38 80 112011 IMUvaHpC ^S'''' AY NAY Sang kien kinh nghiem Giai phap phu dao hpc sinh yeu kem mon Hoa hpc Trudng THPT TrQdng Xuan Ll/CfNG THI DIEP Th ip Mudi Dong Thap Nham thye hi^n myc tidu ciia nganh g[.]
Trang 138 80 112011 IMUvaHpC
^S'.AY NAY
Sang kien kinh nghiem: Giai phap phu dao hpc sinh yeu kem mon Hoa hpc
Trudng THPT TrQdng Xuan
Ll/CfNG THI DIEP
T h i p Mudi - Dong Thap
Nham thye hi^n myc tidu ciia nganh giao dye la dao
tgo t h i he tre trd thanh nhQng chii nhan tUdng lai ciia
dat nude - nhQng con ngUdi "vQa hdng vQa chuydn"
Mat khic, nham thye hien cudc v i n ddng hai khdng vdi bdn
ndi dung eiia bd giao dye Ban than la mdt giao vien dQng Idp
giang dgy bd mdn Hda hpc cam thay viec ITnh hpi kiln thQc
h o i hpe eiia hpc sinh la hit sQc khd khan Mat khae, Hda hpc
l i mdt mdn hpc hoan toin mdi la va khd ddi vdi hpe sinh, ma
khdi lUdng kiln thQc HS can ITnh hdi tUdng ddi nhilu Phin
Idn cic b i i gdm nhQng khai niem mdi, rat trUu tupng, khd
hilu Do dd, giao vien can tim ra phUdng phap dgy hpc gay
dupe hQng thu hpe tap bd mdn giup cac em chii ddng ffnh hdi
kiln thQc mdt each nhe nhang, khdng gUdng ep la dilu can
quan tam Khi HS cd hQng thii, niim say me vdi mdn Hda se
giup HS phat huy dUdc nang lUc tU duy, kha nang ty hpe va
de sing tao D l tQ dd nang cao chat lUdng bd mdn ndi rieng
va gdp phin nang eao chat lupng giio dye ndi ehung la van
d l hit sQc quan trpng trong qua trinh day hpc cua giao vidn
Ngay tQ Idp 8 bac THCS len d i n Idp 12 bac THPT, tre
can dQdc hpc giai toin Hda hpc mdt each khoa hpc, can than
d l ed t h i sQ dung kiln thQc nay sud't nhQng nam thing trong
thdi ki hpc tap d nha trUdng, cung nhU v i n dyng kiln thQc
trong ddi sd'ng thye t l Viec hpe toin dy^c hilu nhQ ren luy|n
nhQng chuan mUe ciia sy nhgy ben, thdng minh, va giai
thich dUde nhQng hien tUdng khoa hpc trong ddi sdng
nhU: hien tUdng ma trdi, lam mdt sd trd i o thugt, Mdn
Hda hpc cd tam quan trpng nhu vay nen mdn hpe niy can
dupe coi trpng trong nha trudng pho thdng
Qua thdi gian dQng ldp true tilp giang dgy Tdi nhin thiy
viec day va hpc c i c bai toan H o i hpe l i mgeh kiln thQc ting
hdp, ddi hdi hpe sinh phai van dyng dc tu duy, sing tgo Giai
cae bai toan Hda hpe giup hpc sinh yeu moan Houa hdn hay
cung ed lue lam hpe sinh boi rdi gap khd trong cac tilt Houa d
Idp Hien khdng it hpe sinh chua ed kha nang giai tean vQng
vang va b i n thin la giio vien tdi mudn Iim thay ddi dilu dd
Vdi mong mudn: "Khdng cd hpe trd kem, ehf ed ngudi thiy
ehua tim ra dUde phUdng phip v i hinh thQc to chQc phu hdp"
Trong sud't q u i trinh cdng t i e tdi da de tam vdi d l tai "Giai
phip phy dgo HS y i u kem mdn Hda hpe" Qua thdi gian vQa
nghien cQu v i thUe nghiem d l tai Ban thin da due kit, i p
dung kinh nghiem vac thUe tien giai tpin
Vi^c phy dgo kiln thQc cho HS y i u kem bd mon la mpt trong nhQng van d l rit quan trpng, cap bich, can thiet va khdng t h i thilu trong m i l mdn hpe d cac c i p hpc noi ehung
v i c i p Trung hpe p h i thdng ndi ridng Nhit l i trong cuoc van dOng "Hai khdng" hi^n nay, ddi hdi GV v i HS phai day thi^c chit va hpe thye chat Song song vdi van d l tren HS phai nhanh chdng tilp c i n dupe phUdng phip dgy hpc mdi dang dUgtc triin khai, hi^n hinh: "HS hpc theo hudng tich cUc:dpc lip, chii ddng,nghien cQu.tim tdi,sang tao _ de Ifnh hpi, van dyng kiln thQc" V i trong c i c mdn hpc thi bd mdn Hoa Hpc ri't e i n phai phy dgo eho mdt so HS ehua n i m bat kjp.van dyng dype kiln thQc bai hpc
Odi tQpng nghidn cQu 6 day l i nhQng HS hpc yeu kem mdn h o i hpc,hogt dpng n i y dien ra ngoii gid ehinh tren ldp (cd t h i tuan phy dgo cho c i c em hai tilt trong mot tuan hay
mdt thing 5,6 tilt tuy theo lUdng kiln thQc cua Xiing bai.tifng
ehUdng va kha ning n i m b i t kiln thQc eiia HS) Giai phap nay da dUde tdi triin khai Idp 11 CB,, 10A, va 10 A nam hpc (2009-2010) va dang dUde triin khai d trudng THf^T Tri/dng Xuin hign nay
Giai phip phy dgo kiln thQc cho HS yeu kem bd mon co myc dfeh nhim giup cho HS x i c djnh ndi dung kien thuc da tim hilu mpt c4ch chinh xac ma trong gid hpc vi mot li do nao
dd HS ehUa nim bit dUdc.HS khi da tilp thu, van dung di/pc kiln thQc bai hpc se hinh thinh sQ hQng thii,say me voi nndn hpe tQ dd xac djnh chc minh k l hogeh hpc tgp, phudng phap tii hpc.ty nghien cifu, ed tinh ddc Igp cao trong tu duy nhan thiic
se thuc d i y HS hpe t^p tien bd „ Tren cd sd dd GV de xuat them mOt sc kiln nghi sU phgm nham thUc hien tot hdn niia ndi dung giio dye toin di&n HS va hudng nghidp cho HS, Tdi nghien cQu va hoan thanh giai phap niy bing phadng phip chii yeu l i nghi§n cQu danh gia thdng qua san pham hogt ddng (HS) ket h<?P vdi mpt so phUdng phip khae nhu: trd chuyen, kiem tra b i i cu (15 phut ), dieu tra Cong cu dinh g i i chfnh ciia tdi l i tfnh xac suat HS hieu bai thdng qua
q u i trinh HS xay dung bai hpc va van dyng kien thQc d chinti tilt hpe dd TQ dd sang Ipc HS thanh nhieu cap dp nhan thilc
va nam bat dUdc cy t h i cac HS yeu kem bd mdn nay
I Cd s d Ll LUAN VA THLfC TIEN C O A GIAI PHAP
1 C d s d ll lugn Phy dgo kiln thQc cho HS yeu kem la GV phai bo sung
Trang 2'vaHQC 8011-2011
NGAY NAY • _ - n,-^.„^
Dmfi
dUdc nhQng "Id hong" kiln thQc cho HS (chii y i u la nhQng
kiln thQc cd trong SGK h o i hpc) d l giai quye't, de gianh lai
kiln thQc ma eae em chQa ITnh hdi hit trong tilt dgy chinh
tren Idp TQ dd HS cd t h i hda nhap theo kjp vdi cac ban trong
tilt hpc dang diln ra tren Idp
Theo tdi HS mudn lam td't hogt ddng nay thi ban than GV
can phai nam bat chinh xac va danh gia dupe muc dp kiln
thQc dpng Igi d mdi HS trong mdi tilt day d l chuan bj len k l
hogeh phu dao, thit ke ndi dyng tilt phy dgo sao eho cd hieu
qua nha't, mudn vay thi can phai biet rd can cQ, hilu va k i t
hdp giai quye't dQdc cac van de sau:
-I- Tim hilu tgi sao HS sp,chin,hpe y i u kem hpc mdn hda
hpe va tim each giai tda tam li nay d mdt sd em
-I- Hudng dan HS ty danh gia hilu biit ciia ban than v l
mdn hpe va tU ren luyen y thu'c hpc tap
-f GV xac djnh dupe khdi lUpng kiln thuc ddi vdi tu'ng bai
hpc cy t h i cho ddi tQpng HS y i u kem, d l d l ra npi dung,hinh
thQc va phUPng phap dgy thfch hpp nhat
Nhu vay can d HS phai hoan toin ty giac cao trong suy
nghTvi hinh ddng, tfeh eye phdi hpp vdi GV, cd suy nghT,cin
nhic kT ludng nhQng thdng tin nhan dupe d l "va Igi lo hong
kiln thQc" va phin hdi Igi kiln thQc mdt each chfnh xic,khoa
hpc nha'L Mud'n vgy GV la ngUdi rat quan trpng can phai cd
c i c hudng dan cy t h i d l giup HS
2 ThUc tien
TrUdc day khi chua triin khai chudng trinh thay SGK va
sQ dung phUdng phap mdi (day, hpc theo hudng tfeh cUc) thi
phUdng phap giang giai neu van d l thudng la phUdng phap
chii dgo lam eho HS tilp nhgn kiln thQc mdt each thy ddng
nen rat d l quen kiln thQc n i u khdng hpc thude Idng.hpc bai
thudng xuyen
Mat khae thdng qua viec dpc cho HS ghi ndi dung kiln
thQc lam cho HS khdng ty ren luyen dQdc tfnh lam viec ddc
lap,tu nghien cQu ed hieu qiia.tham chf HS khdng quan tam
GV giang bai nhQ the nio ma khi dpc cho ghi thi mdi ghi v i o
vd -> kiln thQc ghi ed the khdng ehinh xac do nghe Idn d i n
d i n hilu sai lech kiln thQc,lau dan se mat can ban mdn hpc
Ben canh dd them mdt tdn tgi dd la khi GV dUa ra cau hdi
thi lap tQc HS cam cui v i o SGK, khdng ed sU linh ddng, sang
tgo trong dau, cd khi edn sd bj gpi tra Idi,Iim tilt hpc trd nen
tram trim rdi rge K i t qiia la GV thudng xuyen bj" chay" giao
i n , HS nim bai hdi hdt trd thinh yeu kem lam hieu qiia tilt
dgy ehua eao
Tuy nhien khdng t h i phii nhgn rang van ed mdt so HS
van ed nhQng bude dot p h i trong qua trinh hpe v i tu vUdn len
cao hdn trong hpe tap va ludn the hien tfnh tu tin.tinh ddc
lap.sang tgo dang can dUde GV tilp tyc phat huy nang cao,
md rdng kiln thQc trong mdi tilt dgy (la mui nhpn d l bdi
dudng thi HS gidi)
Tdm Igi, viec phy dgo eho HS y i u kem la mdt giai phap
ri't chfnh dang, thue sU ein thiet v i can dUde doi mdi phUdng
phap, hinh thQc phy dgo md rdng trong tat ea c i c mdn hpe
khae dQdi sU giup dd ciia nha trudng v i sU ddng tinh iing hd
eiia eae GV khae trong v i ngoii nha trudng
II THl/C TRANG
1 Thugn ldi
L i GV trong nha trudng da dUde dao tgo ehfnh quy, cd
nhilu nam kinh nghiem, dUdc giing dgy dung chuyen mdn
ciia minh, dUdc boi dudng chuyen mdn thudng xuyen (da
tham gia cac ddt tap huan thay SGK Hda hpe va cac ddt bdi dudng thudng xuyen theo djnh ki)
Nha trudng ludn tao dilu kidn mpi mat ehe cac GV trau ddi kiln thQc, hpc hdi phQdng phap nham nang cao tay nghi,(nhu thao luan theo nhdm, dy gid tham Idp, to chQc cae dpt thao giang, hdi giang
Mat khae GV ludn cd sy chuan bj chu dao trUdc gid len Idp: soan giao an, chuan bj ndi dung bang phu, philu hpc tap
va cac thf nghiem (niu cd)
Tai lieu tham khao trong nha trUdng dUdc quan tam nhieu hdn, mdi nam deu mua bo sung them, dd dung day hpc tUdng ddi diy dii khdng phai hpc "chay" nhUtrUde, tUdd lam cho bd mdn hda khdng cdn trQu tupng nhU mpi ngUdi van quan niem Hdn t h i nQa GVtU tim tdi, nghien cQu lam ramdt
so do dimg day hpc thiet thUc lam cho tilt HS dpng hdn
Da sd HS nhin thQc dupe mdn hda hpc rat quan trpng va
cd tinh thye t l cao, nhilu em cd biiu hien hQng thu hpc tap
bd mdn, chuan bj bai khdng nhQng rat td't ma cdn rat sdi noi trong tilt hpc, mpt sd HS cdn td ra yeu thfch mdn hpc hdn, vi vay chat lupng mdn hpc ngay cang dupe nang cao
2 Khd khan
Be day kinh nghiem cua GV chUa nhilu, to chQc thao luan trao d i i vdi cac GV trong chuyen mdn cdn ft, npi dung cdn sP sai, viec dU gid tham ldp cdn rat han c h l nhat la cac trudng ban dan den viec nang cao phUPng phap giang dgy cdn d mUc dp chUa cao,
Hdn nQa trong mdt bai day GV phai thilt k l giao an ap dung cho cac dd'i tupng HS (yiu, trung binh, kha, gidi) nen thudng hay bj dpng ve thdi gian
GV khdng the chi chu trpng vao cac em y i u kem tren Idp
ma cdn phai md rdng kiln thQc nang cao cho nhQng HS k h i gidi trong Idp
Da sd cac em d rat xa trUdng,phQdng tien di lai khd khan, nha lam rupng nen thdi gian hpc d nha rat han c h l (cdn phai phy giup kinh t l gia dinh)
Mat khic, HS do v i n cdn chju anh hudng eiia each truyen thy trudc day eho nen mdt sd HS y Igi, ludi suy nghT, trong gid hpc Id la khdng tap trung, khdng hpc bai va Iim bai trUde khi
d i n Idp lam kiln thQc bj thilu hut mat d i n lau dan td ra sd hpc, chin hpe tQ dd bj hong v l kiln thQc.ThUc t l ap dyng phudng phap nay ddi hdi G V phii that sy tam huylt vdi nghi,
cd lUdng tam nhi giao,tQ dd cd sang tgo cd chuan bj that cdng phu, can than, phai nghien cQu b i i tim ra cic phUdng phip phQ hpp, cac hinh thQc to chQc sinh ddng, chuan bj bai
ed tfnh logic, nghi van va kich thfch HS ed hQng thu tim tdi kiln thQc mdi bo sung Igi kiln thQc eho HS
III.GIAI PHAP VA THUC HIEN GIAI PHAP
1 Gidi thigu g i i i phap
D l giiip HS v i Igi Id hong kiln thUc.bit kjp kiln thQc tren Idp va ed hQng thu hpe t i p bd mdn hda hpc,dgc biet l i giio dye HS trd thanh eon ngudi hien dgi toin dien theo yeu eiu
xa hdi hign nay: cd tfnh ddc lap, tu chii,tU giac eao trong nghien cQu.tim tdi,sing tao hpc hdi d l tilp thu kjp kiln thQc ciia b i i mdi nhe nhing nhQng cd hieu qua eao
GV se rut ngan dupe thdi gian giang giai eho ddi tupng
HS y i u kem bd mdn trong tilt hpc, cd nhilu dilu kien d l md rdng nang cao kiln thQe,lien he vdi thye tien va giio dye hudng nghiep eho HS Ddng thdi Igi tgo dUde sU say me,sing tgo trong edng viec dgy hpe ciia minh
Trang 340 30112011 vaHpC
•X A V NAY
Qua thye t l trong cac nam g i n day thUc hi^n chUdng
trinh thay SGK va thye hien phUPng phap day hpe mdi k i t
hdp vdi c i c phUdng phap hien hanh tdi thay rang hogt dOng
phy dao HS y i u kem la rat quan trpng v i khdng t h i thilu
trong cic mdn hpc,giiip HS chuan bj td't kiln thQc bat kjp c i c
ban trong ldp tich eye xay dyng b i i mdi,tilt hpc trd ldn sdi
noi,ri't nhp nhing cho GV va dem Igi chat lUdng dgy va hpe
cao
Hinh thQc d l chuan bj cho hogt dpng phy dgo HS y i u
kem l i :
-I- Len danh sich HS va tap trung thanh Idp hpc,
-I- Yeu eau HS xem Igi kiln thQc da hpc (GV chf djnh tUng
ndi dung phy dgo cy t h i d l HS xem lai)
-I- Van dyng thQ giai mpt sd bai tap bang nhilu hinh thQc
khae nhau (trd chdi )
-f Cho HS lam kilm tra trie nghidm cudi buoi phy dgo d l
dinh gia ngay kiln thQc ciia HS vQa nim bit
Tuy theo ndi dung tQng bii ma GV dua ra nhQng noi dung
t h i hien thinh tinh hudng, thanh nghi van cy thi, nhUng phai
cd dpng v i ed tinh thu hut sQ tim hilu ciia HS
2 Cau true g i i i phap
Thdi gian giinh cho hogt ddng nay thudng l i theo tilt dgy
b i m sat theo ndi dung b i i tren Idp nen G V can chuan bj trUde
chu d i o d nhi
Hogt ddng dien ra trinh ty nhu sau:
•f GV cung HS thao luan nhQng kiln thQc HS can bo
sung Igi
-t- GV hudng d i n kT hdn nhQng phan kiln thQc khd,phQc
tgp,de nhim lin
•I- Giii d i p ngay nhQng nghi v i n eiia HS giQp HS xac djnh ehfnh xic kiln thQc
+ HQdng d i n HS v$n dyng v i o c i c dgng b i i tap,
•f Dinh g i i k h i ning tilp thu b i i eiig HS cuoi gid phu dgp
3 Thyfc hl$n g i i ! p h i p Bing nhQng kinh nghidm c i c n i m qua tdi sif dung giai phip niy i p dyng cho m^t s l Idp v i m^t s l Idp d l ddi chieu,so sinh,tdi thiy ring HS hpe t i p rat t i t b i t kjp kiln thifc tren Idp,hQng thu vdi mdn hpe hdn: hing h i i gid tay phat bieu xay dyng bii,gid hpe sdi n i l hdn hin,nhilu em ed y thi/c cao trong tQ duy v i v i n dyng kiln thQc, ydu thfch bo mon,kiem tra dinh g i i k i t qiia dgt k h i cao da giup tdi manh dan dUa
ra giai phip niy
IV KET QUA DAT DI/0C
Qua giing dgy thye nghiem trong 3 ldp nam hoc
2010-2011 tdi nhin thiy ring kiln thQc bj hing eiia cac em dUdc
b l sung ding k l Trong ldp c i c em rit sdi noi,hing say phat bieu,nhieu HS
td ra ydu thieh mdn hpc n i y v i ludn hoin thinh tdt nhC/ng npi dung m i GV dQa ra
Vi^c dilu khiln c i c hogt dpng ciia Giao Vi§n tren Idp rat nhp nhing nhUng Igi rit hidu qua,GV cd thoai mai thdi gian lien hg thye t l kiln thQc bai hpc v i nang eao kiln thi/c cho
HS k h i gidi
Sau day la kii't qua clanh gia HS: (kiem tra 1 tiet;
Ldp
l l A
IOCB2
IICB5
Sl so
42
44
35
Diem>5
26
26
25
Dieni<5
0
8
10
Diem 9,10
16
10
0
V KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj
1 Ket luan
Su nhan thQc sau sac v i dung dan v l npi dung k i l n
thQc,hinh thQc to chQc v i phUdng p h i p giing day dudi sy
hudng d i n eiia GV trong t i l t hpe phy dgo da trd t h i n h
mdt yeu td quan trpng d l hinh t h i n h d HS thdi quen hpe
tap tdt.Cae em da nhan thQc dung d i n y nghTa cua viec
hpc v i dang cd thai dp hpc tap ri't td't
Tuy nhien ben cgnh dd edn ed mdt sd rat ft HS (dp
yeu to khach quan) edn Id l i viec hpc dang can dUde sy
phoi hdp giao due t o i n dien cua cae GV bp mdn.GVCN
Moi khi lam xong mdt b i i t o i n , ty nhien c i c em se
day len trong Idng mdt niim sung sudng Niim sung sUdng
ay eiia c i c em cung ehinh l i ndi vui mQng v i ude vpng
eua ban than khi viet s i n g k i l n kinh nghiem n i y
_ Chac c h i n day ehUa ban l i nhQng giai p h i p hay nhit,
m l u muc nha't nhUng nd se giup eho nhQng ngudi ydu
hpe trd, yeu n g h i , cd tam quyet vdi nghe mdt so kinh
nghiem de cdng t i e giang day trong n h i trudng dgt hipu
q u i td't hdn
Qua day tdi ri't mong ed sU gdp y nhiet tinh v i
Chan t h i n h eua quy ddng nghiep de tdi hoan chfnh
g i i i p h i p hdn
2 Kien nghj Trong khi thye hi^n giai p h i p nay tdi cd gap mot sd khd k h i n cho GV cung nhu cho HS.Vi v^y toi co mot so
k i l n nghj nhu sau:
- C i n phd'i hdp giC?a GVBM,GVCN, Nha trudng va hgi cha mg HS d l kjp thdi v$n ddng cac em bo tiet de cac
em di hpc d i u d$n
N h i trudng n§n cd thU vi#n cho HS de trong qua trinh nghidn cQu k i l n thQc c i c em cd ndi mUdn tai lieu,tham
k h i o v i md r^ng
- N h i trudng c i n x i y di;ng thgm phdng hpc de co the
b l tri Idp phy dgo ti't ca cac mdn hgc cho cac em HS yeu kdm bO mdn
- Khdng nhQng ch? bd mdn hoa hpc ma cac mdn hoc
k h i c cac GV nen chQ trpng sau hdn van de chuan bj noi dung,phUdng phap va hinh thQc phy dgo cho HS cd tinh khdi gc?i sQ hQng thii de HS cd the nam bat theo kjp kien thQc c i c mdn hpc
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1 SGK hoa hpc 10,11
2 Sach hudng dan dn tap hoa hpc 10,11
3 Sach tham khao