T A M Li H9C M N H Li H^C LtiTA TU4 l vAkV m KASSI; I JN S M I ; TAO VAO DAU Tiii KI XXI Sou hdng trl|u ndm hinh thdnh vd phdl triln, lodi ngudi mdi dpt tdi con ngudi trf t u | «Homosapiens", vd trong[.]
Trang 1T A M Li H 9 C - M N H Li H^C LtiTA T U 4 l
VAO DAU Tiii KI XXI
Sou hdng trl|u ndm hinh thdnh vd phdl triln,
lodi ngudi mdi dpt tdi con ngudi trf t u |
«Homosapiens", vd trong vdi thdp 1^^ 9 ^ " ^
cdc nude cdng nghilp phdt triln cao budc sang
thdi kl «hdu cdng nghilp" (1), «hdu hl|n dpi" vol
kinh l l tri thOc va coc thdnh tyu tuy|t vdi, nhu
cdng n g h | mdi, dl ddu Id cdng n g h i thdng tin
(may tliih, mong loon cdu ), cdng n g h | sinh hpe,
cdng n g h | vdt ll|u, vdi mpng todn cdu, dua
nhdn lopi vd con ngudi vdo thlln nlln kl mdi
eOng bao nhilu vdn d l mdi, Idp ^ n g nhdt vdo
v^n d l con ngudi, tdm If (TL) con ngudi, gido
dye con ngudi, phdt triln con r>gudi vdi cdc ndng
lye, trong dd ndng lye sdng tpo (NLST) dupe chO
^ d i n nhu mdt vd'n d l km trong torn If hpc (TLH),
gido dye hpc: h-png dyng con ngudi vd NLST,
Idp trung ddu tu vdo trf t u | , vdo ngudn nhdn lye
ed chdt lupng coo, md Dpi hdi XI Ddng Cdng sdn
Vi^t Norn da chi ro
1 Cdng n g h i thdng Hn (CIsnT)
Mdt ddc trvng ndi bdt nhdt cua thdi dpi chung
ta dong sdng Id Cdng ngh$ thdng ffn (lling Anh
vilt tdt: IT) CNTT Id cdng n g h | xO If thdng tin;
thudt ngO ndy xudt hi^n tO ndm 1958 vdi hai tdc
gid Id Leovitt vd Whisler (Dpt hpe Harward, Ml)
CNTT cd cdc linh vyc: n>dy Knh ed nhdn, cdng
n g h | cdc trong W e b , ede h | thdng mpng todn
cdu, cde kho dO li|u h-1 ihOc khdng Id, Hopt
ddng CNTT chu y l u dupc Hln hdnh bdng mdy
tfnh vd viln thdng, Irong dd khdu quan trpng nhdt
Id khdu ntdy mdy tinh, rdi ntdi d i n khdu thdng
tin Nguyin tdc tdng qudt khi dOng mdy tfnh cd
ba edng dopn: 1) D6\j vdo; 2) Ngudi thao tdc
-xO If thdng Hn; 3) Ddu ro Kit qud ddu ra phy
thudc rdt nhilu vdo khd ndng cOa ngudi thao tdc,
nghia Id hi|u qud sO dyng mdy phy thudc vdo
vdn tri thOc, hinh dd chuyin mdn vd NLST khi vdn
dyng tri thOc vdo cdc thao tdc cOo ngudi sO dyng
Quy trinh sO dyng mdy vdi cdc chuong h-lnh da
edi ddt i&n trong mdy glOp ngudi su dyng phdt
Q ThS N G U Y E N TH| L l g N ' huy vd phdt W i n NLST eiJa minh TO mdy tfnh ddu tiln d i n mdy tfnh hl|n dpi cdng ngdy cdng tdng CO hdi phdt huy vd phdt triln NLST cOa nguM
sO dyng
M d y tfnh bdy gid (vi di|n 10) Knh nhanh gdp hdng ft-i|u d i n hdng K Idn so vdi mdy Knh cua nhOng ndm trv6e Dde b l | t ddng luu i* Id ngodi phdn Knh mdy Knh dfi thu nhd k?i nhilu Idn, odn
ed phdn chuong trinh hod so vdi hvdc rdt phong pho vd do dpng Chucmg trinh hod gpi Id «phln
m i m " dupc luu giO trong phdn cOng; f ^ n mim
ndy phy thudc rdt nhilu vdo khd ndng sdng Igo
cua ngudi dung mdy, nh^ Id /O ndm 1990 bit ddu (A mgng mdy tfnh, ft> mgng nhd d^ mgng todn cdu Phdn m i m Id phdn sdng tpo liln tyc
TO mdy Knh vd mpng mdy Knh todn cdu dd tpo
n l n cdng n g h | thdng Hn • co sd v^t chdt Idm tha/
ddi ht duy, htHig dd ed ndng lye tuduys^ tgo
ndi rling, hopt ddng kinh t l - xd hdi ndi chung, dupc ndng Idn mdt chdt lupng mdi, ndng vol Ird cuo tri thOe vd ndng lye sdng tpo lln mdt tdm coo mdi If h ^ g tri thOc trong sdn phdm kinh tlngdv cdng coo hon: n l n kinh l l hi thOc bdt ddu hinn thdnh
2 Kinh t^ h i ihOc Thudt ngO «klnh t l fri thOc" do nhd kinh t l Fritz Moclup ( M ^ vd nhd kw ddng hpe ndi tilng Peter DruekttT ( ^ (2) phd blln r$ng rdi Trong nln
kinh t l ndy ndi lln nhdt Id vdn dtl con ngudf fndng /yc chuy6n mdn, NLST), vdn d l ngudi - mdy, vdn
d l ngudi - ngudi VI vdy, n l n tdng khoa hpc md
n l n Idnh t l ndy dya vdo cd tfnh chdt liln ngdnh, chdng nhung cd o k mdn Idnh l l , kr thudt, nhv khoa npc mdy tfnh, krsii,cdc nhd todn hpc, vdt If,
hod, md cdn cd cdc mdn khdc, nhu Tdm ll hgc,
Xd/id//»pc, N/jdn rfjOc/jpc, N 6 I d i n hi thOc, Iri
h j | , nhu chOng la d i u b i ^ , Id ndi d i n vol trd c6 nhdn con ngudi vd loo dpng cGo lOng ngudi
" VKi Nikita am stf pb|H-TIMH Bfi k c «rphfM U W
Tap dii BIJio due s6 2 8 5 CM i - g/«*ig
Trang 2cOng nhu Irong nhdm ngudi, h>ng ngudi vd h>ng
nhdm e6 nhilm vy gidi quylt vdn d l thudng xuyIn
xudt hiln trong tdt ed cdc khdu, h> sdng tpo ra tri
thOe d i n h-uyin dot, vdn dyng h-1 thuc, rdi thdnh
thdng Kn (luu giu, truyin tdi, Kip nhdn, xO If, sO
dyng) Trong qud h-lnh ndy ludn ddi hdi NLST, d
cdc h'lnh dd vd mOc dd khdc nhau, gdp phdn tpo
ra sdn phdm kinh l l Tri thOc, thdng tin, NLST trd
thdnh mpt gid h-j coo hon cdc thdi trudc TO ddy
ndy sinh phpm trt «vdn ngudi*
3 V ^ n ngudi vd tfnh sdng tpo
ChOng to d i u bilt, c6 nhilu lopi vd'n tpo nln
n l n kinh t l : ddt dai, Idi chfnh, nguyin vdt li|u
thd, mdy m6e, nhd xudng, Trong qud trinh
tpo ra cdc sdn phd'm kinh t l , nhu cde nhd kinh
t i xuo noy dd ndi, khdng i h l ndo thilu y l u td
con ngudi Nhung « y | u td" ndy trd thdnh mdt
tho «vdn", nhu cdc vdn k l trSn, gpi Id «vdn
ngudi* («(human capital") thi mdi tdi nOo sou
t h i kf trudc mdi ed mdt ludn d i l m khoa hpc,
ludn diem ndy dupc vdn dyng vdo hopch djnh
vd h-iln khoi qud h'lnh phdt h-iln kinh t l xd hdi
(Gory S Becker, 1964) (3) Liln hi|p qudc dOng
vdo vi6c ddnh gid sy phdt triln kinh t l cdc nude
thdnh vlgn, thdng quo ehl sd Phdt triin ngudi
(HDI), gdm hidi thp, sOc khoi vd gido dye Ngdy
nay, «Vdn ngudi* do dupc hiiu khd rdng rdi Id
kho tri thi/c, trinh dd chuyin mdn (competence)
vd nhdn cdch tao n l n khd ndng kio ddng tdm
ro gid hi kinh t l Vdn ngudi Id mdt ehl sd quan
trpng trong ndng lye cpnh hranh cija tOng djo
phuong, vung vd ed nude Ngudn tpo nln vdn
ngudi Id gido dye vd kinh nghl|m thye hdnh
eOa ngudi kio d$ng N61 cdch iJidc, mudn cd
v6n ngudi phong phO, du mpnh d l ed t h i cpnh
tranh vdi cdc nudc khdc, | ^ d l ddu hr cho gido
dye vd cd mdi trudng loo ddng thudn Ipi, trpng
dyng con ngudi, tin ddng ngudi tdi, khuyin khfch
sdng too Vl t h i , chudn bj vdo t h i kf XXI, ede
nude d i u tdng cudng hon boo gid h i t ddu tu
todn d i l n cho gido dye (boo gdm cd ddo tpo),
h'ong dd rd't chO ^ d i n phdt huy tdi da nhdn td
eon ngudi, ddo tpo ngudn nhdn lye chd't lupng
coo (nliu Dpi hdi XI cOa Ddng ta da nlu) «Vdn
ngudi' Ird thdnh mdt nhdn td quon h-png bdc
nhd't trong «xa hdi tri thOc"
4 Tdm If hpc sdng tpo ddu tkti kl XXI
Budc vdo t h i kr XXI, cOng vdi nhOng thdnh
h/u khoa hpc, cdng n g h | , kinh t l , xa hdi vOa
trinh bdy d tren, TLH cOng cd sy vdn ddng nfidi
Tap chi filao due $6 2 8 5 (ki i - s/aoia)
Bin cpnh sy tilp ndi cdc ddng TLH truyin thdng, nhu TLH hopt ddng (nhd't Id hpc thuylt vdn hod
- ljch sO cOa L.X Vygotskl), TLH nhdn thuc, TLH
hdnh vi, TLH nhdn vdn, han th^p k! qua bdt
ddu hinh thdnh m^t sd'trdo luu mdi, nhu TLH tlchcvc, TLH gid tr}
Vdi nhOng If do h-lnh bdy h-ln, TLH sdng too
cd budc phdl h-iln ddt phd Ngdy nay, gidi TLH
cd nhdn thuc mdi v l vai trd cuo TLH sdng tgo (4)
NLST Id ddc dilm TL chi cd d con ngudi Uch sO nghiln cOu vdn d l ndy dd khd ldu; ddc bllt d i n
t h i kl XX, F.Goltan (1822-1911) dilm mdt ddu mdc budc ngodt, vd nf>dt thdi kl mdi sou dd gdn vdi tin hidi J.P.Guilford (1897-1987) Cdch ddy
vdi thdp ^l b i n cpnh vile do dpc cht sd IQ, chf
sd xuc cdm (EQ), cdc nhd TLH ddt ra ede thong
do chf sd sdng tpo (CQ), col sy thdng minh eOo
con ngudi d thdi dpi mdi phdl ed NLST (cdc Irnh
vyc khdc nhau, cdc mOc dd khdng ddng d i u , hiiu qud khdng gidng nhau ) TO dd, ed eo sd TL cCing CO sd xa hdi d l d l coo nhi|m vy phdi gido
dye hinh thdnh vd phdl h-lln NLST d hpc sinh
Mudn thyc hl|n myc tilu ndy, tdt nhUn, phdi quon tdm d i n NLST trong ndng lye su phpm cuo cdc nhd gido Thdi nay, hon boo gid hit, nhdn mpnh gido dye Id mdt gid hi dl liln vdi sy tiln hdo cOa lodi ngudi, vd gido dye Id mot nhdn td hdng ddu giup t h i h i h-1 tpo Idp, phdt hiln vd phdt huy gid
h^l bdn than (5) •
(1) Alvin Tofler " L i n song thO ba" (Nguyin V5n
Trung djch) NXB Thdng tin It ludn H 1992
(2) Peter Drucker The Effecttve Executive New York
1996
(3) Gary S Becker Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education Chicago, University Chicago Press; 1993 (4) Ph9m Thftnh Ngh) Gido trinh tiim li h9c sdng
tfo NXB D<fi HQC qud'c gia Hd N^i, 2012
(5) Ph^m Minh H^c Gid tri ii9c • cff si'll lufn g i p p h ^ dlk kit h$ gid tr{ chung cda nguM V i ^ Nam thd4 nay
NXB GidodifC Vi^tNam,H 2010; tr 175-182
SUMMARY
This article Is enttteled 'Creatf\dty capacity at ttie XXI Century'vi^ti is composing of (1) Information tech-nology (ft), (2) Knowledge Economy, (3) Human capi-tal as three main chc^acterlstics of New Century All of them require everybody at every worl<s to acflveiy developecreatlWy capacity Therefore, at New Time ffie Creativity Psychology is fXJssed In /he NewOevel-opmentPtKJse