OlAO DMC NtrdC NOOAl MOI so MO HiNH OOAN l i CO SO GlAO ODG M I M HON NGOJll CONG U P TRfiNTH^GIOI Q TS T R A N THI N G Q C T R A M ThS B O I T H | KIM TUY^N'''' HI thd''''ng gl6o dvc vd md htnh qudn li gl6[.]
Trang 1MOI so MO HiNH OOAN li CO SO GlAO ODG M I M HON NGOJll CONG UP
T R f i N T H ^ G I O I
Q TS T R A N THI N G Q C T R A M - ThS B O I T H | KIM TUY^N'
HI thd'ng gl6o dvc vd md htnh qudn li gl6o
dye (QLGD) n6l chung, qudn If co sd gido
dye m6m non (GDMN} ndl rl6ng cOa cdc
nude h'dn th^ gldl rd't khdc nhau vd da dqng;
l^dng nhOng th^, nd cdn chju si/ chi ph^l cOo t h i
ch^ nhd nude, chfnh sdch gido dgc, md hinh vd
h-inh d$ phdt trlln kinh ti, truyin ih^ng vdn hdo,
Ijch Sl} cuo m5l q u ^ gla
6 mOt sd' nu6c, co sd (CS) G D M N ngodl cdng
ldp (NCL) da cd h> Idu vd dong trd thdnh nhdn \i
quon h-png ihuc dd'y si/ nghlip gido dye phdt
w i n Cdc nude ndy rd't quon tdm hSrl tinh vyc gido
dye, da ban hdnh nhChig bO ludt GD NCL vd nhd
dd CS G D M N NCL phdt h-lln m$t cdch cd hi$u
qud Vf dy: d Phdp cdc dl^u ludt ndy dd cd h> t h i
ki XIX, d Hdn Qud'c cd Ludt Gido dye tu thyc h>
ndm 19d3, Thdi Lan c6 D l l u lugt cdc hvdng h;
thyc h> ndm 1982, Trung Quoc cd Ludt Phdt trlln
gido dye N C I h> ndm 2002,
1) Vi CO cd'u hi thing: Cf cdc nude Trung
Au, E>dng Au vd Trung A, v l ^ chuyin h> n l n kinh
te k l hogch hdo tqp trung sang nln kinh l l thj
h-udng dd Idm bung nd* cdc co sd chdm sdc trd
em h'ong thdi glan bd' me dl Idm <^ cdc nude
dang phdt h-lln, sy dd thj hda, dl cu d l tim v l ^
Idm vd sy tham gla ngdy cdng tdng cOa phy nO
vdo thi trudng loo ddng dd Idm blln d^l cd'u true
glo dinh TIl^ gia dinh hqt nhdn (hal t h i h^} dang
gla tdng, h-ong khi dd, gla dtnh nhllu t h i h$ Iql
gldm Do dd, cdc dng bo bd m^ ngdy cdng g^p
khd khdn trong v l ^ nudi dqy con vd nhu cdu g^i
con dl hpc tdng ldn
Cdc cudc l^do sdt, nghlSn cuu v l G D M N do
UNESCO thyc hl^n ndm 1988 vd 2 0 0 7 cho th^iy,
hdu hit cde nude d i u dd cd chuong trinh chdm
sdc, G D M N ddnh cho trS trdn 3 hjdl, vdl 4 loql
hinh nhu sou: 1) Cdc co sd cua nhd nude do cdc
hi qudn If; 2) Cdc co sd h/ nhdn do cdc cd nhdn,
nhdm, cdc h^l dupe chfnh thue cdng nhdn ho^e
ede t l ehi>e tdn gido; 3) Cdc coiddo chfnh q u y ^
dja phuong ho^c Hnh qudn tf; 4) Cdc co sd bdh
tu nhdn do m$t cd nhdn, m^t nhdm hodc m^t h^l
qudn If nhung du6l sy gldm sdt cua ehfnh phO
O nhllu nu6c, cdc t6 chi>e phi ehinh phO, n h ^ tdn gido vd cdc ti chuc hopt d$ng vl k?! nhudn
cd t h i h3 h-p chfnh phO md rdng, tdng cudng, dilu ph^i v l ^ cung c^p chuong h-lnh chdm sdc,
G D M N 6 e 6 c nude thudc chdu A u , Bde Hoa W, cdc t^ chi>e tdn gido h5 trp cdc eo sd ehdm sdc,
G D M N vd thudng cho phdp cdc t^ chuc khdc si)
dyng h-y sA cua minh cho myc dfch ndy
O cdc nude ehu/ln tir n l n kinh t l 1 ^ hopch
hda sang nln kinh t l thj hvdng, cdc CS G D M N
NCL phdt h-lln mpnh trong hodn ednh chinh fA\i gldm h5 trg, Ichd khdn v l tdl chfnh vd phi tdp
h-ung hda Sy da dpng hda cuo cdc CS GDMN
NCL vua khuyln khich cdc hopt d$ng chdm sdc
G D M N vira Idm gla tdng sy thilu btnh ddng hong
vide Hip cQn G D M N M$t s^ nhd cung cd'p CS
G D M N NCL khuyln khich sy tham gla cua cha
m? vd cdng ddng V( dy chuong trinh « Tdng bude m^f (Step by step) cua Vi^n Xo hdl md do cd
dnh hudng d i n cdl cdch chuong trinh gidng d i ^
d khdp cdc nude Trung A u , Ddng Au vd Trung A Chuong h-)nh ndy khuyln lch(eh ede phuong phdp
tllp cdn 1 ^ trd Idm trung ldm vd cd t h i dllu dn\nh
ndl dung, phuong phdp gido dye d l phCi hpp vdi phong cdch da dpng eua trd
Da s£> cdc nude d i u col G D M N Id hinh thOc
gido dye hd em hvdc khi b ^ ddu vl$c hpc h6t
budc; thdng thudng G D M N thyc hldn d dd tud'l h>
2-5 hj^i, Kry theo ago ludt quy dinh d hjng nude 2) Vi hp ki hogch: qudn If nhd nude nd!
chung, trong dd cd qudn If gido dye iSn tpl hal
CO chi: Co c n l k l hopch hdo tdp trung vd co ehl phi tpp trung, djnh hudng thj hvdng mpnh
• VKi Khoa bfc ^ o dvc Viet H M Tap chi Glao due s6 2 9 5 <ki i - io/aoia)
Trang 2gido dye thudng tdn tpl d cdc nude XHCN trudc
itey (nhu Lidn bang Nga| Vdl quan d l l m gido
dye Id phuc Ipi xo hdl vd nhd nude boo cd'p h>dn
b^ cho cde nhu cdu gido dye cho cdc tdng Idp xd
h^l Mpi hopt ddng gido dye d i u dupe qudn If
vd Icl hopch hda Co e h l ndy cung dupe phd' b l l n
6 m§t sd' nude thude khol ASEAN nhij: Thdi Lan,
Malaysia, Ngupc lal, Trung Qud'c, A n D d , Hdn
Quic thyc hldn eo e h l qudn If nhd nude tdp h-ung
6 cdc eo quan tnjng uong (Bd G i d o dye, B$ G i d o
dycvd Phdt t r l l n nhdn lye, )
Mdl sd' nude chua ed c h l l n lupc ro rdng d l
chi dpo hoot ddng cOo ede co sd, chuong h'inh
chdm sdc G D M N NCL vd nhOng uu tidn cho lopl
htnh ndy Cde eo sd ndy bj chia cdt cho n h l l u bd
ngdnh cOo ehfnh phO vd nhCtng ngudi d l l u hdnh
khu vyc tu nhdn qudn If V I d l l m ndy, Trung Qu6c
Id nude cd c h l l n lupc gdn k i t vdl ngdnh gido dye
ndm hvng khung chfnh sdch qude glo Tuy nhldn,
vSn ^ n t h i l u c h l l n lupc q u ^ gla ho h-g v l ^ thye
hi|n vd gldm sdt d cd'p ddn cu
O Trung Qudc, cd'p hpc G D M N do sy qudn If
cOo chlnh q u y i n dja phuong dudi sy Idnh dpo
COQ Hdi ddng nhd nude Hdl ddng nhd nude cung
60 ban hdnh quy djnh v l h-tnh d d gido vidn, v l
qudn If cde hvdng mdm non, qudn If ede h'uong
MN h; thyc Chfnh phu cd sy d d ddu rd't 6a dpng
cho cde CO sd G D M N NCL Chfnh phu cd'p phep
cho ede CO sd h j nhdn hodc cdc nhdm ddn ldp,
hodc cde don vj cdng tee md cdc co sd G D M N
Ma Cao Id nol cd tf Id CS G D M N NCL Idn nhd't
tai Trung GHJOC vdl H Id hon dd%
Tnjng Qude d d hodn th ldn vide phdn cop qudn
If vd Id0n todn e h l d d phdp nhdn, hinh thdnh eo
chi, ehfnh q u y i n qudn If chung; nhd h-udng h/
cho Idm gl6o dye, eo cd'u h v n g glan xd hdl tham
gla qudn If ( A d p ludt; xdy d y n g vd kldn todn cdc
CO sd phdp li v l phuong thue ddu t u vd q u y i n sd
hthj cu^l eOng v l tdi sdn
" Tuong h/ nhu Trung Q u ^ , n h l l u nude khde
trdn t h i gldl h'd 3-d hjo'i nhdn dupe sy quan tdm
chdm sdc n h i l u hon h'd 0-3 h j ^ l Nhin ehung, Bd
GI60 dye cd xu hudng xem v l ^ gido dye h'd em
dudi 3 hjol Id trdch nhidm cOo bd' m?, cde hdl tu
nhdn hodc cdc co quon phi chinh phu Chuong
trtnh cho h ^ 3-d hiol duoc pho b l l n hon trong khi
trd 0-3 hid'l thudng bj soo nhang D d cung Id van
dS chung cd h'ong cdc nude OECD vi chf cd chuong
trtnh khung cho trd d d hJol 3-d md khdng cd
Tap chi Glao due s6 2 9 5 (in i • io/aoia)
nude nhu Broxin, Botswana , Bd G i d o dye tuy
dd dupe phdn cdng chju hdeh nhidm qudn li nhdm h-d dudi 3 hjd'l nhung thdng tin v l chuong h-inh
vd djch vy hldn cd van cdn hpn e h l
O Uc, CO quan chdm sdc, gido dye trd luo tud'l m d m non (OfFlee of Early C h i l d h o o d Educahon and Child Care, v l l t tdt Id OECECC)
dd glup chinh phO qudn li tieh hpp vd hl^u qud hon Vdn phdng OECECC Id nol hudng dan chinh sdch eOo qud'c gla dd'l vdl vl$c cung cd'p CS
G D M N vd chdm sdc trd chdt lupng coo, cd t h i
t l l p edn, chi h-d d l ung hd sy phdt t r l l n tol uu eOo h-d tho, glup cha me ed t h i tham glo vdo ddl sd'ng kinh t l , xd hdl cOa cdng ddng Ngodl ro,
chuong h'inh tuong tdc gia dinh h-lln khai h> ndm
2009 do Chinh phO phd'l hpp vdl to chuc phi chinh pho d y o vdo cdng ddng trdn todn qudc dd h-p glup h-d em 3-5 tudl bj thidt thdi (bdng edeh cung cdp glo su, sdch v d , cdc ngudn lye gido dye kdm theo glup cha me chudn bj sdn sdng cho vide di hpc cuo trd em)
Hldn noy, vl$c qudn li nhd nude cOa chinh pho vd glua cdc khu vyc G D M N cdng ldp vd
G D M N NCL cd the djnh lldu cdc djch vy chdm sdc G D M N dot dupe cdc chud'n ehd't lupng, ddp ung nhu cdu dja phuong, thOc dd'y hidu qud chi phf vd dpt duoc cde mye tidu cdng bdng theo 3
xu hudng ehfnh sou: 1) «Td chiic hdnh ehinh" -cdc CO quan chju trdch nhidm ve chdm sdc
G D M N d cd'p qudc glo vd muc dp tfch hpp, chdm sdc vd gido dye; 2) «Phi top trung hda" -phpm vl trong d d thd'm q u y i n ve chdm sdc
G D M N dupe troo eho cdc cd'p thd'p hon cd'p qud'c gla; 3) «Val trd cOa khu vyc CS G D M N NCL" - muc dd md trong d d vl^c hopch djnh ehfnh sdch G D M N vd eung cd'p dich vy duoc ehio sd vdl khol CS G D M N NCL
Co e h l qudn li co sd G D M N ngodl cdng ldp cOo Hoa Ki vd Canoda Id co e h l phi tdp hvng vd djnh hudng thj hvdng mpnh M d hinh qudn If ndy dd gldm eho gido dye mpt khodn ngdn sdch Idn d l nudi bd mdy hdnh chinh cdng k i n h Vi qudn li trong mpt don vt nhd vd h-yc t l l p nen he thdng gido dye rd't llnh hopt vd hidu qud Cung chfnh nhd sy qudn If ey t h i tn/c h i p ndy md nhung
d y dn gido dye, nhiJng d l tdl khoo hpc nhanh chdng nhpn dupe cung ung ve tol chfnh eung nhu cdc phuong tidn de thye hldn vd dupe d p dyng nhanh chdng vdo thyc h i n
Trang 3ndng qudn If trye tllp vd todn dl$n ddl vdi todn
bd h$ thd'ng gido dye lidn bang Chinh quyin
cdc bong, cde phdng gido dye qudn vd nhd
trudng cd quyin h/ ehu rd't coo trong qudn li
mpl mdt hopt ddng eua ede trudng NCL theo
khudn khd' phdp ludt (Ludt lidn bong vd ti>ng
bang) Kinh phf eho gido dye h> cdc bong vd
cdc phdng gido dye qudn, kinh phf lidn bang
ehl mdl phdn nhd vd chO yiu ddnh phyc vy ede
dd'l h/png khd khdn Cdc co quon qudn If cOo
bong ed trdeh nhl$m vd quyin hpn Idn trong
phpm vl, xdy dyng k l hopch chlln lupc phdt
trlln gido dye cOo bong cho din phdn b^ ngudn
tdl chfnh, qudn li gido vidn, quydtdjnh ndl dung
chuong h'inh ddo tpo cua cdc lopl hinh gido
dye cd cdng ldp vd ngodl cdng ldp
Vdl quon nldm gido dye Id mdt lopl hinh
djch vy xd hdl, CO ehl phi tdp h-ung vd djnh
hudng th) trudng mpnh dupe ddc trung bdl sy
phdn quyin mpnh cho chinh quyin ede bong,
ed trdch nhidm qudn li mpl lopl hinh co sd
GDMN, hopch djnh vd thyc thi k l hopch gido
dye tgi bong minh Cdc co sd gido dye cd quyin
h; cho rd't cao v l mpl mdt trong khudn khd ludt
phdp lidn bang vd ludt phdp cOa h>ng bong
Chinh pho vd cde co quan qudn If gido dye qudc
glo nhu Bd Gido dye chO yiu cd val trd hopch
djnh vd td chuc thyc hl^n cdc chlln lupc vd myc
tidu phdt h'lin gido dye quoc glo h5 trp tdl chfnh
vd qudn li ede chuong trinh gido dye cOo lidn
bong, xdy dyng vd bon hdnh cdc chudn myc
qud'c gla v l gido dye nhu cdc chuan kiln thue
vd kr ndng cho cdc dd hjd'l Hoo Ki dd sdng tpo
du<?e «Hd thd'ng kllm djnh eua NAEYC" (Hldp
hdl gido dye h'd tho Hoo Ki) Trong dd, duo ro
cdc chudn v l gido vidn, qudn It, nhdm ndng
eoo chdt lupng ehdm sdc GDMN Cde co sd
GDMN d Hoo Kl bdt ngudn h> hoi htnh thue td'
chuc ban ddu dd Id cdc nhd h-l ban ngdy dupre
thilt Ipp ddu tidn h> ndm 1830 dudi sy bdo trpr
txf nguydn vd cde trudng mSu gido Tuy nhldn,
ed te'i 9 CO quon lidn bong chju trdch nhl$m v l
chdm sdc GDMN d cdp qude gla ndn v l ^ chdng
chdo, trung ldp vd phdn bd ngudn lye thilu hl^u
qud d Hoo Kl Id khd phd bidn
3) Vi qudn ll vd li chdc nhdn i y : Trinh dd
chuydn mdn cOo gido vidn mdm non (GVMN) d
cdc nude khde nhou rdt nhllu d mdt sd nude,
GVMN ehf edn h-lnh d$ so hvng (hicmg duor>g
dd.GVMN tdt nghilp hvng hpe phd thdng hodc dpi hpe Cdc nude ihudc td chi>c Hpp hie vd phdt trlln kinh t l (OECD) thudng ydu edu GVMN cd trtnh dd dpi hpc vd ddo h?o chuydn khoo Vf dy:
6 Phdp, GVMN phdl thi dd kl thi qudc glo ddnh cho sinh vidn cd bdng tdt nghlip khda hpc 3 ndm
sou khi tdt nghidp 'rung hpc pnd thdno df Ddc,
GVMN phdl hodn thdnh ft nhdt gido dye 3 ndm
sou khi tdt nghlip trung hpc pho thdng Cj Tdy
Ban Nho, trtnh dd GVMN ydu cdu phdt Id thpc
sT Ridng d MT, hdu hit GV d cdc hvng ldm ehdm sdc h-d tpl Hoa Ki khdng nhdt thilt phdl cd bdng tdt nghlip dpi hpe Chf ed 14 bang ydu edu GV cdc trudng mdm non cdng ldp phdl ed bdng dpi hpc vd ddo h ^ chuydn khoo v l GDMN GV d cde hvng tdm chdm sde GDMN NCL cGng khdng phdl trdl quo cdc khdo ddo h ^ su phpm d hdu nit cde bang
6 ede nude thude td ehue OECD, vide phdn
bd dd hjdl GVMN Id hrang duong vdl GV tllu hpc Hdu hit cdc nude OECD hon 20% GVMN
ed dd hjdi h^dn 50 hodc coo hon Ridng Hdn Qudc, chi cd dudi 1%GVh>50hjdlhd'ldn,NhdtBdnld
dudi 6%
4) Vi cdc chuong Mnh CS GDMN: NhOng
nghldn cuu v l ehl phf vd lol feh eOa mdt sd chuong trinh cy thi d Hoa Ki cho t h ^ , Ipri (eh ddu hj vdo cdc chuong trinh chdm sdc GDMN NCL Id tich eye
Chtnh phu ngdy cdr\g ddng vol trd tich eye hon h-ong vide eung ed'p vd gldm sdt cdc chuong h-inh cho hrd em Idn 3 hidl hodc Idn hon Khodng 10% ede nude trdn t h i gldl cd co quon gldm sdt, dilu hdnh v l chdm sdc GDMN Id cdc td ehue phi ehfnh phO, ede co quan cua chfnh phu dudi edp qudc glo hoQe cdc co quon ehfnh hi
xd hdl Id nhOng ngudi gldm sdt duy nhd't cde chuong trinh GDMN
Trong khodng 50% h^n tdng sd 154 nude (cd bdo cdo) trdn t h i gldl cd tf 1$ h^ em nhdp hpe eo sd GDMN NCL chllm khodng 1/3 tdng
sd h^ em nhdp ^pc co sd GDMN Cd 30% nude
cd tf l | trd Ida tudl mdm non nhdp ^9C co sd GDMN NCL (chllm trdn dd%) tdng sd h i em
nhdp ^(pc <^o sd GDMN Sy khdc bl$t glffo cdc khu vyc rd't rd r$t df cde khu vyc kinh t^ phdt
trlln vd ehuyin ti> nln kinh t l k l hopch hdo tdp trung sang^ nln kinh le thj trudng (nhu Bde Hoa
Ki vd Tdy Au, Trung vd Ddng Au), tf Ip nhdp ^9^
Tap chi Blio due so 2 9 5 (ki i , lo/som
Trang 4nhdm t r u n g b i n h O cdc nude v u n g bid'n
Carlbean vd Ddng A khdl co sd G D M N NCL
dupe ddnh g i d Id ndl trdl hon ed
Theo cde bdo cdo phdn tich eOa UNESCO,
trong cde nude phdt trIen vd ehuyen ddl co che
qudn If kinh te cd xu hudng thien v l sy tham gla
cOa NCL trong iTnh vyc ndy Cdc nghldn cuu cung
chi ro, cde nude dong phdt h-ien d khu vyc Ddng
A vd Thai Binh Duong khdl CSGDMN CL dang
gldm va thoy the vdo do Id khd'l CS G D M N NCL
Chle'n lupc tich hpp chdm sdc G D M N vdo he
thdng gldo_dye t l l u hpc the hlen rd nhd't d cdc
nude chdu A u : Phdp, Vuong qudc Anh
Cijng gidng nhu cdc bpc hpc khdc, nhung
ngudi de xudng co sd G D M N NCL vi Ipl nhudn
ldp ludn rdng, cdc hudng hd'p can d y a trdn thj
trudng thue ddy conh tranh, tdng hidu qud vd
khuyln khich sy lya chpn eOa cdc bde cha me
Tre em trong cdc gia dinh ed dieu klen hon thi se
tham gla CS G D M N cd chd't lupng cao hon va
ddt t i l n hon, nhCrng gia dinh khd khdn hon thi
li/a chpn cdc chuong trtnh re hon
Ddl vdi cdc nude dang phdt h-len nhu Ddng A
va Nam A , G D M N phdt trid'n ehdm hon, G D M N
chu yeu cd d cdc vung do thi gIdu cd vd do tu
nhan cung edp, trd em sd'ng d gla dinh ngheo bj
got ro khdi cdc chuong trtnh ehdm sdc G D M N
5) Vi qudn If W/ chfnh: Ti Id h/ong doi ve
ngudn vdn giCra CS G D M N CL vd CS G D M N NCL
khdc nhau rd't nhleu gluo ede nude
O Hoa Kt, chinh quyen lidn bang cung cd'p
60% ngudn vdn cdng cho cdc chuong trtnh
cham sdc G D M N , chinh quyen bang vd d j a
phuong g d p phdn cdn Ipl vd phdn b d trong
bang, tuy nhldn ti Id phdn b d cho cdc CS G D M N
NCL rd't thd'p
d T h d i Lon, chinh phO rd't chu trpng toi co sd
GDMN NCL, tpo mpi d i l u klen d l phdt trIen CS
GDMN NCL bdng cdch duo ro nhieu chuong h-inh
\ cho voy uu d o i , cung ed'p cdc khodn phuc Ipi cho
hidu hvdng vd G V , hao mpl d i l u klen v l hnh thdn
vd vdt chd't de G V vd edn b d qudn li gido dye
yen tdm cdng tde
O Hdn Qudc, nhd nude thyc hlen chinh sdch
ho hp kinh phf vd co sd vdt ehd't cho bd't cu ol md
trudng, mien thue cho cdc trudng NCL vd ho trp
mot phdn di chi trd tien thu lao vd chi phf de
dilu hdnh Ngodi r a , Chfnh phO cdn cho cdc
hudng NCL voy t l l n d l glup hp m d rpng quy
Ijp Chi Giao due so 2 9 5 cfa t • lo/aoia)
dpt ra cdc mu'c hpe phi llnh hopt trong khudn khd cho phep de tpo them ngudn tdl chfnh cho hvdng
O Phdp, nhd nude rdt quan tdm tdi CS G D M N
NCL, col CS G D M N NCL khong khdc gi vdi CS
G D M N CL CS G D M N NCL duoc sy quon tdm ho tro cOo nhd nude dpc blet ve Ifnh vyc tdi chfnh
De tdng cudng sy cdng bdng, chinh phu edn bdo ddm cdc quy djnh vd chung phdi duoc dp dyng binh ddng trong tdt cd khu vyc CL vd NCL Cde nude cd thu nhdp thd'p cd xu hudng it tdl tro cho
CS G D M N NCL hon so vdl cdc nude cd thu nhdp h^ung binh vd hudng uu hen thudng ddnh cho trd ti> 3 tudl trd Idn nhieu hon
Diem qua cdc mat ve qudn li CS G D M N NCL
d mpt sd nude tren cho thd'y, tuy mol nude cd nhung chinh sdch rleng, nhung mdt mpnh vd hpn che rteng ddi vdi qudn If CS G D M N NCL nhung diem chung nhd't Id da so cdc nude deu quan tarn chdm sdc CS G D M N NCL; do vgy, nhung phuong thue qudn li neu h'dn c6 the h'd thdnh nhung kinh nghldm quy bau dd' nuoc ta tham khdo, hpc tgp G
T^i lieu tham khao
1 Phgm Minh Hgc - Trln Ki^u - D3ng Ba Lam - Nghifem
Dinh Vy (ddng chu bifin) Giao due th€ gioi di vko
the id XXI NXB Chinh tri qud'c gia, R 2002
2 Vfl Ngoc Hai Tran Khanh Diic (d6ng chfi bien)
Le Thac Can Vu Van Tko NguySn Khanh Dat
-Phan Chinh Thiic - Nguyin Dang Tru He t h d n g
(Viet Nam va th^ gitn) NXB Gido due, H 2003
3 Ministry of education Korea T h e n a t i o n a l curriculum in the republic of Korea
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SUMMARY
Educahon systems and management models of preschool education outside the public world of dif-ference and diversity AAT The most common coun-tries are very concerned and enhance the best in-vesfmentin education The paper summarizes some reference and study