DAY DOC HIEU VAN HOC DIA PHUOIVG d NHA TRlldNG PHO THONG THEO DAC TRITNQ LOAI THE Q TS Lg TH| PHL/QNG'''' N^i dung Vdn hgc dia phuong (VHDP) duqc duo vdo chuong trinh sdeh gido khoa (SGK) NgiJ vdn trung[.]
Trang 1DAY DOC HIEU VAN HOC DIA PHUOIVG
d NHA TRlldNG PHO THONG THEO DAC TRITNQ LOAI THE
Q TS Lg TH| P H L / Q N G '
N^i dung Vdn hgc dia phuong (VHDP) duqc
duo vdo chuong trinh - sdeh gido khoa
(SGK) NgiJ vdn trung hqe ca sd (THCS) Hi
nam 2002 nhdm gido dqc cho HS hiiu bilt v l
6\a phuong noi minh sinh sd'ng, bdi dudng Hnh
y6u Idng xdm, qud huong Song, khd khdn \dn
nhdt ddi vdl gido vidn (GV) vd HS hidn nay khi
dqy VO hqc n§l dung ndy chtnh Id v l phuong
phdp dqy hqc (PPDH) Ldm t h i ndo d l giup ede
em t h ^ duqc «cdl ridng" Hong «cdl chung" d
mil tdc phdm VHDP, hi dd bd sung Idm phong
phu vd Idm sdng Id cho chuong Wnh chfnh khdo?
Theo chung tdi, dgy dge hiiu vdn theo die hung
k>gl the {IT) Id PPDH hl^u qud phu hqp vdi bdn
chdt cdt Idl ciJa vdn bdn nhin hi gde dd phuong
thiic bilu dqt, phu hqp quon d i l m xdy di/^ng
chuong Hinh, SGK Ngi? vdn hl^n hdnh
1 7?»e fop/ (TL) Id «hinh thiie sdng hie vdn
hpc, nghd thudt, phdn chlo theo phuong thiic
phdn dnh hidn thuc, vdn dqng ngdn ngu, Vdn
hqc cd nhilu TL: tu sv, fru finh, k k h ' (1); cdn LT
- «fcoo gim «logl' hay (logt hinh) vd «thi' (hay
^itdl) Trong tdng logi cd cdc thi nhd Logi h/
SI/ cd tl/ SI/ ddn gian, h/ st/ trung dgi vd h/ si/
hiin dal Ti/ si/ ddn gian Igi cd cdc thi ngi/ ngdn,
dtfch, thin thogi, truyin thuyit Logi tra tinh
nS fri7 tinh ddn gian, tru tinh hung dgi vd hl$n
dal bao gim thi ca dao, h/c nga, tha ci Hii
tnjyin thing, tha h/ do " (2)
Mdl fA^ trong logi d i u mang ddc trung, thi
phap khdc nhau Vi vdy, hllu bilt If ludn v l hing
TL cung nhu mdl t h i trong hing loql sd giup G V
vd HS cd hudng Hip cdn Idc phdm phu hqp hon
2 Cdc TL vdn hqc trong chuong trinh vd
tdi lidu dqy hqc VHDP Thanh Hda
Mdt Hong nhiing ddi mdi co bdn cOa chucmg
trinh, SGK Ngu vdn THCS hidn hdnh Id cA/cr vdo
TL tdc pham d l id chiic dqy hpc (chii khdng theo
Ijch si> vfin hpc) VI vgy, ede vdn bdn (VB) dupe
ftp Chi filao due s6 2 8 7 (in i • 6/aoia)
Ivo chqn phdi viia Hdu bilu cho cdc TL d cdc thdi
k) l|eh sd vdn hqe viio ddp iing tdt eho v l ^ dqy cdc kilu VB Hong phdn mdn Tip Idm vdn Ld mdt
bd ph^n Clio ndi dung dqy hpe phdn mdn Vdn
hgc, VHDP Thanh Hdo eOng dupc bidn soqn theo
hudng ndy
Nhdm Hong b} cho HS kT ndng dge hiiu TL
vdn bdn ndn chuong Hinh VHDP Thanh Hda d cd bdn khdl/ldp d,7,8,9, bdn eqnh loql bdi khdi
qudt vdn hqc (vdn hqc sii) cdn \dp trung chO y l u vdo hol TL chfnh Id ti/ si/ (gdm hj sq ddn glon, hj
sy hidn dql vd hu finh) vd hu tinh (gdm trO Hnh
ddn gian (eo doo), Hu Hnh Hung dql vd hi? finh hidn dqi)
/ ; Dgy dge hiiu tha hv tinh Thanh Hda theo ddc trung LT Chu Hpng dd'i Krpng phdn
dnh md coi nhp ihdl dd phdn dnh cua chO t h i Hv finh tdc gid dong Id mqt thdi quen phd biln Hong
dqy hqc TL tho hu finh d nhd Hudng hidn nay
Chdng hqn, hqc «chum tho thu" cDo Nguyin
Khuyin, phdn «Hu6ng din hgc bdf Hong N g u
vdn 1 ] (3) khdng cd mdt cdu hdi ndo hudng don
HS fim hllu tdm trqng u hodi, thoo thiic cuo nhd tha Hude thdi eudc, Hude cdnh nude mdt nhd tan
Ddi vdl VB «Bd/ tha vi tiiu dil xe khdng kfnh" eOa Phqm Tiln Dudt eung vdy, phdn «Cdu hdi hudng din dge hieu vdn bdn" Hong Ngir vdn 9
(4) c^t tap trung vdo v l ^ phdn h'ch hinh dnh ngudi Ifnh Idl xe Trvdng Son trong nhCHig ndm ddnh
Mr Hoy Hong oiMitsibdl ca dao viditvd ngudi Xi} Thanh' (5), cd 4 cdu hdi hudng dan fim hllu
bdi cOng ehl ydu cdu HS fim hllu chu d l , d l tdi Clio 11 bdi CO doo
Dl vdo t h i gldl cuo ehu i h l h v Hnh mdi chinh
Id dl vdo bdn ehdt cdt Idl cuo tho - bdi «hong tho, mpt Id Hnh, hai Id cdnh, ba Id s / (Ld QuJ-Ddn) vd «f:^dl chO hgng quy cdch, nhung Idm
*TnA>iiKflaib9cllAHB«c
Trang 2vdy, «vd'n di quan hgng quyit djnh chd't tha cda
mil tdc phim vin Id hiu chf xuc cdm, tiiu chf
npi dung tra tinh cua tdc gldT (d)
Vdn dyng nhiJng kiln thiic If ludn Hdn vdo dqy
hqc cdc bdi tho HO Hnh Thonh Hda Hong nhd
Hudng sd cd 2 hudng khoi thde, dd Id: 1) Tim
hllu n^l dung bdi tho quo mqch edm xuc cua
chu t h i h i i finh (fim hllu iheo Idl cdt ngang Idn
luqt theo khd - doqn); 2) Td chue dqc hllu theo
Idl bd dpc hie theo HT^C y hi (v( dy, n l u dpc hllu
bdi tho <iNgil buin nhd mp ta xucf cOa N g u y i n
Duy iheo ldi «cdt ngang' thi ndi dung chfnh Id
tdm trqng xuc d$ng, budn, thuong, file, nhd ngudi
m? qud cd lom lo, \do ldn, ddn hdu cuo nhd iho;
cdn nlu khoi thdc theo Idi «bd dqc' tht ndi dung
chfnh duqc i h l h l ^ Hdn hai «Hvc" vdn d l : tdm
Hqng budn dau, file ihuong, do dllt nhd m^ cOa
nhd tho vd hinh dnh ngudi m? qud cd vdl nhCHig
phdm chdt tdm xuc ddng Idng ngudi, )
Ridng ddi vdl vdn bdn trQ finh ea doo, cdn
eho y ihdm v l mdt thi phdp vl bdn eqnh nhiing
ddc dilm gidng tho cua ede h5e gid ihudc ddng
vdn hpe vilt, eo doo ed nhOng iifyc dilm ridng
bi$t Ngdn ngu ca doo Id si/ kit hqp giua ngdn
ngii tho vd ngdn ngu ddi ihudng: f-TrdI cho cdy
ciy diy ding/Xu ndo xu r)6y hong Idng vui ghi/
Mpt mai git lua dem vi/Thd cha kfnh mp nhiiu
bi hiiu frung" (7) hoy f^Anh ai cd chf canh ndng/
Oifn phin to cling dugc hong tdm f^in/Can chi
di ruing md ngdm/Ldm ruing 1^ lOa nudi /dm
Iiy to/Tim cd Ida, ruing cd mua/Chdm Idm trdi
cung din bu cd khr (8) Lpl ed xu hudng Vl$t cd
khi sii dyng ede tdn ridng chf d|a d i l m hon Id
cdch «ndi ndm' f^dn dnh n i n vdn hda Idu ddi
cua vung ddt Thonh Hda gidu truyin thdng dd
ngdm sdu vdo cdch ndi, cdch h/ duy cua rtgudl
ddn Chdng hqn nhu «Kd Trqng' Id Idng Tri Trqng
thudc xd Hodng Q u ^ huy$n Hodng Hda; «Kd C d f
Id Idng Pho Moo vd Idng Cdt M a o thudc xd Hodng
Cdt h u y ^ Hodng Hda; «Kd Mau" Id Idng Mau
An thudc xd Hodng Cdt huy$n Hodng Hda: *Din
ring Ki Trgng ldm cau/Ki Cdt lim mla, Ki Mau
16m tiin"; ho^c cung cd nhilu dj bdn nhd si/
chu/ln ddi dja danh (Kd Cdt/Nam Dmh/An PhO}:
v.Hdl cd thdt lung bao xanh/Cd v i Ki Cdt vdi
anh thi vi/Ki Cdt cd ruing tu bi/Cd ao tim mdt
cd nghi kpo nhct (9)
khdng chju «khudn' vdo nhOng ludl 1^ cd sdn, do
dd CO doo ndi chung, co doo Thanh Hda ndi ridng
hdn nhidn, mde mqe phdn dnh tdm tu flnh cdm, Idl dn Hing ndi cuo \dp ngudi binh ddn: tNua dim thi/c giic hdng hdl/Ngdl sao Bdc Diu dd ddi sang ddng/Budc vdo p/idng hgc ggi ching/ Trd ra cit gdnh Idm ding kdo trucf (10) Kilu
kit cdu mdl v l don gidn Id ndi v§t, ndi cdy d i n ndi ngudi nhung d i u hudng vdo ehu d l ea ngql ngudn cdi, cdng sinh ihdnh vd dqo If sdng ed
hllu nghla;« Tning ring k/ln6ra ring/Hgt xoan /q/ nd cdy xoan rudm rd/Cd cha mdl sinh ra to/ ldm nin thi bdi mp cha wn tring/Khin ngoan nhd im cha dng/Ldm con phdi dodl ti tdng phi/ng thd/Dgo ldm am chd hOrtg hd/Pbdl dem hiiu kfnh mdlhdh> nghlinf (11) N h u vdy, dilm
gid'ng nhou cuo 11 bdi ca doo Thonh Hdo vdl
CO doo Vl^t N a m H^ong SGK Ngff vdn 7 Id d i u sii dqng t h i lyc bdt, sd dyng kit h^p hi Hdn Vl^t vdi ngdn ngD ddi thudng, kilu k i t cdu mdt v l don gidn; sd dyng dja danh theo chiic ndng djnh danh d l co ngqi vd d^p tru phu, thdi binh cOa mdt huy$n miln b i l n N g a Son Hnh Thanh
Hdo: «Mlin Thanh Hda huyin Nga hs/Cd cdy thang mic quic gia thdi binh' (12) vd khdc nhou
d chd: khdng cd bdi ndo su dyng kilu k i t cdu hai v l Hrang hqp (khdng cd ddi ddp); khdng ndi v l Hnh ydu ddi Ida (mdng d l tdi hdp dfin cuo ca dao Vl^t Nam) md su dyng nhilu y l u td mang bdn sdc dja phucmg (nhu dja danh, Idl
dn Hing ndi, tfnh cdch tdm hdn ) t h i hl|n nilm h/ hdo v l mdt vung dd't thidng, gidu hvyin thdng vdi nhOng con ngudi hdn nhidn, bdc In/c, cdn
cu chju khd, H^ng dqo nghla: < 6 a vudng sdnh vdl bdy trdn/Ddi cha nhdn dOc ddi con sang gldu/Trdl ndo cd phi/ al dQu/Hay Idm ihl gidu
cd c/ifrf»f n d n ' ( 1 3 )
2) Dgy dge hiiu trvy^n Thanh Hda iheo dictnmgLT rnj>i^ldmdtTLft!icphdmvdnhpc
Hdu bilu cho loql hinh h/ sy, cOng Id sdn phdm cOa hu cdu sdng tqo cua nhd vdn Khdc vdl chtjiy^ (sy v i ^ dupe k l lql, cd i h l xdy ra Irong ddi s ^ g ,
d bd't kl noi ddu ; Id «chd'l l l ^ ' Idm ndn cit
fryyi^, mdt Hong nhilu y l u Id cdu thdnh Ide phdm
\TU^), huyin Id mdt thudt ngu gql tdn mdt TL,
dupe bdc Id qua cdc y l u I d quan trpng nhu sy
Vlin (ehl H 4 Hnh Hit, cdt Hvy^n), nhdn vdt, hdn
Tap chi filao dye so 2 8 7 od i - </aoia)
Trang 3gian vd nhjp didu Hdn thudt VI vdy, khi dqy Huy^n
d n chu y khai thde cdc y l u t d ndy Tuy nhidn,
bSn eqnh nhiing ddc d i l m chung cuo Huy^n, G V
va HS cdn nhdn dl^n vd djnh vj cho tdng foq/
trong TL H/ sy d l cd cdch thiic dpc h l l u h^c phdm
ph£i hpp Cy t h i :
; ; O huy$n d tich Truydn cd Heh t h i hl^n
udc mo Clio ngudi ddn lao d$ng v l mdt eudc
sing edng bdng, tdt d^p V i vdy, ihudng cd nhthig
«nhdn vdt chiic ndng", khdng cd ddi sdng ndi
tfim md chi nhdm thyc hl^n mdt sd chiic ndng
trong Huy§n vd trong v l ^ phdn dnh ddi sdng
2) 6 huyin ciNch thin ki: nhdn v§t ed hai
bgl: eon ngudi vd lyc luqng sidu nhidn Con
ngudi dtn^c chlo Idm hoi h j y i n : thlin dc; tit
-xdif Sy phdt t r i l n cua cd't truydn trong c d Heh
chfnh Id sy phdt t r i l n cuo xung ddt gido hai
tuyln dd d l cudi cOng cdi td't, edi thl^n sd c h i l n
thing vd cdi de, edi xdu bj Hiing Hj V I v ^ y , edn
bdm vdo 3 y l u t d : nhdn vdt chue ndng, y l u t d
hoang dudng, kl d o vd y nghla cOa Hvy^n i i
clt nghla If gldl cdi li tdn lql cOa ndi dung vd
ngh$ thudt Hong truydn
Vi dy, Huy^n cd h'ch Phuong Hoa ihudc TL ed
tfch thdn kl, o6 lyc luqng sidu nhidn Id «thdn nhdn
b6o mdng eho v u a ' ciiu Cdnh Ydn h l l n t d i , trOng
trj quon vd Tdo Trung Uy vd kd gian dc Hd N g h i
Truy^ Phuang Hoa gidng mpt sd H v y | n ed Heh
ihin kl Vl$t Nam (Td'm C d m , Sq D d a , Thqch
Sanh, Chi> D d n g Tt) } d n h i l u y l u t d thi plidp
TL, chf khde Id nhdn vdt tdi gidi Hong hvydn c d
h'ch ndy Iqi Id m$t phy nO mang h'nh cdch dde
trung cOc con ngudi Thanh Hda N g u d i vd v l ^
Hong Hu)^n d i u gdn vdl nhung tdn ddt tdn Idng
cv t h i cOo Hnh Thanh Hda Sd d y n g md tfp k i l u
nhdn vpt ldi gidi (hvydn Phuong Hoa) khdng ehl
thyc hifn duqc udc n>o cOo nhdn ddn loo ddng
v4 m$t xd hdi cdng bdng md cdn Idm ngudi dqc
xitc d$ng, h/ hdo v l H u y i n thdng ddt vd ngudi
qud Thanh Idl gldl, thdng minh, chfnh Hvc, khdng
chju khudt phyc h v d c cudng q u y l n
3) khuyin hl$n dal Thanh Hdo (cd 4 Ide phdm
day d Idp 8 vd ldp 9}, cho y l u cd hai hudng H i p
cdn: iheo h§ thdng nhdn vdt hodc theo cdt H v y f n
Nhdn vdt Hong hvy#n hi$n dqi khdng tdn tql k i l u
nhan vdt chuc ndng niia md Id 'nhdn vdt Hnh edeh'
vd«nhdn vdt h / h i d n g " Nhdn vdtThdi Vdn Trdng
fiPChi filao due s6 2 8 7 (b i • •/aoia)
eha (Huyfn Ngudi tinh cOa cha), ngudi phy nu
M u d n g (Huyfn ngdn Q u d cdn), gido su Ldm vd Trung (truy§n Q u d khi}) d i u thudc loqi nhdn vdt
Knh cdch
Gidng nhu dqy dqc h l l u tdc phdm vdn hpc Hong chuong Hinh chfnh khdo, dpy dpc hllu, Idc phdm VHDP cdn xudt phdt h i d^c Hung TL Tuy nhidn, d l HS h l l u b i l t v l dja phuong minh dang sdng, bdi dudng Hnh ydu qud huong eho cdc em, cdn chu y k i t h<;^ n h i l u hinh thiic nhu: khoi thdc cdc y l u t d mong bdn sdc dja phucmg Hong mdi hie phdm, sii dyng «kdnh hinh" minh hpo, tdchue ede budi hqc ngoql khdo, glao luu vdl nhd vdn dja phuong v l cdc tdc phdm VHDP Hong nhd Hvdng, Q
(1) Hoing Phe T a d t f n Ti£iig Vt$t WiB Dd Ndng,
2006
(2) NguySn Vi£t Ch(^ Plunnig phlip d^y bpc tdc phim vfin chucmg trong nhfi tnidng NXB Gido due Vi^t
Nam, H 2009
(3) v a n hpc 11 (t*p 1) NXB Gidodvc H 2005
(4) Nguyfin KhSc Phi (chii bifin) Ng*vfin 9 (tjp 1) NXB Gido rf{ic,H 2005
(5)(7) (8), (9) 10), (11).(12) (13) SdGD-DT Tlianh Hda Tdi lifn dpy hpc kifn thih; <1|B phuwng Ngiy vfin
vd L|ch s * I<^ 6, 7, 8, 9 NXB Thanh Hda,
2006-2007
(6) Nguydn Thi Du Khinh Thi phdp bgc vfi vfin Ak gidng dpy vfin hpc trong nhd trudng NXB Gido due
Vift Nam, H 2009
Tfiili^u tham khdo
1 Bo GD-DT Hudng ddn thyic hifn n^i dung gido
dfic dia phuong & cdp trung hpc ca sd vd cdp trung fiQc phd thdng ta ndm hpc 2008-2009
2 NguySn Xufin Kinh Thi pbfip ca dao NXB Khoa hpc xd hiii, K 2006
SUIriMARY
Local knowledge Is one of the cultural backround cultivate love for cuontry students How
to help students see the Individual In the general literature In each area? Since then additional en-rich and clarify the format curricula Teaching greading local literature is like teaching read liter-ary vimrks in the formed curricuksmusf come from ^DO-dflc categories This method Is effective in accor-method of expression, consistent point of building programs, texbooks, current language
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