PHf B i i VAN HOG Nil OUYIN VA VKC Dll A TAG PHAM VAN HDC NKOC NGDAI Vi t l BiNG TliNG ANH TON VINH N G i PHU Nil VAO GIANG BAY TIING ANH Q ThS NGUygN THI Q U V N H H O A '''' Phdn bidt gldl Id m$t hlin[.]
Trang 1PHf B i i VAN HOG Nil OUYIN VA VKC Dll A TAG PHAM VAN HDC NKOC NGDAI Vitl BiNG TliNG ANH TON VINH N G i PHU Nil VAO GIANG BAY TIING ANH
Q ThS N G U y g N THI Q U V N H H O A '
Phdn bidt gldl Id m$t hlin togng xd hdl rdt
phd bidn d nhldu nol h i n thd gldl Didu ndy
dd Idm gldm dl sy h/ tin cffo ngudi phy nff
vd Idm dnh hudng ddng kd tdl cdc hogt ddng xd
hdt cOo hg VI vdy, p h i binh vdn hgc nff quydn
ds ro ddi gtffp ddnh gid dffng mOc hinh dnh cOo
ngudi phy nff hong xd hdl
1 Phi binh vdn hge nff quydn nghlin effu vd
cdch md vdn hgc (vd ede sdn phdm vdn hdo khde)
tdn vinh hodc tdm md dl htnh dnh cOo ngudi phy
nff trong ede iTnh vyc nhu: kinh id, ehfnh hj, vdn
hda, xd hdl vd tdm tf (1) Nhu vdy, p h i binh vdn
hgc nff quydn Id mdt phdn cOa thuydt binh ddng
gldi 1 ^ cd thd duge sff dyng dd p\\Qn tfch hinh
dnh ngudi phg nff hcMig vdn hgc
Tff cudi nhffng ndm 19dO vd ddu nhffng ndm
1970 da ed r^ nhleu cdc nhd p h i binh nff quydn
Trong d6, Abrams (1993) (2) dd duo ro bdn
nguyin If cffa vdn hgc nu quydn nhu sou:
1) Vdn minh phuong Tdy td ndn vdn minh phg
quydn h^m gidl ddng vol hd trung tdm, phy nff
phdl phg thude vdo nam gldl hong mgl tfnh vyc
nhu: glo dinh, tdn gido, chfnh tri, kinh td, ludt
phdp vd cd nghd thudt
2) Cdc khdl nldm vd gkSi cdng ngdy cdng hd
nin phd bidn, nhung do dnh hudng cffo ndn vdn
hdo phy quydn md ngudi phy nff ehuo thyc sy
btnh ddng vdl nam gldi
Rd rdng, sy thlin Idch vd gidl hong nhldu ndm
quo dd ed dnh hudng Urn khdng cht vdo cdch md
xd hdl nhln nhdn vd nff gldi md bdn thdn nhffng
ngudi phy nff eung m^c cdm, h/ tl vd hg Thyc td,
mdt tdc gid nff gldu tin dd ndl: m^c du tol thfch
cdng v l ^ vidt Idch to khi edn tho du, nhung rd't
khd cho tol dd nhdn minh Id nhd vdn vl xd hdl dd
xdc dinh vj hf cffa tol vd didu dd do dn sdu trong
ldm hf cua tdl Thdm ehf, sou khi dd xudt bdn
duge nhldu cudn sdch vd tdl duge ndl Id: «bgn Id
Tgp chi filao due so 2 9 6 pa a - lo/aoia)
nhd vdn", nhung tdl thdt sy vdn ehuo sdn sdng dd cdng nhdn sy thdt ndy (3)
3} Tu todng phy quydn eung xudt hldn phd
bidn hong cde tee phdm vdn hgc ldn duge vidt bdl cde nhd vdn nam vd n§l dung thudng cht phdn dnh vd nam gldi
4) Cdc gu thdm mT huydn thdng vd cde tliu
ehf dd phdn tfch, ddnh gid cdc tee phdm vdn hge ddu duge eho Id ehl ddnh eho nam gldl Minh chffng cho quon nldm hiu eye h i n Id: nhldu tde gid nff ldl ndng hong xd h$i phy quydn khdng duge chdp nhdn hong gldl vdn hge Thdm chf cdc nhdn v^t nff hong cdc toe phdm vdn hgc
eung bj md td mio md, khdng dOng vdl sy thdt
Hay hong ihdl Victoria (nude Anh), cdc tec gid nff khdng thd xudt bdn h6e phdm cOo hg ndu khdng
\ay hot danh cOo nam gldl (1)
Nhln chung, phdn bl^t gldl dd gdy ro hdu qud khdng nhd: ldm gldm ngudn sue mgnh nhdn lye cOo mgt nffo thd gldl; ldm gldm dl sy h; tin cOa ngudi phy nff; ldm mdt df vol hd to ldn cOo
hg trong glo dinh vd xd h$l
Bdt binh ddng vd If glffo gidl nam vd gldl nff
da Igo ro mdt sy phdn Ong mdnh ll^t to chfnh nhihig ngudi phy nff vd ede nhd p h i binh gldi
Hg ddu honh cho quydn binh ddng cOo ngudi phy nff, nhdm ldm thoy ddl quon nldm cOo xd hdl cho rdng, phy nff kim hon nam gldl vd nhidu mdt nhu: thd chdt, hinh ddng, cd'u true co thd, cht
sd thdng minh, tdp ludn logic, vd toi Idnh dgo
" Ngdy noy, chOng to ed thd t h ^ ro vd sy phdn ffng cffo ede nhd p h i binh gidi Hg dd sff dyng vdn hge vd cdc sdn phdm vdn hdo khde mdt edeh hidu qud dd p h i phdn ede quon dldm Igc hdu vd thldu khoo hge khi ndl vd phg nff trong xa hdl phg quydn Theo Kesselmon (1999), hong vdng
2 0 ndm quo, dd ed hdng nghln cudn sdch vd ede 'TnMniilTiliQcVMIiodHdll^i
Trang 2thffc ddng suy nghteO vd bdt ddu mdt quon nldm
mdl Hinh dnh ngudi phy nff dd duge ton vinh, vj
thd mdl cOo hg ddn duge xd hdl khdng djnh
Thdng quo cde logi hinh vdn h6a, hong d6 c6
cde tec phdm vdn hge, hinh dnh tdt d^p cOo ngudi
phy nff da duge tgo dyng mdt cdch chdn thyc
2 Di gdp phdn eung vdn hgc nff quydn vd xu
thd Hdn bd xd hdl ngdy noy, tec gid bdl vidt ndy,
hong qud hinh dgy hgc dd chgn tec phdm vdn
hge nude ngodl vidt bdng tidng Anh (TA) t6n vinh
ngudi phy nff vdo gidng dgy, quo dd gIffp sinh
vlin (SV) Hdp cdn vdl ngdn ngff hong tec phdm
vdn hgc to bdn gdc TA (khdng qua bdn djch)
Vide hge vd phdt hldn TA do d6 rdt hidu qud; SV
ddng thdi duge ndng eoo nhdn thffc vd gldl vd
binh ddng gldl
Vide sff dgng cdc bdl dge vdn hge nude ngodl
vidt bdng TA nhu Id mdt ngudn tol lldu bd sung
dd ndng coo khd ndng ngdn ngff TA vd cdc tO"
ndng cho hgc vlin vfin cdn Id mdt vdn dd gdy
nhldu honh cdl Theo Selden (1989), ngdn ngff
gloo tldp hdng ngdy duge su dgng cho cdc hdnh
ddng gloo tldp, hong Idil dd n g ^ ngff hong vdn
hgc khdng ffng dyng duge nhldu vd don gldn cht
ldm cho chung ta ed mgt cdl nhln khdc md thdi
Tuy nhlin, Collie vd Slater (1987) tgl cht ro duge
k^i fch cOo cdc tee phdm vdn hgc hong qud hinh
hge ngdn ngff: diung eung cdp tol tl^u sdt thyc,
bd tch, gdp phdn Idm phong phO kldn thffc vdn
hdo vd ngdn ngff Sage (1987) cung ddng tinh
vdl quan dldm hin, dng eho rdng: ngudi hgc
duge t l ^ cdn vdl cdc chldn luge gloo Hdp duge
sff dyng trong vdn hgc nhldu hon nhffng tol lldu
dgy TA thdng thudng khde
Mdc do ed nhimg y k l ^ khdng ffng hd v l ^ sff
dgng ede tec phdm vdn hgc hong Idp hgc ngogi
ngff nhung k^i fdi cOo nd td khdng thd phO nhdn
Thdng quo tec phdm vdn hge, hgc vlin ed cdl
nhln thdu ddo vd ngdn ngff mye Hiu, vd'n ngdn
ngff hd nin phong phu hem Ngodl ra, ngdn ngff
vdn hgc cdn kfeh thfch ht h/dng lugng cuo hge
vlin, phdt hldn ede kT ndng tdp tudn nhu td m$t
phdn dd gldl quydt cdc vd'n dd duge niu hong
bdl hge
Mdt hong nhffng tee phdm vdn hge nude
ngodl vidt bdng TA md tee gid chgn gidng td
«Kif)/ me vdng nhd" - Longing cffa nhd vdn Ldo
•-vd mdt ngudi m? Ldo cd nhldu dffc ttnh tdt dpp: khlim tdn, gidn dj, Hnh cdm, khdng ldng pht vd nghlim Kie vdl mgl vide M9 tdm cdng vide n^l
hg M? khdng cht chdm sdc chdng eon mdt cddi chu ddo md cdn dgy cdc con rdt cdn thdn hong tong vl$c nhd Tudl tho cOo mp thdt vdt vd, hdng
ngdy sou gid hgc, m? phdl ra vudn hdl rou park
lamnln rdl mong ra chg bdn, ddnh Hdn muo sdch
bfft vd phy glup bd ngogi Mdc dO dd ldp glo
dinh, cd bdn con vd sdng d Vientiane, ngudi mf eOng khdng quin bdn phdn ldm eon phdl chdm sdc ngudi cha gid dm ydu b| bdnh d vOng ndng thdn Pokse Tdt cd nhffng phdm chdt tdt d^p cue ngudi m? dd cd dnh hudng sdu sdc ldl cdm xOc, suy nghl cOo cde con vd ngudi m? duge cdc con ihuong nhd vd vdn khi bd dl xo
Tde phdm phdn dnh cudc sdng thay ddl cue ngudi Ldo sou cdch mgng Mdt trong nhffng thoy ddl dd Id «cdl nhln' cOo xd hdl vd ngudi phy nff Bin cgnh dd, edu chuydn duge ehgn dd gidng dgy TA eho SV edn vl mdt sd uu dldm sou:
1} Ngdn ngff V nhlin, gldn d) vd gdn gOl
vdl cudc sdng thudng ngdy Cdu chuydn nh? nhdng duo ngudi dge ddn vdl hinh togng ngudi m? (ngudi phy nff) - chdn thyc nhu bdng xuong bdng thjt
M9 dl xa duge hon m^t thdng nhung W cdm tftiy dudng nhu mp di han mdt ndm ril Mudl ndm trvdc, m?
da tOng di thdm dng m^t ISn, ldl cOng nhd mang mdng Id
mf dl khdng Idu Sdo j^tof quin 60 mp thudng dOngii phoi quin 60 soo md tring trdl thi Ddf d6p qi»n ihu^c
md mf dl dig hay sang dial nhd hdng xdm dd IdtOng thiynOa Cdldiilqu6tnhdmphaydidg6cr^diqiill bvl dd khdng cdn A drB cO, mf di/ng nd Itn cOng HgiO khdng cho nd bf gOy
(Molhar had been gone hr a month now, but It seemed Ilka a year to me Another time, fen years ago, j / » had visited GiuitdhHmi atJ I (tindyrwnm^mvd that Aehadn't stayed away forveryhngHten, The bamboo pole on v^idi Mother ragukirfy dried her laurtdry remained empty Tht i/wes that s/ie liked to wwor to market or to visit w*A rf» nel^bors were no kmger there The broom ihat Mother ahne Iliad lo stand In the comer upslde-dcrvm to preverilt from bending was nof In Its usutd resting place)
Truydn cffng phdn dnh mdt khfa cgnh khdc cOa ngudt phy nff hong x5 hdl hldn dgl Id ddn ly khdng djnh minh: dju ddng, nhdn nhjn hong mgl
Tap chi fil^o due s6 2 9 6 (k> a - lo/aoia)
Trang 3quydt Chdng hgn: «NSly Id chuydn quan Inpng thl mf
khdng dS chlu, mf ndl vd tranh ludrt din cOng dibao v$
quan dlim cOa minh d$'n khi binhf tiing thi thdi'{if It
was an Important matter, she would argue till she was
red and blue In the Face to prove her point, until Father
softened his voice)
2) Tfnh nhdn vdn sdu sdc Hinh dnh ngudi
phy nff vdl nhffng phdm chd't coo quy duge tdn
vinh h o n g tec phd'm thdt xOe ddng: - «Mf vd vOng
qu5 nghio Pokse xo xdl di chdm sdc cha gid hf b$nh
hiu dudng Vd mf vlil thu ndl r6ng, vdn chua blit ngdy
quay trdvSvi Hnh trgng sue khde cua dng vdn cht/a Idt
/fin' [Mother iiad returned to Pokse lo take care oF
Grandfather He was very old and sick with diabetes
Mother wrote that she didn't know v^en she could return
becouse GrondFather's condition hod not improved),
-Mf muo rau pakse tamnin ihudng xuydn, mSl I6n mdt
hal md, dn hay khdng mf vSn mua di diy rdl nhliu I6n
nd bl hdng vd p/idf vOt dl (Chi c6 duy nhit dliu ndy Id
mf fdidng ^i/c ht^n duge nhu chs'd^ tlit kl^m cua mf)
( There was one indulgence she allowed herself, and
that was to buy one or two bundles of pakse tomnin
whether we were going to eat it or not Mony times, it
would just rot away) M e ldm nhu vgy Id de nhde
nhd tadn thdn khdng q u i n nhffng ngdy n g h i o
khd thdi tho d'u Oleu ndy ldm to n h d tdl vdn
hdo euo ngudi V l i t N a m : dn nghdo nhd kho
-ggl Igl nhung ngdy glon khd d d sd'ng tdt d e p
hon
3) Q u a v l i c hgc tde p h d m , SV hinh thdnh ^
tudng tgo d y n g m d t x d h g l vdn m i n h , binh
ddng g l d l , d d n g thdi phdt trlen nhffng chldn
luge gloo Hep ffng xff (thdng quo bd'l cdnh «Khi
me vdng nhd")
4) Vd mdt hgc thudt, SV c6 co hdl thyc hdnh
cdc Hnh toTA ehf phdm chd't, tinh net cuo ngudi
me ( n g u d i p h y n u ) : shy, humble, frugal,
concerned ; hge duge Id'l vidt so sdnh bdng hinh
dnh sinh dgng v d ldl kd gldu cdm xOe: - Tiing
mdng vd fling than cua me nhu Idl phuc khuydn
Tdl nghT ring duge nghe tiing than mdng h/ mp
con lit han Id khdng nghe thiy tleng gi {Her
nagging o n d complaining v/ere like a voice from
heaven 1 would rather heor her nagging thon not
hear her at all); - Tdi tin ring, euge ddl md
khdng ed me thi h-ing trdi blet bao, nhu eon chim
non vdl ddl cdnh yiu bj gid thil boy khdi l i
Tap chi filao due so 2 9 6 (ki a • lo/aoia)
must be terribly empty, like o llFe of a little bird with weak wings who Is blown out of his nest by
0 shong wind)
N h u vdy, ngodl tfnh nhdn vdn, tde phdm glup
SV tldp c$n vdl ngdn ngff mgc t l i u Hnh td vd phi chudn trong vdn hge
Vl§c g l d l lhl$u p h i binh vdn hgc nff quydn
vd dua tde phd'm vdn hgc nude ngodl vidt b d n g
TA vdl eho dd tdn vinh ngudi phg nff vdo g i d n g dgy TA, theo ngudi vidt Id «con d u d n g " thudn lol d d ldm phong phu t h i m ngdn ngff mgc H i u cua SV, cung ed'p mgt eo sd khoo hge glup hg nhln nhdn m^tcdch khdch quon vd gldl vd binh
d d n g g l d l , tff d d g d p phdn thue d d y H i n b$
xa hdl a
(1) Tyson, L Critical Theory Today Feminist
CrUicism Garland, New York, 1999
(2) DiYanni, R Literature Readhig nctlon, Poetry,
and Drama (5'" ed) McGraw • Hill Companies, 2002
(3) Kesselman, A & McNair, D & Schniedewind, N
Woman Images and Realities Mayfield Publishing
Company, 1999
(4) Bounheng, I & Daniel, D (Eds.) Mother's
Beloved University of Washington Press, 1999
Tai li^ti tham khtto
1 Colli, R & Slater, S Literature in the Language
Classrooms Cambridge University Press, 1987
2 Peplau, L A & DeBro, S C & Veniegas, R C St Taylor, P L Gender, Culture, and Ethnic!^ Current
Research About Women and Men Mayfield
Publishing Company, 1999
3 Sage, H Incorporating Literature in ESL
Literature Language in Education: Theory and
1987
4 Selden, R A A Reader's Guide to Contemporary
Literature Theory Harvester Wheat sheaf, 1989
SUIrilriARY
Feminist critk:ismpk:iys an irr^xxtantrole In the strug-gle for gender equality, so It should be promoted widely The Introduction of the foreign literary work written hEngl^ to tionorttie woman In En^lshteacti-tively about gender and gender equality CBXJ thereby promoting social justice ond civilization At the same time It brings certain iDeneflts such as academic ton-guages language application, communication strat-egies and Intellectual devek>fxnent