vgt li lop 9 HS trong lap dirge chia thdnh cac nhdm eimg thyc hign dy an Dgng ca dign Trong cdc dy dn, HS thuc hign cdc nhi^m vy: tun hilu vd ciu tgo hogt dgng ciia dgng co didn; thiet ke, chd tgo ddng co di^;
Trang 3a) Sa do cdu lao b) Mo hinh vdt clidl kJ lliiidt
Hinh 5 Mo liinh dgng ca dien mot chieu nam cluim ijuav
(sir dung pin Iron)
Hinh d Md hinh dgng ca di^n xoay chieu
tim hidu nhihig ling dung cua
ddng CO didn trong thyc tidn
Trong cac nbiem vu do, thilt kd,
chd tao ddng co didn Id nhidm
vu quan trgng nhit Tuy liieo
vi^c lua chgn ddng di$n (mdt
chidu hoac xoay chieu), phuang
dn thilt kd cd gdp ma san phim
ciia cdc nhdm cd the khdc nhau
Thdng qua Ibyc nghigm su
phgm da cho thdy, HS rdt hiing
thii vdi bai hgc va tham gia vdo qud tiinh gidi quylt vin dl; cdc phuong dn thidt ke, chd tgo ciia
HS rat da dgng va gidi quydt dugc van dd ddt ra
4 Kit luan Cdc dy dn vl ling dyng kT thudt cua Vat li ludn khoi gpi duoc hiing thii hgc tdp cua HS
Vide t6 chiic DHDA chii dl Dgng CO di$n - Vat li 9 giiip
phat triln ndng lyc sang tao Id thuat, ndng lyc hdnh ddng (bao gom cd ki ndng thyc hanh) va cac Id ndng song cdt loi ciia
HS Trudc khi td chiic DHDA,
GV can thiet kd, chd tgo cdc md hinh vat chit Id thugt de kilm tra tinh khd thi cvia dy an
Tdi li^u tham khdo [1] Nguyen Chdn, Duong Xudn Bdo, Phan Dung,
Nguydn Vdn Vidn, Algorit sdng che, NXB Khoa hgc vd
Kl thuat (1983) [2] Vii Quang, tong chu
bien vd cdc tac gia, sdch gido khoa Vat li 9, NXB Giao dye
(2007) Summary:
Electric motors have wide applications in the life and techniques Designing and manufacturing electric motors not only require students to apply theory to solve practical problems but also have opportunities for them to develop innovative technical capabilities and core life-skills such as : colecting
i n f o r m a t i o n , processing
i n f o r m a t i o n , gathering information, communication, presentation, In " project-based learning for topics of electric motor - physics for 9 graders at secondary schools, students can design and manufacture many models of simple electric motor Thus, the products of project are diverse and realistic
TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 81 - 5/2012 • 7