QUY T ic TIM so Dll TRONG PHtP CHIA MJIT sli THJlP PHAN CHD l«OT St TD N H K N VA GHD MOT S l THAP PHAN 0 TifU HDG O ThS 06 TH| PHLTONG T H A O '''' dn 5 Id chuong Hnh m6l vd phi>c tqp cl^l vdi hpc sinh[.]
Trang 1QUY Tic TIM so Dll TRONG PHtP CHIA MJIT sli THJlP PHAN CHD l«OT St TD NHKN VA GHD MOT Sl THAP PHAN 0 TifU HDG
O ThS 06 TH| PHLTONG T H A O '
d n 5 Id chuong H n h m6l vd phi>c tqp cl^l
vdi hpc sinh (HSJ Trong phdn s6 hpc HS
bit ddu dupe Idm quen vdi cdc khdl nl$m
mdl nhu: phdn sii, s6'lh$p phOn vd cdc phip Hnh
/rSn t^p hqp sd' 0 ai6i c6p tl^u hpc HS dang
trong glol dopn chuydn dfin ti> tu duy Iri/c quan
sinh d^ng song tu duy trt>u tupng nSn l6 chi>c
hudng dfin cho HS hinh thdnh nhOng kl^n thi>c
mdl mft cdch sdu sic vd hl^u bdn chdt Id v l ^
Idm khdng don gldn 0<ic bl^t, mdng kllFn thue
Hm s6 du Irong phip chia m$t s^ th^p phdn
(MSTP) cho m«t s i tv nhlSn (MSTN| vd MSTP cho
MSTP Id nhctng kl^n thue cdn nhldu tranh lu<ln
trong ihi/c td gidng dpy d dp ttdu hpc
1 Tlii,c trpng dpy vd hpc phdn Hm si dv
Irong phip chia MSTP cho MSTP vd cho MSTN
chOng tdl nh$n thdy cdn nhldu hpn chd nhu;
- Muc d$ n6m vOng kldn thuccuados^fsinhvlgn
(SV| hd dpi hpc lOH) vd coo d i m g |CD| su phpm
(SP) tidu hpc cdn lung tung, ph6n Idn gido vidn
(GV| fh6 thdng tidp c$n kldn thi>c ndy b^ng cdch
hpc hdl kinh nghldm cOo nhung G V dl trudc chu
khdng cd gido tiinh hoy SGK dd nghldn cihj, chi
cd thd hudng dSn cho HS nhd m^t cdch mdy mdc
md khdng cd thdi glan td chuc, hudng dSn cho
cdc em phdt hldn ra bdn chCft v^n dd Chlnh vl
v ^ , nhldu HS tidu hpc ndm kldn thOc phdn ndy
m$t cdch thv ^^9, kidn thue khdng dupe khdc
sdu; - Tdl lldu hudng dfin cdn so sdl, mdy mdc;
- Thdi lupng chua hpp ll (Todn 5 - Myc 4 Phdp
chlo: «Chla MSTP cho MSTN' tr.dS vd: oChia
MSTP c/io MSTP-tr 71)
Chuong trtnh hpc ci3a SV hd CD, ph6p chia
cd du cOa MSTP cho MSTP dupe gldl thldu trong
bdi: <iT(lp sdri^p phdn khdng dm' ( 1 , I r l 9 4
-202) gidl thldu vd hudng d i n vd phdn kidn thue
ndv, tdl lldu ehl dua ro m$t vl dv mfiu Id phdp
Hnh 3,7 : 0,03 dupe thuong Id 123,3 du 0,001
( 1 , h'.20O), ldl lldu khdng hudng dSn edeh Hm s6
du trong phdp chia dd Chfnh vl v$y, khi ehOng
tdi cho SV thvc hldn cdc phdp chlo ed du khdc
tuong tv, trong mdt khodng thdi glan ngdn, hdu hdt SV ddu olooy h o a / thvc hidn phdp chia vd
khdng bidt cdch llm s6 du, mdt s i SV Hm dupe sd
du bdng edeh Idy s i bj chia tri> dl Hch thuong vd sdchla
1) Defl vdi sv Chung Idl tidn hdnh khdo sdt
1.327 SV hd DHSP Tidu hpc ciio 9 trudng OH (Thdi Nguydn, Hdl Phdng, Hud, Dd Ndng, HOng Vuong, Vinh, Tdy Sdc, Hd N $ i , Hd N * ! II) vdi
cdu hdl: 'S6 du cOa phip chia 429,5:2,8 vH Ihuong Idsih, nhltn Id stSndot a) 11; h) 1,1; c/ 0,11" Kdt qud: Chi cd 4 d 9 SV (chldm 35%) chpn
ddp dn dung sd du 1,1 Cdn l p U 9 2 SV (ehldm
37%) ehpn ddp dn sol Id s i du 11 holfc 0,1 vd
3dd SV (ehldm 28%) khdng chpn ddp dn ndo
Sd lidu trdn eho thdy, sd lupng SVSP Hdu hpc ndm chdc kidn ihtk vd phdp ehio cd du cdn hpn chd (ehldm 35%) Trong khi dd, SVSP lldu hpc Idm sol h o ^ chua ndm chdc kldn ihuc ndn khdng ehpn ddp dn ndo ( e h i ^ d5%) Khi dupe hdi vd cdch Hm sd d u trong phdp chia, da phdn SV ddu khdng Idm dupe Hdu hdt SV Hm dQng dupe sd
du trong phdp chlo ddu bdng cdch Idy sd b| chia hi> dl Hch eOo thuong vd sd chia
2) Did ydl hfc vltn (HV) Id GV dl h<>c^^
qud khd quan hon Qua khdo sdt 128 HV cda 2 ldp hd OH vOa Idm vOa hpc eOa trudng DH Hdi Phdng (DH Kldn An Kl 1 vd DH Thdi BInh Kl 0) c6
4 5 HV da gidng dpy Todn khdl 4 , 5 (35,1d%);
5 d HV tham gla gidng dpy Todn khdi 1 , 2, 3 (43,75%) Cdn Ipi 2 7 HV khdng tham gla gidng dpy Todn (21,09%) Trong dd nhSng HV dd tOng dpy Todn khd'l 4 , 5 trd Idi diing Id 4 1 / 4 5 (91,11%) Nhdng HV tham gla gidng dpy Todn khdi 1 , 2 , 3 lid ldl dung Id 1 1 / 5 d (19,64%) NhOng
HV khdng tham gla gidng dpy Todn Ird Idl dung
Id 2 / 2 7 (7,41%) NhOng G V Hm dOng dupe kA qud phdp chia ndy ddu thvc hldn vd hudng ddn
HS Ihpc hldn bdng cdch dOng ihudc kd ddng thdng
* T n « l | l | i k | c l U i P M i |
•- Tap chi Blip due s6 2 9 5 pn i • lo/iaiio
Trang 2ddt ddu phd'y cOo s l d u diJng vj h-i cuo dudng
t h i n g d d dupe ddng xud'ng, k h u y l t e h l ndo ta
thdm so khdng vdo vj trf d d thi dupe s l d u Khi
dupe phdng vd'n, h l u h i t cdc G V d i u eho rdng
cdch tim s l d u trong phdp chlo dd Id do hp hpc
hdl kinh n g h l | m h> nhung G V dgy trudc d d M | l
so ft thi eho r i n g hp d d dgc dupe trdn mdt bdl
bdo d Tgp ch! Todn hgc Ngodl ro, da s l d i u
eho rdng khdng cd tdl ll^u ndo hudng dSn
2 Quy l i e Hm sd' d u Irong phdp chlo
/ K / i t a A^STPc/ioAiSTN Trong Todn 5 , b d l :
«Chla MSTP cho MSTN' (trg 13) cd dua ro 2 vf
dy ve phdp chlo h i t vd tu d d hinh thdnh quy tdc
eho HS Mud'n chia MSTP cho MSTN ta Idm nhu
sau: - Chia phin nguy^ cOa sd' bj chia cho si
chia; - Vlit ddy f^dy vdo bin phdl ihuong dd
hm duoc hvdc Idil Idy ehff si diu Mn d p/idn
thdp p/)dn cOa sd bf c/i/o di tiip fyc th\/e hlin
phip chia; - Tl^ fyc chia vdi h>ng chu sd'dphin
th$p phdn cOa sdbl chia
Bdl «luyin tip'[\r 6A] dua ra vi dy:
a) D d dupe gldl mau
22.44
4 4
84
12
18 1.24
Trong phdp chia ndy, thuong Id 1,24, s l d u
Id 0,12 Thu Ipi: 1,24 x 18 + 0,12 = 22,44
b) Ydu cdu HS tim s l d u cOo phdp chlo tuong
ty Tim so d u cuo phdp chlo sou:
43.19121
1 19 "27J5~
14
N h u vdy, b d n g cdch nhdn xdt tuong ty, HS
cd t h i thd'y phdp chia trong vf dy b cung g l l n g
VI dy a d c h i s l b j chia Id so thdp phdn cd p h l n
nguydn cd 2 chi> so v d p h l n t h ^ p phdn cung ed
2 ehu so; d i n g thdi so chia Id s l ed hoi ehu sd*;
vd thuong Id MSTP Irong d d phdn nguydn ed 1
ehl? so vd phdn thdp phdn eung cd 2 c h u s l ; s l
d u trong c | t td sd' ed hal chd s l gid'ng nhou V i
vdy, trong phdp chia ndy da s l HS d i u tuemg
ty tim dupe k i t qud ehinh xdc s l d u cuo phdp
d i l a d d l d : 0 , 1 4
Tuy nhldn, n l u G V thoy d l l s l bj chia dl m p l
chOt, VI dy 4 , 3 1 9 : 21 hay 4 3 1 , 9 : 21 thi p h l n
Idn HS d i u rd't lung tung khi dl tim s l d u trong
Iwchi Blao due so 2 9 5 <ki i • lo/aon)
vd'n d i u eho r i n g HS thudng gdp khd khdn khi thyc hl^n phdp chia ndl trdnid do hg khdng b l i t edeh (hay quy t i c } tim s l d u trong phdp chlo MSTP eho MSTN
2) Chia MSTP cho MSTP Trong Todn 5 bdl:
«C/)ta MSTP cho MSTP" (tr 71) SGK dua ro 2 vf
dy v l phdp chlo h i t cuo s l thdp phdn cho s l
t h | p phdn TCr d d hinh thdnh quy tdc chia MSTP
cho MSTP: Muin chia MSTP eho MSTP ta Idm nhusau: • Dim xem cd bao nhliu chffsidphin rfidp phdn ciJo sd' chia thi chuyin dd'u phdy d si
bl chia sang bin phdl bdy nhiiu chff si; - Bd ddu phdy d sd bi chia ril rfiyr hlin phip chia nhu chia cho sih/nhlin
Bditip 3 [tr7\]:«MaymSibi qudn do hit 2,8
m val Hdl ed 429,5 m vdi thi may duoc nhliu nhH bao nhliu bi quan do nhu thivd cdn thOa
mdy mit vdi?" Di gldl bdi todn ndy HS sd dua v l
tim t h u o n g v d so' d u t r o n g p h d p chlo 429,5 : 2,8 Theo dung quy t i c HS se dua phdp chlo hal s l thdp phdn v l phdp chia hal so ty nhldn,
vd cung mdt edeh h i t sue ty nhldn HS se tim s i d u trong phdp chia ndy nhu tim s l d u Irong phdp chlo hoi so t y nhldn Neu nhu vdy, phep chlo
4 2 9 , 5 : 2,8 sd dupe c h u y i n ve phdp chia
4 2 9 5 : 2 8 vd luc ndy s i d u sd Id 11 md thyc c h i t k ^ qud dung cOa phep chlo ndy so d u phdi Id 1,1
N h u vdy, G V mud'n hudng dan cho HS tim dung s l d u trong phdp chia s l thdp phdn cho s l thdp phdn thi cdn phdl cd thdi gian hinh thdnh eho ede em m | t k i l n tht/c mdi dd Id quy t i e Hm
so d u trong phdp chlo s l thdp phdn cho so thdp phdn ( p h l n ndy hodn todn khdng dupe d l cdp trong phan hinh thdnh k i l n thue mdi} Vdi thdi lupng 4 0 phut vua d l hinh thdnh phep chia h i t MSTP cho MSTP vd hinh thdnh phdp chia cd d u eua MSTP cho MSTP mdt cdch sdu sdc cho HS Id bdi todn khd d l i vdi GV Ndn chdng, trudc khi cho bdi ldp dudi dpng mdl v l phep chia cd d u
d d , chung ta ndn cho thdm m$t bdi mau d l G V
cd thdi glan d l hudng d i n cho HS h l l u dupe bdn chd't cuo phdp ehla cd d u cua phdn so cho phdn s l Vf dy, Todn 5 - bdi 3 (tr 71) Idi gldl,
HS phdl thyc hl§n phdp ehla 429,5 : 2,8 vd tim sd' d u trong phdp chia ndy vdi thuong Id s l ty nhldn Theo dung quy t i c HS sd dua phdp chia hoi s l thdp phdn ve phdp chia hal sd' t y nhldn
4 2 9 5 : 2 8 To hdy cho HS nhdn xdt v l phdp chia
ta vua thyc hl§n: Dung ra to phdl thyc hidn phdp
Trang 3v l phdp chia: 4 2 9 5 : 2 8 - 135 d u 1 1 , hoy
4 2 9 5 - 1 3 5 x 2 8 + 11 ( " }
Hdy hudng dfin cho HS nh|n xdt v l m i l quan
h^ glQa hal phdp chia (') vd ( " ) trudc khi dl d i n
kit lu|n v l s l dụ Ta thly, phdp chia ( " ) muln
dua v l phdp chlo (*} thi ta phdi chlo cd hal v l
c h o l O , n h u v d y s l d u d d d y t d 1 1 : 1 0 - 1 , 1 chd
khdng phdl Id 11 vd thuong vfin Id 135
Thyc t l Irong SGK vd cdc sdch bdl t | p Todn 5
nhllu bdl ydu e l u HS phdl thyc hl|n m | t cdch
thuin thyc nhang phdp chia ed du nhu trdn,
c h I n g hpn (tr 72); Bdl lOp Todn 5 (tr 2 8 ) ;
Luyln gldl Todn 5 (tr 24), Chfnh vl v l y , vl$e
hinh thdnh cho HS khd'i 5 quy t i e Hm s l d u
trong phdp chlo cd du cuo s l t h | p phdn cho
s l thdp phdn hay cOa s l t h | p phdn cho s l ty
nhldn id mdt vi^c Idm c i n thilt
3 Kit \ufyn Hudng dfin quy tic Hm s i d u trong
phdp ehla MSTP dio MSTN hoy MSTP cho MSTP
Id mdl v l ^ Idm c i n ihllt Irong chucmg trinh Todn
d Hlu hpc Ddc bidI, v l ^ thing nhit m i l quy tde
chung M Hm s l du trong cdc f^idp ehla ndy cd y
nghTa thyc Hin rd't quan tn?ng d l l vdi G V vd HS
Hlu hpc, đc blet đ'l vdi nhung SV h§ SP H I U hpc
- nhung G V tuong b l Chinh vi vdy, trong ndl dung
chuong hinh Todn 5 ndn cd mdt bdl ridng nhIm
hinh thdnh k l ^ thue eho HS v l phdp ehla ed du
đ Vdi cdch đ, G V Hlu hpc sd cd m|t khodng
thdi glan glup HS ihdng qua hopt dpng hpc tdp
sic vd hl|u qud hon Bdn cpnh đ, h-ong n|l dung
chuong trinh S l hpe cita SV eOng cdn dupe xdy
dyng nhOng quy tic đ m|t cdch rd rdng vd nhit qudn glOp SV hllu dupe bdn chit v I n d l Nhd
đ, phln ndo glOp SV b l sung thdm v I n kiln thOc
caiđi đp dng ydu cdu thyc Hin p h i thdng vd
tpo sy h/ tin hon eho nhi>ng G V tuong lol khi budc vdo nghl Ngodl ra, nhOng gidng vidn tham gla gidng dpy n>dn Todn đo tpo G V Hlu hpc edn chO trpng quan tdm hon nOo d i n vl|c gl6p SV xdy dyng vd hinh thdnh nhdng kiln thue, đp ung ydu elu cOa thyc Hin gidng dpỵ P
(1) TrAn DiCn Hi Jn (cliQ biftn) Tôn vd pbavng phip
dvy hpc toin d (l£u h^c - Dy An phit tn^n Gifto viftn ti^u tiQC NXB Gido due H 2006
Til lifu tham khdo
ị Dd Dinh Hoan (chu bien) Toin 5 NXB Cidodifc,
H.2011
2 Dfi Dinh Hoan (chu bien) BAI tfp Toia 5 t<fXB
Gido difc, }.20\0
3 D6 Dinh Hoan (chQ bien) Luyfn gidl Toio 5 NXB
Gido dvc H 2007
SUMMARY
Find the balance In the divison of a medical number to a medical and an Integer is a matter that the teactier of primary sc^KX^ were dIfticiJt Wlthtittie scope of articat the autttor proposed ruler to and ttie tialonce In the dlvbon with ttie goal of primary sctnol
Tlep can nol dung day hoc
(Tlip theo trang 31)
hudng dSn l l ehue dpy hpe, lyo chpn h | thd'ng
phuong phdp, hinh thue, phuong H|n dpy hpc
nhu t h i ndo d l phdt huy dupe vol Ird cuo ngudi
day vd sy chu d i n g , Hch eye, sdng tpo cua ngudi
hpe Id y i u td' mong tfnh quylt djnh d l l vdi vi$c
ndng coo chd't lupng đo tpo, thyc hl|n myc
Hdu đo tpo nguln nhdn lye đp ung nhu cdu
xd h|l • '
Tjkl lif u tham khio
1 Dinh Cao - U Ạ Ldm vdn t^p 1 NXB Gido d{ic H
1989
3, D6 Ngpe Thing - Ph?m Minh Di$u - Nguyfin Thftnh
Thị Ldm vfln NXB Dpi hpc suph^m, H 2007
4 Chuong - Thị Phmng phip nghf lufn (s&ch djch)
TiJ sdch Thanh Nghe TTnh, Thanh Ngb^ 19S4
5 Literature - Grade 6 - Copyright @ 2008 by
McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin All rights reserved
6 Literature - Grade 8 Copyright @ 2008 by
McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin All rights reserved
ịmn'ạ\^x\tts.)i^n^ rHiHUStt ts,2006
8 Joy M.Reid The Process of Composition, by
Prentice - Hall - Newyork,1982
SUMMARY
Discursive construction ofaU types anđêinof learning content crimed at skills training and cxpadty important The constnjctton of teaching content teaching organizational guideWies, system s^ecHon methods, forms and means of teaching how to promote the role of teachers and the Initiative,pô five, of learners Is a crucial factor for Improving the quality of trahing, the goal of education and hc^r^
of human resources to meet sodc^ needs