CHONGKHO vqc, KHO viira HOC SINH MOT S6 DIEU GIAO VIEIU CAN QUAN TAM Q NGUYEN TH| HA N l '''' 1 H l in noy, m^c dO t r i bj ihiiu ndng hgc tdp (TNHT) chldm gdn nuo sd h i bj tdt, song dgng thldu ndng ndy[.]
Trang 1CHONGKHO vqc, KHO viira HOC SINH
MOT S6 DIEU GIAO VIEIU CAN QUAN TAM
Q N G U Y E N TH| H A N l '
1 H l i n noy, m^c dO t r i bj ihiiu ndng hgc tdp
(TNHT) chldm gdn nuo sd h i bj tdt, song dgng
thldu ndng ndy Igl bj hidu sol m^t cdch phd bidn
Cd bdn Hiu chf chO ydu dd edn nhde xem cd phdl
h i bj TNHT hoy khdng Tliu chf thff nhd't I l i n quon
ddn sy khdng Hidng nhdt glffo chf sd Hidng minh
vd thdnh Hch hgc tdp Didu ndy ed nghlo Id, h i
khong dgt duge h i t Hdm ndng khi duge hdc dgt
bdl mdt hdc nghldm IQ t l i u chudn Cdch huydn
thdng trong do ludng sy khdng Hid'ng nhdt dd
nhdm so sdnh todl hf to§ (mental age) Hiu duge to
mdt hdc nghldm hf Hidng minh vdl hinh dd hrong
duong thu duge to mgt hdc n g h l i m thdnh qud
hge tgp t l i u chudn Trude ddy, khdc b l i t khodng
to hoi ndm h d t i n d d Hiudng dO ehl ro mdt dgng
TNHT Tuy n h l i n , hong oud hinh gido dye mgt
h i em, hoi ndm dudi hinfi d d kl vgng Igl khdng
quan hgng d d nhin nhdn mgt edeh cdng bdng
Do d d , nhidu cdng thue dde blet dd duge phdt
hldn nhdm dong g 6 p vdo cong v l i c ddc Hiu ndy
6 mgl cd'p hgc Tuy vdy, do mdt sd cdng thue bf
sol sdt vd mdt thdng k i , cdng t h i m mgt sd vdn de
ve If thuydt, h l i n noy dong ndl l i n mgt euge honh
ludn cdm sff dung sy khdng Hid'ng nhd't glffo chf
sd thdng minh vd Hidnh tich hoc tdp nhu Hiu chf
nhdn dgng TNHT
Bo Heu ehf nffa phdl ed nhdm su dyng thudt
ngu TNHT, boo gdm: 1) Khd Ididn trong hgc dgc,
Viet, Idm todn, hodc ndl; 2) Khd khdn hgc idp
Widng do chdm phdt Min Mtue, khiem thj, khiem
thfnh, cdc bd't hi vi mdl trudng, hay rol loan xue
cdm; 3) /Cftd it/idn hgc tdp do bat thudng v4 chi/c
ndng h$ than kinh trung uong Ndl cdch khdc,
gdc r l gdy ro TNHT ndm d slnli If hge Hidn kinh
Mdt hong nhffng dgng TNHT ddc Hiu Id chffng
khd dgc, khd We>(KD, KV) Thdng ke gdn ddy chf
ro chffng KD, KV dnh hudng to 10 d i n 20% ddn
sd (1) Hleu mdt edeh ehung nhdt: «CAffng KD,
KV Id mgt dgng phuc hgp cdc thiiu ndng ihdn
kinh Idm hgn chi khd ndng nhin dl$n bliu tugng,
xt/ If vd ding hda ngdn ngd cd trinh h/' (Hdy
hinh dung khd khdn md bgn cd Hie mdc phdl hong
Tap chi Blao due s6 2 9 6 ck* a • io/aoia)
hge tdp ndu xff ll bldu tugng M ^ O bdng cdch Idy
ra hinh dnh vd lodl m i o ua thfch, ndo bgn ldn ndy Igl nhdn tfn hl0u v6 nghta nhu ' & # vd ldn khdc Igl cd Hid Id O t M )
Mdt luu y quon hgng Id chffng KD, KV xdy ra
lien h^c, nghTa Id hudng hqp ndy rdt khdc hudng
hgp klo, vd ed Hid ft khd khdn hon hong mdt hudng hgp khdc
2 M d t v d l g g l y eho g i d o v l i n (GV) khi
d g y hge sinh (HS) bj chffng KD, KV Nhdn dgng HS Id budc ddu t l i n G V cdn Hdn hdnh khi Idm v l ^ vdl HS bj TNHT ddc Hiu Ro rdng Id, h i cdng sdm duoc nhdn dgng thi cdng sdm duge hfi h g ddl phd vdl chffng TNHT n i n se gldm khd ndng thdt bgl I l i n Hdp, tdm h g n g Hid't vgng vd nhffng h i qua tdm li m i o md sau ndy Cdn nhd rdng, khdng boo g i d n i n chdn dodn chung KD, KV d h i trudc 7 todl bdl v i , d mdt sd
h i , cd nhffng kT ndng phdt hlen chdm hon nhung
h i thong Hiudng Vf d g , khd ndng hodn vj cdu to, hinh dnh, cd the phdt hlen binh thudng sou do todl ndy Bin cgnh d o , khi GV Id mdt hong nhung ngudi odu Hen thdy cdc ddu h l i u cOo chffng KD,
KV, hg cd thd khdng phdi Id ngudi chdn dodn ddng Hn cdy nhd't Chdn dodn chfnh thffc phdl duge Hen hdnh bdl mgt nhd tom li hgc duge ddo tgo chuyin sdu ve chd'n dodn cde chOng TNHT Tuy n h l i n , GV eo thd glff vol h d ngudi gldl thleu phu hgp nhdt hong cdc klem h a nhu vdy Trin co
sd ndm rd nhung cdnh bdo hen, GV cdn quon sdt mgt sd ddc diem ndl bdt sou: 1) Mot so kT ndng dge k i m xo cdc bgn cung hgc md khong bidt rd nguyin d o ; 2) Thudng x u y i n hidu nguge
to bode ehff cdl (vf dg: b vd d; min vd nim); 3)
Chff Viet rd't khd dgc; 4) Nhdm Ifin b i n phdi vd
b i n hdl vd khdng cd khuynh hudng ro rang hong
dung toy ndo thudn; 5) C6 ngudi thdn hong glo
dinh cung dgc kern md khdng bidt rd nguyin d o ; 6) Td ro vgng vd vd non ndt so vdl cde ogn cOng lua todl; 7) Nhdm lan hong phdn bl$t cdc khdl
' HQC viti cao l i ^ Gido duc Mc - HQC viM Chlnh h j
Trang 2nldm nhu «/Sn" «xuin^ hodc «hdm quct
-«ngdy mar; 8) Mdc nhffng Ifil phdl dm kl d); 9)
E)dc bidt khd khdn hong hgc vd ghl nhd to naff
hodc bldu tugng In; 10) Gdp rde rdl vdl tdp ihd
vd gidl quydt nhffng nhidm vg hoy thyc hldn cdc
ehl dfin don gldn; 11) Hge ndl mudn hon cdc
bgn eung Iffa todl
3 M d t sd bidn phdp trong dgy hgc trd mdc
chffng KD, KV
1) Cho H-i duge /r/ Iliu dge Nhldu nghiin
cffu gdn ddy chf ro rfing phuemg phdp phdt dm
dung dde bidt hffu hidu vdl chffng KD, KV
2) Sd di/ng phuong tlin hi hg thay thi, nhu
mdy vl tfnh, s i cho phip HS bj mdc chffng KD,
KV thd hldn y todng eOo minh md Ididng phdl lo
nggl ede vdn dd kr thudt nhu chfnh to vd chff vidt
3) DOng sdch ndl (sdch duge dgc Hiu vdo
bdng), phim dnh hfi trg gido eg In dn
4) DOng ldl Iliu ddnh mdy khi In ldn'thay vi
tdl Iliu vlil tay
5) Nhd HS H-ong Idp tham gla vlit bSng
gliy than
Ddi vdl nhffng trudng hgp mdc chffng KD, KV
cd hdl chffng thj gidc nhgy cdm hong odng tdl
(khodng 50% ngudi mdc chffng KD, KV bj hdl
chffng n ^ ) , hdv sff dyng mdt kfnh mdu (Hnted
glasses) hoQc kfnh dnh phim d i n ehldu hdt
(overhead honsporency) Vdl nhdm trudng hgp
ndy, s i khd khdn khi igc ede iDude sdng dnh sdng
nhdt djnh (ddy td vdn dd hi gidc ndl chung ehff
khdng phdl td vdn dd Htj aide), bdng mdt kfnh
mdu hcJde kfnh dnh phim d i n ehldu hdt, ddl vdi
nhidu ngudi mdc chffng KD, KV, hg s i thdy binh
thudng khi to ngff In h i n mdt trang Hioy vt nhdy
vdng quonh hodc xdo md hong g l ^ Q
Tdi li^u tham khdo
1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia
2 http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/
learning_problem/learning_disabili ties.html?
tracking=K_RelatedArticle
3 http://www.ecademy.com/node.php7ids41318
4 Tan Oon Seng Educational Psychology: A
Practitioner - Researcher Approach (An Asian
Edition), Thomas Learning Inc., Singapore, 2003
SUMMARY
Based on criteria for Identifying dysieida, a
com-plex ofneurc^gk:c^ cMaMitles ttiat lr)tiS3it symbol
rec-ognition and the orderly proc^slng and ossfrnto/fon
of language, tt^ paper recommends some (mp/fc«>
tlons for cias^aom teachers to work wtth dy^&dc
stu-dents in order to help them ieam better
May van deve phat trlen
(Tlip thea H-ang 22)
vidt Id sogn thdo vdn bdn) Nhffng quy djnh trong chucmg trtnh d8 nhdn thdy mong nghla thff nhdt: cht ehO trgng chudn bj cho t r i nhffng thoo tde b i n ngodl vd edn qud ft chudn bj eho
t r i nhffng thoo tdc b i n trong (hdnh ddng hf tud) cd tlin quon ddn dgc vidt
3) Chua cd nhliu cdc nghlin cuu tinh vi/cf^
triin khd ndng TD-V hjil MN[t\god\ tudn dn Tidn
sT cua Phon Thj Lan Anh: tNghlin edu vi vlic si>
di/ng trd chol di phdl Irlin khd ndng TD-V Iri 5-6 hjir vd mdt sd ludn vdn thge sT khdc) VI vdy,
rdt cdn ed nhldu nghlin effu hon nffo tdm chfi dyo eho cdc nhd sogn thdo chuong hinh, qudn If gido dye M N ddi mdl, bd sung ede ndl dung diuon bj khd ndng TD-V vdo chuong hinh auy <^nh cho o6c
dd ludl Bin cgnh dd, cdn xdc ^ n n mdt sd hudng nghlin cffu hong iTnh vyc ndy nhu: thldt kdvd tchol Hide mdl hudng ehff vidt hong hudng M N dd phdt hldn khd ndng TD-V cho h i ; nghlin cffu hd ihdhg sdch, truydn honh, cdc sdn phdm In dn ddnh rling cho h i cdc dd todl; ffng dgng cdng nghd thdrtg Hn vdo vl^c etio h i Idm quen vdl chff v l ^ ; ctti) trgng cde dd tdl nghlin effu ndl dung, phuong phdp chu&
bj khd ndng TD-V hudng vdo cde hdnh d^ng hf tod b i n hong cOo t r i (nhu dge hidu vdn bdn, soi;m vdnbdn, ).a
Tdi lifu tham khdo
1 Phan Thj Lan Anh SA dfing trd choi nhdm phdl
triin khd ndng tlin dgc-viit 6 tri mdu gido ldn (5-6 tudi) trong trudng mdm non Luftn dn li£n si Gido dye
hoc 2009
2 BO GD-DT Chuong trinh gido dvc nndm non, 2009
3 Morrow M.L Assessing preschool literacy
development International Reading Association
Inc., USA, 2009
4 Otto Beverly Language development In early
childhood Northeast Illinois University USA, 2010
5 Susan M.G., Eileen M Burke An Intergrated
Approach to Early Literacy Allyn and Bacon, USA,
2002
SUMMARY
emergent literacy devek:>pment Is a very Impor-tant fi^d of ttie preporatton tor the early children en-tered school However, this praOem in our countr/ compared with many countries In the world is out^ dated and backward on iooth research and frnpte-mentation areas, it Is very necessary to make atten-tions, contributions of researchers and managers m earlycl^dhoodsowecoukidolsetterkjnguageand emergent literacy devetopment tote In preschools
Tap chi Blao due 56 2 9 6 (ki a - lo/awjft