sir DUNG BAI TAP TINH HUHNG HE REN LUYEN CHO HOC SINH CAC Kl NANG NHAN THITC TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC O TS P H A N BIJC D U V Dqy hqc (DH) ndi chung DH Sinh hqc (SH) hoi rilng khdng chi don thudn Id hon[.]
Trang 1sir DUNG BAI TAP TINH HUHNG HE REN LUYEN CHO HOC SINH
CAC Kl NANG NHAN THITC TRONG DAY HOC SINH HOC
O TS P H A N B I J C D U V
Dqy hqc (DH) ndi chung DH Sinh hqc (SH)
hoi rilng khdng chi don thudn Id hong b|
dio hqc sinh (HS) kiln ihiic md phdi ihdng
quo kiln Ihlic d l hinh thdnh vd bdi dudng cho
HS kr ndng (KN) hr duy, ndng li/c nhdn thiic de
cdc em cd khd ndng h/ hqc vd vdn di/ng cdc
kiln Ihlic hqc du<?c vdo iht/c tiln Trong cdc KN
nhdn thiic thi cdc K N : Phdn Kch-tdng hqp, so
sdnh, khdi qudt hda, suy ludn ddng mdt vol trd
h i t Stic quon h-qng Irong qud h-lnh hqc tqp bd
mdn SH Mdt Irong nhitng bi^n phdp hiiu hl|u
d l r l n luyin cdc K N nhdn thiic cho HS h'ong
DHSH dd Id su dgng bdl tdp Hnh hudng (BHH)
Thdng quo gidi cdc BTTH do gido vidn (GV) ndu
ra HS viia m h hdi duqc sdu sdc kiln thtic vd
rdn luy^n du<7C KN hr duy Trong phqm vl bdi
vilt chdng Idl sij dyng BTTH d l r l n luy^n cdc
KN nhdn thtic cho HS
1 K N phdn Kch - idng hqp Phdn Kch Id si/
phdn chlo hong hr duy ddi hiqiig hoy hi|n hn?ng
thdnh nhiing y £ i td hqp thdnh, cdc ddu hilu, cdc
ddc Knh rilng bi$l cuo ddl luqng hoy hl|n hi<?ng
dd thdnh nhiing y l u td nhd hon ho$c nhiing mdi
quon h | gtOa lodn t h i vd bd phdn, quon hd gidng
lodi nhdrn ttm kilm bdn c h ^ ctio chOng
Trong DH, vdn d l hinh ihdnh KN phdn Kch
cho HS cdn phdi dugc col frqng Tu^ ddc d i l m
hing mdn hqc vd nhilm vv hqctdp cy t h i , G V da
<^ ro nhiing yeu cdu phdn Kch khdcnhau.Nhtmg
mi/c dich chli y l u ciia vile r l n luy$n KN phdn
Kch Id hinh ihdnh cho HS ihdl quen Ilm hilu si/
vdt, h l ^ h/qng cd chilu sdu, nhdm ndm dugc
bdn chdt cOo ddi hji^ng nghidn ciiu Trln co sd
6/ md xdc ^ n h duoc Knh chdt, mdu thudn nqi
h;ii, ddng li/c phdt h i l n vd cdc vdn d l khdc
Tdng hqp Id sv kft hqp hong hr (Juy cdc y l u td,
cdc thdnh phdn cuo si/ vdt hay hl|n h/qng hong
mdt chlnh I h l Trong tht/c k mql si/ vdt, h l ^ hrgng
d ^ tdn tql ddng thdt cdc y l u Id cOng nhu cdc mdt
khdc nhou Idc ddng ldn nhou D l nhqn thtic ddy
dii St/ v<il, hidn hjqng, con ngudt thudng bdt ddu xem xet tti nidt tdng i h l todn v ^ , nghla Id tdng hqp sobd, sou dd mdi phdn Kch King y l u Id, cudi cOng tdng hc^ coo hon, ddy dO hem
Rln luy$n KN tdng hqp nhdm gliip HS sdp
x i p nhOng sd lidu, nhdng si/ kiln ldn x$n, rdi rqc
vd do dgng md cdc em thu thdp duqc quo nghidn cihJ li ludn vd khdo sdt tht/c Kin thdnh nhiing si/ vdt, nhirng ht^n tucmg, nhOng qud hrlnh hodn chlnh, thdng nhdt
Phdn Hoi vd tdng hqp Id hoi m$t ciia mdt qud h'lnh hr duy thdng nhdt lidn h | mdt thill vdi nhou Tdng h<?p so bd ban ddu cho la dn luqng chung v l ddl h/i?ng nhd dd md xdc djnh duqc
phuong hudng phdn Kch cho dd'i tuqng Tit si/
phdn Hch ddi higng s i glOp to cd mdt nhdn thtic ddy do hon v l ddt luqng, phdn tfch cdng sdu ihl SI/ idng h(7p cudi cung cdng coo, cdng ddy dO St/ tdng hqp hodn chlnh s i dnh hudng d i n chdl lu<?ng ctia st/ phdn Kch H i p theo Cii nhu vdy, nhdn thtic ngdy cdng l i l n sdu vdo bdn chdt cOo
$1/ vdt, hidn hrgng
Phdn tich vd tdng hqp trong SH thudng duqc dDng d l phdn Kch cdu tqo co quan, h$ co quon,
CO i h l ; phdn Hch co c h l , qud trinh SH
Vf d y : Sou khi hqc xong chuong Cdu hiic t l
bdo (SH 1 0 ) , <3V cho BTTH: Mfl nhd sinh hgc
ehf/p dnh hiin vi diin h>: Hal dnh li hdo diufi, hai dnh lefcdo Iddfuvd hat dnh vi khudn f.Cd/l nhung dng quen ddnh ddu hinh vd di ISn Ifn Niu chlcdncdcghi chO quan sdt sau ddy em cd thi phdt hiin dnh ihufc ddl lugng ndo khdng! Hinh A.U/clgp,cdc ribdxdm, nhdn; HinhB Vdch
Hf bdo, mdng fcdo cAd*; Hinh C Ti ihi, vdch li
bdo, mdng hdo chA; Hinh D Cdc vi dng, bf mdy GdngI; Hinh E Mdng t d o chdl, cdc ribdxdm; Hinh F Nhdn, hdl nfi chdl hgi
2 K N so sdnh So sdnh Id si/ phdn Hch nhi/ng d i l m gidng nhou vd khdc nhou giiia
^ M M i W I t c s< ptaa • l i i Mc M
TMChiBtteihiC s6283 oai •«/»>IM
Trang 2hK/ng thdnh nhiing loql khdc nhou Tu^ muc
dfeh md phuong phdp so sdnh cd t h i ndng v l
Hm st/ gidng nhou hoy si/ khde nhou Trong
nhdn thiic eOng vdi st/ h i l u b i l l si/ vdt, hl$n
hrong Id cdi gl vd nhu t h i ndo, cdn phdi h i l u
duqc sv v^t, hl#n hK^ng ndy Uidng gidng si/
vdt, h l | n htqng khde d chd ndo thi phdi sii di/ng
d i n phuong phdp so sdnh
Quo so sdnh gliip HS phdn bl$l, h | thdng hod
vd Cling c d cdc khdi nidm ddng thdi so sdnh Id
mdt thao tdc lu duy rdt quon Irong gl6p HS Hm h3
c6\ mdi Cdc hinh ihiic diln dql so sdnh cd t h i
bdng Idi; bdng h | thdng hoy bdng phdn Hch;
honh so dd; bilu dd; so dd logic
Vf dy: Cd mftsadd so sdnh si/phdt sinh giao
10 di/c vd gloo 10 cdi nhung chua day dO Em
hdy hodn chlnh so dd dudi ddy di mdy dugc
diim gidng vd khde nhau glOa 2 qud trinh ndy
3 K N khdi qudt hod Khdi qudt hod Id hogt
ddng trf h t | cdp coo nhdm gom ode ddi hjqng cd
cOng thudc Knh vd bdn chdl vdo mdt nhdm Id
qud h-Inh chuyin h> cdi don nhdt lin cdi ehung
Sv khdi qudt hod, glQ vol ird chii y l u trong khi
hinh Ihdnh cdc khdi nl|m mdt 6 HS khdi qudt
hod diin ra trdn eo sd phdn Kch, so sdnh
Ngudt ta phdn b l | l cdc hinh thiic sou ddy cdo
khdi qudt hod: - Sa bf: Diln ra khi M gidc tdi
ll$u mdi, k i t qud Id hinh ihdnh bilu hrong chung
v i ddi hiqng nghidn ciiu; - Ci/e i d : Khi phdt hidn
ra bdn chdt b i n hong cOo ddl hn?ng nghiln ciiu,
ddn ldi vide hinh thdnh khdi nidm eye bd, hie Id
khdi ni|m rlftig rg; - CJitjyln di Ddn tdi vi|c hiih
hdl mdt h | thf^g khdi nl|m v l nhOng ddi hn^ng
ding kx?i; - Tdng kit: Khi hinh ihdnh hi ihdng
nhOng khiSi nl|m thudc v l mdt mdn hqc; - I/dn
mdn: N h d dd md Ilhh hdl mfl hd thdng khdi nl|m
glOa cdc mdn
KN khdi qudt hod d mdi HS ludn ddng vol hd
Tyo Chi Blio dgc s6 2 8 3 od i.«/««,«
h-ien Idl miic cao do, chinh KN ndy giup HS tdeh duqc edi ehung, cdi bdn chdt, nhihig mdi lien he bdn trong m o n j Knh quy ludt cuo Idl lidu nghidn etiu, hqc Iqp bang con dudng phdn Kdi ehl mot st/ vgt, hl|n hrong diln hinh md ihol Bdng ed<ii
dd HS sS Ket kidm dut?e siic lue, thdi gian hqc ldp Clio minh, biet khdm phd cdc W thiic khoo hqc bdng nhitng phuong phdp idl tnj
V i dv: Khi tdng kit bdl Gidm phdn |SH 10)
mql HS dd duo ra kit ludn rdng: 'Ldn phdn bdo
tho nhdt mdi ihi/c chdt Id phdn bdo gidm nhiem edn Idn phdn hdo ibO 2 dugc col Id Idn phdn bdo nguyin nhiim' Theo em kit lugn dd diing hay salt lildl thich
4 K N suy ludn Suy ludn Id hinh thih: ciia lu
duy nhd dd hit ra phdn dodn mdi Ki mdt hoy nhilu phdn dodn theo cdc quy tdc bglc xdc djnh Bdt kl suy ludn ndo cung gdm Kin d l , kit ludn vd ldp ludn Tiln d l (cdn ggi Id phdn dodn xudt phdt) Id phdn < ^ n chdn thvc tii dd nit ra phdn dodn mdi Kit ludn Id phdn dodn mdi thu dugc bdng con dudng ksgic h> cdc Hin d l Cdch thiic bglc rOt ra kit ludn h> ede Hin d l gql b ldp ludn Quan hd suy diln logic giiia cdc Kin d l vd
k i t ludn dugc quy djnh bdl mdt liln h i glOa cdc
Hfti d l vi mdt n$l dung N l u cdc phdn dodn
khdng ed liln hd v l mft ndi dung thi khdng i h l ldp kjdn d l riit ra kit lugn
Cdn cti vdo cdch ihiic ldp luqn, suy ludn dugc
chlo ra thdnh suy ludn suy diln vd suy tudn quy ngp Suy ludn suy diln Id suy ludn hong dd Igp ludn h> cdi chung d i n cdi ridng, cdi don nhdt Stiy ludn quy ngp Id suy ludn trong i ^ IdP Ivdn hi cdi rilng, edi don nhdt d i n cdi chung Kht HS
duqc Irang bj KN suy ludn, HS cd t h i thu dugc hi
Ihlic mdi hi cise h-l thiic da bilt nhd suy ludn
V I dq: Sou khi hqc xong ehuong Dl truyin hqc ngudt (SH 12) G V cho HS gidl BTIH sou:
Mfl gia dinh ed 2 anh em sinh ddi eOng tning, diu khdng hi mO mdu dd - h/c Vg ngudi anh cd nhdm mdu A, mdt binh thudng dd sinh mft eon Hal cd nhdm mdu B, bj mu rndu dd - li/c Vg ngudi em cd nhdm mdu B, mdt binh ihudng dd sinh ro mft con Hai c6 nhdm mdu A I) DOa con trai mdu A cua ngudi em cd khd ndng hi mu mdu dd - Ivc hay khdng? Cidl ihleh? Xdc suit di liia hi ndy bl mO mau Id bao nhiiu? 2) Niu cd
(Xem Hip trang 53}
Trang 3dodn bdng Idl, ihdo lufn mSng nhdi vd ghi vdo
KS TN Cdc d l , dodn cd t h i Id: - Cdc axil HCI,
H C O , d i u Idm ddl mdu quj- Km thdnh mdu dd
nhu nhou; - Axil H , S O ^ d n iing vdi N a O H
nhung khdng phdn thig vol Cu(OH)2 tqo thdnh
mudi vd nudc; - Axit H O , H N O , d i u phdn ting
vdt cdc kim loql Fe, Cu gidl phdng kh! hidro;
-Axit HCI d i u cd I h l hSc dgng v6l cdc mudi
Nhdm hvdng td chtic cho nhdm tiln hdnh cdc
hoqt ddng vd ghi k i t qud Thdo ludn thdng nhdt
v l hi^n hiqng, gidi thfch, phuong h'lnh hda hqc
v d g h i k l l q u d v d o v d T N
Suiic 5 (d^/udn I M i l/iiic mdt G V y l u cdu HS
thdo ludn, rOI ra kit ludn v l kiln thtic mtfrl Kt mSl
kit qud TN Ddng thdt HS so sdnh kH qud vdt d l /
dodn trade dd vdi mSl cdu hdl Sou dd HS cd t h i
ihom khdo ndt (Jung SGK hodc mdt sd phdn ting
hod hqc do G V cung cdp Kft hqp vdt kit qud T N ,
HS kit kidn lOng Knh chdt vd nil ro kft ludn chung
v l Knh chdt hda hqc ctia axil HS so sdnh Knh c h a
axil da Hm du<;>c sou T N vdt y kiln ban ddu da
nlu ra d mgc 2 vd cho thdy dilm mdi phdt hl|n
duqc v l Knh chdt hda hqc cua axil G V y l u cdu
HS ghi Knh chdl ciia axit, vlft phuong hinh hda
hqc mlnh hqa, chO ^ dilu ktdn phdn ting vd miic
ii (tdt cd, mdt sd, nhilu axil )
PPBTNB da gdp phdn phdt h-lln ndng li/c
sdng tqo, ndng fi/c gidi quylt vdn d l , ndng li/c
hqp tdcciia HS, vl pntjong phdp ndy chO h-qng
chli I h l nhdn thiic Id HS Q u a phllu Idy y kiln
ciia nhilu G V phd thdng, gidng viln su phqm
cho b i l l , do sdghl nhdnlchd ndng dp dt/ng ciio
PPBTNB trong dgy hqc hdo hqc d THCS vd THPT
iheo djnh hudng phdt h-lln ndng It/c cho HS cd
Knh khd Ihl vd hi$u qud cao Tuy nhiln, d l thi/c
hl|n cd hl|u qud PPBTNB, cdn cd nhitng d i l u
kiln nhdt djnh nhir: ihdl glon, co sd vdt chdl
thill bj, phdng bd mdn, phu h^ T N vd chl dgo
chung v l ddl mdi phuong phdp, ddl mdi ddnh
gtd, l o c b l | l Id ndi dung thi td't nghl|p, thi hiyin
sinh cdc cdp Q
(•) C«o Thi Thtng - VO Anh Tuifr (chO bien) "Ap
dvng phucjng phip B4n u y n(Ui hot HtSa hgc 9" Vv
ODTrH - BO OD-OT, H.2011
TAi U^u tham Itliio
I Vv Gifto dvc ti&i hoc - Hoi gt^> go V i ^ Nam Phuong
phdp Bdn ray ndn b^r dp dfing vdo dpy mdn Khoa
hpc dinidng rilu hfc W#I Nam 2011
TM chi Blia dye s6 283 od i 4/«oin
(chu bien) - D6 Tit Hiln Ho4 Hgc 8 NXB Gido due
H.2007
2 Le Xuan Tn?ng (King chii bien, kiem chO bien) -Cao Thi Thjng - NgO Van Dv Ho< Hvc 9 NXB Ci<io
diic H 2007
SUMt4AI!y
-Hands-on' - a specific teachhg method forsut>-Jects of sciences, currently Is implemented In the sci-ence subject of primary schools and the subjects of physics, chemistry and btotogy In secondary schools Ttiis article Introduces the 'hands-on' method and istry sutilect Ttie orientatton to capacity devekypment for school students is also presented kl terms of teach-kigctiemlstrY
Sir dung bai tap tinh huong
(Tl^ theo trang 55)
2 gla dinh diu mudn sinh thim dOa con trai thu hai cd mdu B khdng b) mil mdu ihl khd ndng hi vgng ctio moi gia alnh hg dgt bao nhiiu %?
Bdng vl$c cho HS gidl cdc BTTH nhu trln hong qud Irlnh DH cdc phdn hong chuang H n h SH d THPT thi/c t l da cho t h ^ cdc KN nhdn Ihlic: Phdn Kch-tdng hqp, so sdnh, khdi qudt hdo, suy ludn d
HS da dui?c ndng cao rd r^t Nhihig BTTH rln Iuydn KN suy ludn da gdp phdn ndng coo chdt luqng cdc kl bdl dudng HS gidl d cdc Ifnh Qudng Binh, Qudng Trj vd Thiio Thidn H u l hong nhiing ndm gdn d ^ D
Tii litn tham khio
1 Phan DiSc Duy SAdi/ing bdi tdP Hnh hu^ng supham
dfrin luyfn cho sinh viin ktndng day hpc sinh hoc iMin an ti^n si giao dvc hoc, Dfii hvc suphgm Ha NOi
1999
2 TO Duy H(/p - Nguyin Anh Tuin Logic h v c NXB
Bdng Nai 1997
3 a Polya (Nguyin Sy Tuyln dich) Toan hvc v»
suyhi4ncl!ll.NXBG>doct|u:,H 1997
4 Nguyin ThanhD?t(t(ingchubien)-Ph9mVanI4p (chfl bien) - Dang HOu lanh - Mai Sy Tuin Sinh hqc
12 NXB Gido due H 2008
5 Nguyin Thinh Dat (to'ng chfl bien) - Ph?m Van LJp (chfl bien) - TrSn Dv Chi - Trinh Nguyen Giao - Pham
v a n Ty Shih hvc 10 NXB CiVio diic, H 2008
SUMMAIiV
the orflbte mentions the use of exercises to
prac-tlce sktus tor students In thek leaming process tias a posttlve effect of leaming ocltvtIlesfOf students