MDT so Y KIBU VE C H i r m TRiniH, SACH GIAO KHOA MOni LjCH sir a TRUNG HOC PHO THONG O ThS BUI TH! O A N H '''' NhSm g6p phSn chuSn b| cho vl^c dSl m6l chuong trinh gl6o dvc m4n Ljch si} |LS) 6 THPT (h[.]
Trang 1MDT so Y KIBU VE C H i r m TRiniH, SACH GIAO KHOA MOni LjCH sir
a TRUNG HOC PHO THONG
O ThS BUI TH! O A N H '
NhSm g6p phSn chuSn b| cho vl^c dSl m6l
chuong trinh gl6o dvc m4n Ljch si} |LS) 6
THPT (h-ong t&ig th< dSl mdi chuong Wnh,
s6ch gl6o khoa (SGK) gl6o dvc ph6' ihAng sou
nam 20151, bdl ilit nSu m^t sai y klffn v4 vl^c
Ihlitt k(( chuong Mnh, bitn soqn SGK LS iheo
hudng hl^n dpi
1 M^t s<[ nil yi chuong Irlnh, SGK LS 6
THPT hl*n noy
lIMtlst'uudlimchlnh
a) Vi chuong trinh, mon IS 4 THPT hlfn n t y c6
hoi (iiuong trinh: chuong Irlnh tihuSn - dp dvng
d ^ vdt d^l tupng hpc sinh (HS) ban co bdn; chuong
trinh ndng cao - dp dyng vdl d£>l tu(?ng HS hpc
ban ndng coo theo Khoa npc xd hdi vd nndn vdn
- Chuong trinh caban du^c6u true nhu sou:
LS th« gidl (LSTGI 72 Net, LS VI8I Nam (LSVN) d7
till du?c bo trI d 3 kh^l Idp Trong dd: + Ldp 10:
LS t h i g i a (LSTG) 34 tlet/52 tilt; LSVN 18 t l l l / 5 2
tilt (1 tilt LSDP); + Ldp 1 1 : LSTG 23 l l l t / 3 5 till;
LSVN 12 t l l t / 3 5 Net (1 Hit LSDP); + Ldp 12: LSTG
15 t l l t / 5 2 tilt; LSVN 37 t l l t / 5 2 tilt (2 tilt LSDP)
Ddng chu y la v l ^ s^p x I p hop ll cdc ph^n
theo mpch kien thuc thdi glon giua LSTG vd LSVN
D i l m mdi nay giup HS d l theo ddi vd cd sv so
sdnh giua LSTG vdl LS ddn l^c
- Chuong trinh nang cao duoc c^u trOc gdm:
LSTG 109 tilt; LSVN 93 tilt dupc bd trf d 3 khd'l
kSp Trong dd: + Ldp 10: LSTG 2 d t l l t / 5 2 till;
LSVN 2d t l l t / 5 2 n i l (1 tilt LSDP); + Ldp 1 1 : LSTG
51 t i l l / 7 0 lilt; LSVN 19 t i l t / 7 0 tilt ( 2 lilt LSDP);
+ Ldp 12: LSTG 22 t l l t / 7 0 tilt; LSVN 4 8 l i l l / 7 0
tilt ( 2 n i l LSDP)
Nhin chung, mi>c d$ t h i hl^n n$1 dung mdn
hpc luong 66i phu hpp vdi 66\ tuong vd myc tl3u
gido dvc cap hpc, ddm bdo ydu cdu v l kiln thuc,
kr ndng Kien ihuc dupic c$p nh$t ddm bdo Hnh
khoa hpc, hi th£fng, hl|n dpi vd ihvc l i l n Tr^t h/
cdc mpch kiln thi>c hpp li, di h/ cdl chung, khdi
qudt d i n cdl rling, cdi cv t h i Vi$c s^p xep song
hdnh theo thdi gian giffa LSVN vdl LSTG ddp
i}ng dupc Hnh hi thffng, todn dl$n, glOp cho HS
cd cdl nhin bl$n chCmg v l mfil llSn hi giOa LSTG
vd LS ddn t^c (dua phfin LSVN Kr ngudn gifc d|n glCta i h l kl XIX vdo chuong Irlnh, ddy Id d i ^
mdi hodn todn so vdi chuong trinh trudc) ' '^^ \ \
Chuong trinh budc ddu dd t h i hl$n sv phO hppf glOo n$l dung vd thdl lupng, phCi hpp vdl d|nn hudng d j i mdi PPDH D f c bi|l, chuong Mnh ndng cao cdn cd phdn dpc thim, giOp gido viln ( Q j |
vd HS cd ihim thdng Hn d l Hm hiiu sdu hon v l : ^ ki|n LS; chuong h'lnh ca bdn dd cd sv gidm Idl v i
dung lupng Uin thuc (lodn hi phdn IS < ^ 4!(
dupc dua sang chuong hlnh k3J3 11) Vdt vi$c s &
x I p chuong Irlnh nhu nl$n nay, HS phdi v ^ dyng cdc kr ndng nhu quon sdt, ddnh gid, nhdn xit, so sdnh ; HS dupc Idm v l ^ nhilu hon hong qud hlnh Irnh h0i k i ^ thiic Tinh chinh i h l v l myc HSu gido dvc kiln ihuc cho HS dupc i h l h l ^ khd rd: giup HS nhdn bill quy l u ^ phdl hiln cuo xfi hli bdi ngudi quo cdc glal dopn LS Kr khi mdi xull
hi|n mi d i n nay Tfnh phdl h i l n v l m<il kr ndng
mdn hpc cung dupc cho hpng: cd sv i M n g nhdt ve Ihdi glon gluo LS ddn 1 ^ vd i h l gidi, cdn dll gIGo If thuylt vd thyc hdnh, ddm bdo Hnh khoa hpc vd phdl hien cdc kr ndng hpc t^p cho HS.„ j ,
D l tnvc hl^n lot y l u cdu gido dvc kiln lhi)c,.H
ndng cho HS, G V phdi cd k l hopch gidng am
cv I h l , Hm hiiu, nghlSn cuu lh$t klndi Akjj ^
h p c , s d p x l p , l v a c n p n k i l n thik m f l cdch hppl^ bgic, Kr dd cd PPDH phO hpp, phdt huy dupc Hiin Hch cvc, sdng tpo cOo HS N h u vdy, chuong hlnh mdi giOp G V chu d^ng hon hong ihvc hl§n
k l hopch gidng dgy, vOa ddm bdo mpc HIu gido dvc, vi>a bdo ddm thyc hl$n chuong Irlnh vd phO hpp vdl djo phuong, vdi d^l hjpng HS ' > j ;
hi Vi 5GK, iheo nh^n x ^ cOo GV, SGK min
LS d THPT dupc ddnh gid Id bp sdch v l ^ khd d m
Svd hodn chinh Sdch dupc c^u hue s 6 p ^
If, hlnh thuc hlnh bdy cdc chuong myc, mong lh£ng nhdt, cdc kinii hlnh, kinh chO phCl hpp vdl n$i dung; sv sdp x I p vd phdl hiln mach kl«i ihOc hpp If; ndi dung bdi hpc cd k^ cdu rd, c6 phdn chuyin mpch let H I thdng cdu hdi sou moi
'KfiMdKrtlUotM
Tap chi Giao due s6 2 8 5 cm i - »/aom
Trang 2kn6i quat, gi6m nhirng nhfin djnh mong linh dp
ddt, giup HS vd G V ndm duoc h-ong (am bdi hoc
Sdch cdn the hiSn tinh chinh xdc, hi^n dgi, c6p
nhgl k i ^ thuc: nhung thdnh h;u Ir&n Irnh vyc kinh
1^, Irnh w/c vdn hod, xa hoi N^i dung SGK the
hien vai trd Idm tdi lieu dinh hudng, h6 trt? cho
Knh tv hpc, ty tim hiiu cua HS gdp phan dd'i mdi
PPDH Cd'u hTjc giua phan LSTG vd LSVN duoc
d6u ngdn gon, giup HS tilp c$n bdi mdi d l ddng
hon HS th^ng cdu hdi trong sdch, d cdc tilu myc
trong bdi ro rdng, tot hon cho v i ^ HS chu^n bf
bdi, cung cd', dn tdp So vdi SGK cu, hlnh thuc vd
cdch trinh bdy cua SGK hlSn noy h<?p li, dep, ngdn
ngu tudng minh, trong sdng hon, gdp ph6n tqo
hung ihu cho vl§c dgv vd hpc cOa GV, HS
2) Mdt $d hgn chd Ddnh gid m$t cdch ting
thi, chuong trinh (co bdn, ndng coo) vSn cdn ndng,
ihl hi$n lupng d kiln ihuc nhilu, muc d$ y6u cdu
hpc d Krng Idp kpi rot it Day cungld nguySn nhdn
dSn d i n linh hang qud tdi, dm dom cua gloo dye
ndi chung vd mdn LS ndi rieng Nhieu bdi npl
dung qud bdc hpc, kiln thiic nhieu, khd hieu, kho
nhd (ldp 11 cd cdc bdi duoc nhdn x6t Id khd, gom:
bdi 3 , 4 , 7, 9, I d , 19, 20) Vf dy bdi I d (Idp 11):
Cdc nwSc Ddng Nom A giua hai cudc chiin hanh
thigldl (1918-1939} Bdi ndv duoc phdn bo'trong
chuong III ([^iSn IS thi gidl hien dgl\, chf vdi thdi
nhieu; k l ^ thuc Jiung ve Hnh hinh kinh t l , chinh
trj, xd hdi vd phong trdo gidi phdng ddn tdc d cdc
nudc Ddng Nam A , phong trdo gidi phdng ddn
Ipc d cdc nudc Indonesia, Ldo, Campochta, Xiem;
tem theo tdi 7 cdu hdi mang Knh hudng dan cuoi
Kjng myc vd 2 cdu hdi cuoi bdi
Tuy da chu ^ d i n ihyc hdnh, nhung nhin chuncj,
chuong trinh vSn cdn thiSn v l If thuyet, chua cdu
tpo thi/c hdnh mpt cdch ihda ddng, nhd't Id thyc
hdnh van dyng kiln thuc d l gidl ddp m$t s^ vd'n
de lign quan h'ong thyc t l cupc s^ng Ndi dung
chucmg hinh, SGK chO y l u Id LS chlln tranh, LS
chinh h-j; ndf dung LS vdn hod, kinh t l , dl^c biet
nhdn vdt LS chilm t i l ^ it vd mdnhgt Ndm 2 0 1 1 ,
thyc hfSn chO huong gidm tdi cOa Bp GD-DT,
chuong trinh cd sv cSt gidm mpt so' phfin, myc
Tuy nhidn, theo nhdn xet cuo G V vd cdn b$ qudn li
h> ca sd, vigc cdt gidm chuong trinh cdn mang Knh
co hpc, thilu Knh hS t h ^ , logic cua LS, vi vdy
gdy lung lOng cho G V vd HS Vf c/y: Chucmg IV:
Vlft Nam tff ndm 1954 din 1975 dd thyc Tiffen
Tgp chi Blao due s6 2 8 5 (ki i • s/aoia)
19d0; Chiin trann phd hopi cua d l qud'c MT ),
dieu ndy Ipi cd dnh hudng den tfnh \\%n tyc cua
cdc giof dopn LS ddn tpc
2 M $ t id y k i l n v i d^l mdi chuong trinh,
SGK mdn LS THPT
1} Nh^n thffc sdu sdc vi tdm quan trgng cua mdn LS d THPT trong vlic gdp phdn gido dvc aid trf truyin thdng cho thS'hi Iri Xu t h i
h^i nTidp, todn cdu hdo ddi hdi gido dye LS phdi dpt myc tiSu Idm cho t h i hS trfi tung budc ninh thdnh vCrng chde, dung d6n nhiJng gid trj truyin thd'ng LS ddn t ^ , qud huong Dd chinh Id nilm
tv hdo chdn chinh d i i vdl qud khu oaf hung eua
to tISn, dng cha minh, Idng bilt on doi vdf sy hi sinh cue cdc t h i h§ Hln bdl cho sy nghidp xdy dyng vd bdo v§ T l quoc, gin giu qud huong
N i l m Kn, Idng ty hdo, Idng bill on chdn chfnh s€ hlnh thdnh vd nudi dudng li tudng cdch mpng h-ong tdm tri t h i h§ tr6, gdp phdn ldm nln tdng Knh thdn d l t h i hd h-d thyc sy Id lye lupng cdch mpng tilp budc trdn con dudng xdy dyng vd bdo v§ To quoc Viet Nam xd hpi chu nghto Mdn LSvdi nhOng ddc h-ung ca bdn (npi dung kiln thue lidn quon den con ngudi, sy kffn, dja danh, dien biin LS dd dien ro trong qud khu) rd't
cd linh thuylt phye nguoi hpc; vi^e Km kilm tri thuc cOa ngudi hpc gdn Ifin vdi sy ddng cdm LS
- qua trinh hpc LS cung chinh Id qud Mnh thd'm thdu nhung gid trj nhdn vdn, nhdn bdn cuo nhdn loai, cuo ddn tdc Viec hpc tap LS nlu dupc to' chuc mpt cdch bdo ddm tfnh khoa hpc chuydn ngdnh, cd tfnh su phpm cao chde chdn se phdt huy hidu qud, ndng coo chd't lupng gido dye «ldm ngudi" cho t h i hd trd
2} Chuong h^inh, SGK mdn LS d THPT cdn dugc xdy dgng theo budng phdt huy ndng Igc
HS Chuong Wnh mdn LS d THPT Id bdn ihllt ke
long t h i v l hopt ddng qudn If, gidng day, hpc tdp,
to chuc gido dye v l L5, dupc cd'u true cd h'nh long the, bdo ddm Knh k>gic theo Kmg khdi Idp Chuong frlnh thilt kitheo hudng hien dpi cdn hudng ldi sy phdt h-iln ndng lye HS, budc ngudi day ^ d l id chijc, hu6ng ddn HS bilt cdch Km kilm, phdt hidn
nhi/ng gid trj tinh thdn tO ede sy ki^n, nhdn v ^ cy
cuo chuong trinh Id kho du l l ^ , thdng Kn Hnh gfdn, eo bdn, chudn xdc v l LS Trong qud Mnh hiong tdc su phpm d l HS bilt cdch si> dyng SGK vdo qud h'lnh linh hdi kfin ihuc
(Xem tiip trang 41}
.•
Trang 3cdn 16 chOc nhOng tinh hudng chuydn bi$t d l
phdt triln kiln thOc cho HS, theo nghlo cho phdp
HS vua lopi bd nhiJng kiln ihuc eu da trd thdnh
CN, vua kiln tao kidn thOc mdi
Trong day hpc todn d phd thdng, vf?c hllu ro sy
khdc bldt glOo cdc quan nf$m v l C N Id r^ cdn thilt,
vi mof quan n i ^ ddf hdi mdt cdch xdc djnh C N vd
cdch vupt qua C N khdc nhau; 10 dd, gfup gido vidn
fim dugc nnijng phuong phdp dpy npc phij hpp
nhdm gfup HS d l ddng vupt qua cdc Q J Q
(1) Trln Vu Dtic Khdi ni(m tiip tuyin • M^t nghiin
aiu khoa hgc lu4n vd su phrfm Lu|n vfin tot nghidp
Truong D(u tipc stf ph^ni TP H 6 Chi Minh, 2004
(2) Brouseau.G Les obstacles epistemologiques et ia
didactique des mathimatiques Public dans
Construction des savoirs, Obstacles et Conflits,
MontT6al; Canada 1986
(3) Bessot.A - Comiti.C - Le Thi H o i i ChSu - LS
(sach song ngii Phap - Vi^t)- NXB Dgi hgc qudc
gia TP Hd Chi Minh, 2009
professeurs & propos de la notion de continuite d 'une
Quebec, 1998
(5) Duroux.A Le vaieurabsolue: difficultis majeures
pour une notion mineure Publications de I'IREM de
Bordeaux, 1982
Tiki ll$u tliam khSo
1 Perrin.P Prenons le tangente avant de diriver
Histoire d'infini - Acies du 9 ^ colloque Inter-Irem Epistemologie et histoire des mathematiques, Edition del'IremdeBest, 1992
2 Nguyin Thj Phuong Mai Quan ni$m cHa gido viin
Didactic to&n, Tru6ng D^i hpc sir ph(im TP H 6 Chi Minh 2005
SUMMARY
This article Is about n\e difference between the conception of otxtacles by Piaget's adaptk>n and the concep^n ofotxtacl^ by French dlddctkikxv represented by Guy Brousseau This writing Indicates the characteristics wNch can be used to distinguish ttie overcoming of obstacles and Piaget's adaptton
as well as It's application into teaching mathematics and didactical researches
Mot SO y kien ve chuimg trinh,
(Tlip theo trang 37}
3} Di xudi dfnh hudng xdy dgng chuong
iHnh, biSn sogn SGK mdn LS d THPT Thyc hidn
Nghj quylt Dpi hpi XI cua Ddng, Bd GD-DT h i ^
dang chi dpo v i ^ xdy dyng cntrong trinh, SGK
gido dye phd thdng sou 2015, vdi Knh thdn diuyin
lu hudng H ^ c$n ndi dung dpy hpc song hudng
tilp cdn ndng lye ngudi hpc Tuc td xudt phdt tu
ndng lye md m5l HS cdn cd h'ong cudc sdng (gdn
phuong phdp kilm h-a, ddnh gid deu pndf ddp
ling nhu cdu phdt h-iln khd ndng cOa cdc ddi tupng
HS Yi vdy, hwig qud trinh xdy dyng diuong hinh,
bidn sopn SGK mdf, cdn quon tdm tdi h'nh nin
hing chung (mdt mdt bdng kiln thOe LS co bdn,
Idm nln tdng d l gfdo dye Idng ydu qud huong,
ddt nudc), c^ng mdi phdi chu y den phdn k^
thuc h/chgn, cd Knh chuwdn sdu, ndng cao vd vdn
dyng dilu k l ^ vOng, mien Chuong hinh se khdng
ndng ve cung cdp kiln thuc md h ^ nln kiln thOc,
rin l u y ^ cdc Iff ndng phdn flch, ddnh gid, so sdnh,
phdt hiln ndng lye gidl quylt vdn dd, phdt ft-iln
ndng luc h/ hpc cOo HS
Hl#n nay, SGK vfin dupc coi Id Idl l l ^ gidng
dqy cOa G V vd hpc Kto cOa HS - Id sy cd dpng
nliong k l ^ ihOc vdl ;>' do su phpm t ^ nhdl; dya vdo
Tap chi filao dye so 2 8 5 oa i - g/aom
dd, GV ed thi md rdng, cdp nhdt, bd sung thdng
Kn, Idm cy thi hda mdt vdn d l ndo d6 cOa IS Doi vdl HS, SGK cung khdng phdi Id tdi l i ^ duy nhdl, nhung ddy sd Id nhOng thdng tin LS cd Knh chfnh
h i ^ IS Mpt dieu rat ddng luu ^ Id k l ^ ihOc LS Ipi khd hrOu hipng, ndn khi Udn soon SGK cdn bdo ngi^ chudn xdc, gidu hlnh dnh, ddp Ong nhu cdu
hvc quon trong hpe t^p LS cOa HS THPT Q
Tai lif u tliam kliio
1 VSn kifn Dal h$i d^i bieu Ddog toan q u ^ l4n thli^
XI NXB Chinh trj qudc gia Sif th$t, H 2011
2 Ki y^u HQi thao D6i mdi cdn bdn, todn di$n n^n
gido difC Vi^tNam Vi$n Khoa hoc giao d^c Vi^t Nam,
thing 11/2011
3 Tai Ii$u Hyi thao Chuong trinh gidodifc phd thdng
Bd GD-DT thang 1/2012
4 Ki ySu HOi thao Sdch gido khoa thi kl XXI • Kinh
nghifm thi gidi, thuc tiin Vi^tNam NXB Gido difC Vi(t Nam phoi hpp vdi Ban Tuyin gido Trung uong,
thang 2/2012
SUMMARY
The article Introduces some initial opintons con-cerr^ designing sy»<Axjs,comf^»)gt&dt)0<:^ of t^-ration of History s)^labus renewal at upper secondary level (in the total renewal of syllabus and textbook of general education afterSOlS)
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