s f i DONG IHDNG TIN NGUIIC flf OlIU KHIIN QUA TRlNH DAY HOC MON SINH HOG NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LUONG DAY HOC O ThS PHAM DINH V A N '''' 1 Theo quan d i l m eua d i l u khi ln hgc, mdt trj nhd''''t dinh dd''''i v[.]
Trang 1sfi DONG IHDNG TIN NGUIIC flf OlIU KHIIN QUA TRlNH DAY HOC MON SINH HOG NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LUONG DAY HOC
O ThS P H A M DINH V A N '
1 Theo quan d i l m eua d i l u k h i l n hgc, mdt trj nhd't dinh dd'i vdi ed G V vd HS; vdi GV b i l t
ddi tugng dieu khiln dugc khi nd Id mqt h% todn TTPH d l d i l u chinh HDDH, vdi HS biet d l ty d i l u
ven vd tnang hS d d phdl tdn h^l hai ludng thdng chinh hogt ddng hgc Mdt khi QTDH tqo duqe lin chieu xudi vd chllu ngugc Q u d trinh dgy hgc hogt ddng d i l u chinh cua 2 ehu the d d thi ludn (QTDH) gdm n h l l u thdnh to, n l u tqo ducrc cdc mdi dqt dugc CLDH d d p ung mye tieu ddt ro Vi vdy, quon h& chdt che tuong tdc qua Iql giua chijng thi dd Id QTDH d i l u k h i l n dugc G i d trj dieu khien
CO t h i tqo thdnh mdt he thdng ed t h i d i l u khien cua thdng tin dugc xdc dinh bdi so lugng, do duoc, Mudn vdy, hoqt ddng dqy hgc (HDDH) phdi chinh xdc, tinh do dqng vd Hnh kjp thdi, cdp nhdt, tqo ra ede kenh thdng Hn hai chllu: xuol vd ngi/gc thudng xuyen Khi thda mdn cdc Heu ehi ndy thi
- thdng tin phdn hdi (TTPH) Cd t h i dien td U% thdng QTDH khdng ed nguy co thu vd sai nt/a
dqy hgc todn ven theo so d d sou:
Thong lintLf
GV va nhieu
nguan IdiSc
(A)
Ghl chu- + Kenh thOng tin xuol' A ^ B - » C - * D , - » D j
+ KenhthCngtinngiiOc'D, - • D j ^ E - ^ G - > A
So dd dieu khiin qud trinh day hqc
N h u vdy, nhd cd hai kenh thdng Hn dd md
qud trinh dgy hqc trd thdnh mdt he ed the diiu
khiin dugc Chd't lugng dgy hgc (CLDH) Id sy ddp
i/ng phu hgp muc Heu dqy hqe Chdt lugng dd se
khde nhau Kiy thudc vdo muc do ddp ung mye
tieu dgy hgc QTDH cd rdt nhieu yeu td nhieu
dnh hudng den Hnh htrdng dich, neu khdng chii y
cd t h i chSch khdi mye Heu ddt ra, N h u vdy, CLDH
t u phdn tich bdn ehd't ciia QTDH, bdn ehd't TTPH cho thdy
e d n t h i e t p h d i n g h i e n et/u phuemg phdp, tgo dung cdng
cy vd su dyng thdng tin ngugc
D l QTDH dqt k i t qud tdl uu, chung to edn khai thdc triet de TTPH vd su dyng nd theo quy trinh hgp li thi hieu qud dqy hgc
se dgt chdt luqng nhu mong mudn
2 Q u y trinh t d chuc QTDH
mon Sinh hoe theo nguyen Idc dieu Idiien bang
npH
1) Xdc dinh muc tieu hgc lap: De thiet k l ducc
bd cdng cy thu nhdn TTPH va iCt dyng nd v6o viec to
chuc qud frinh dgy hgc, tn/6c h i t GV cdn xdc dinh dugc mye tieu hgc tqp Mye heu hgc tqp se ehi phra todn bg cdc budc cua quy trinh td chuc dqy hoc bd
mdn Xac djnh mye Heu hqc tdp edn cdn cir vdo: cotnecnecn Knoi muc tieu a a r r a , iNnuvay,L.Lun , ^ ,• , L_- L j > • ( u _w.„
I ,1 -• i - j - • -• •*- -t.-i I L'. J Mye heu ehunq eua eriuong hinti dao TOO (ctiuong phu tnuoc h le tiiuan vol muc do dieu khien atroc ^ L J ^ - - L J - L\ J - J - ' ™ ^AI
; i - t - L / - - : ' -f-'-t.* iL>-.' jt • h-inn eu trie cua mon hoc quy dinh); doc diem nqi qua tnnh d o Ke tiep, muc dd dieu khien duoc j •, _ i • ' i.- -• J 0,^ v i
lai tl le thuan voi chat luong, so luong thong tin j ? L ' • i - L ' ^- L- 1 -ikA^U
1 4 " I - L-i-rni_i i>~ LT-rnLJi , L j f - thonhphoncuomycHeu,chungTOIphonloqithonn thu duoc qua kenh TTPH Kenh TTPH loi phu thuoe „ , ,S., j , ,_ _ J J
-I L ' J L /nfir,i_ji • L 3 loai: kien thuc; ki nang; thai do
vao phuemg phap dgy ^9= (PPDH) va phyong ^ ^^.^ ,,^^ ^^ J ^ ^ , j ^ , ^^ ^^
phap, cong cu_thu nhqn n P H Phuang phap va ^ ^ j ^ ^an tfch cau true noi dung la muc tieu cua
trong do PPDH nao kurh th.ch dugc hogt dgng , ^ ^ j ^ ^^ |^^^,, ^ ^ ^^^ ,^^„ ^^ Q ^ O H _
hen cue, sang tqo cua hgc sinh (Ho) thi cong dem
Igi nhieu TTPH ehinh xdc, da dqng TTPH ed gid * TnWng fi?i IHJC Bine TI»p
im' Tap chi Giao due s6 2 7 6 (ki a • ia/aon)
Trang 2bdi hgc phdl d q t n d trong mdi quon he rdng hon, kidn cho hq bqc Id h i t khd ndng hieu b i l t hi^n tqi
cdu thdnh eua mdt ehinh the Phqm vi dd chinh Id ^- " I n tdng de trdldi CH sou; CH khdng qud de d myc Heu, nql d u n g d d o too cOo mdt chuyen "^"^ ^9 tdi hi?n k i l n thuc nhung cung khdng qua ngdnh, mdt mon hoc, mdt phdn, mot chuong vd Y^^' ^f'^^ ^ ° ^^- ^°^ ^^ P^°' ^ ^qng BT nhdn cudi cung Id mdt bdi hoc eu the ^^^' chua dyng mdu jhuan veu edu HS con phdi
3 m / e » t e ' i > d cdng cu//lu n/,dn TTPH; n P H thu '"jy " 9 ^ ' - ?'°i ' ^ ' ' ^ 1 ' * L " ^ ^ ^ ^ " 9 , ^ 7 H'
duoc t i / n h i l u kenh khde nhau, nhu: qua quan sdt, ' ° " ng^-encuu kTnqi dung bol hoc xac djnh moi L-J Ljr»uT • uc ' L- I -f quan he giuo cai Diet va chua biet nham hm ra
quo coc «.n pham HDHT eua HS, qua cac bai kiem ^^^ ^hafthdc d l dot CH, HS thdng CH, BT edn
u c ' j ' • J° T ? ^^^V^ ' ' 1 ' ^ T • ' ^ P ' " ° ^ ^ s°P ^^P ^^^ frdt h/ logic, too thdnh bd cdng
HS do^toc dqng cua hoqt dgng dqy hqc tqo ra VI ^u hodn chinh Xdy dung / d p dn, thang d i l m vd
vdy, ve nguyen tdc cong eu thu nhqn thdng Hn phai cdc H^u chi ddnh gid, phdn loqi HPH
huy dgng, kich hoqt Idm boc Id td'i da sdn phdm tri 4) Td chuc hogt ddng hqe tap vd thu nhdn thuc cua HS Bd cdng ey thu nhdn TTPH ehinh Id he TTPH: GV su dyng bd cdng ey de td chuc thu nhdn
thdng cdc cdu hdi (CH), bdi top (BT) dugc thilt ke TTPH TCiy thudc vdo thdi diem thu nhdn TTPH md nhdm k i l m tra muc do h i l u cua HS qua qud trinh GV cd the td chuc theo cdc cdch khde nhau Cd 3 hqc tdp Khi thiet k e b d cdng cy thu nhdn TTPH edn thdi d i l m trudc, trong vd sou khi hqe bdi mdi cdn c u v d o myc
tieu eua bdi hqc,
ed'u true nqi dung
vd thdi diem thu
nhdn TTPH Xdy
dung bq cdng cy
ndydiroc tiln hdnh
nhu sou:
• Lap ma trqn
cho bd cdng ey:
Cdn eu v d o cd'u
true n g i d u n g ,
dung lugng kien
thuc cdc phdn, cdc
chuong, mye md
Idp r a mo t r d n
CH,BTsaochobd
cdng ey vua boo
qudt dugc todn bq
nqi dung vita t h i
h i e n d u g c c d c
t r o n g d i e m
nqi dung
- Xdy dung CH
BT: + Khi xoy CH,
BT cdn d d p u n g
cdc tieu chi sou:
CH, BT phdi chinh
xdc ve m q t n q l
dung, ngdn g q n ,
rd rdng, don t r j ;
CH BT d dqng neu
Tap chi Giao due so 2 7 6 (ki a • la/aon)
Bang
Nliiad^
Xultsac
2
Glol - T6I
3,S<))4m
3
3d»em
4
TBkua
2,5<n^m
5
TB
2,0 dllm
6
1,5 (Him
7
Mm
LOdl^m
8
Khfing x&p
I09I
O d l ^
Tieu chi ddnh TTPH vd dieu khiin QTDH bdng TTPH
TISu chi dinh giS TTPH
- Nim wOng kien Ihuc (KT) CO Dan, c6 kha nSng phSn tich (PT), t6ng hpp
riH], ktti\ qudt hiba (KOH) KT s3u sac vd sdng t^o
- T h ^ hi^n day du cdc ki ndng (KN) lien quan KT cua t>di tipc (BH) mpl cdch nhu&n nhuyin
- Nhdn IhiFc CiXK tam quan trpng (TOT) cua bit hpc, rSl himg thu (HT^,
nhi|t linh (NT) vd thch ci/c (TC) Iham gia cac ho^t dpng hoc lap (HBHT)
- N^m vffng KT co ban, c6 kha ndng PT, TH, KOH kien tntrc
- Thi;c ni^n day du cdc KN iidn quan d§n KT cua t>di hpc mpt cdch thuan
- Nhan thuc diii;tc TOT cua t>di hpc, HT, NT vd TC tham gia cac HDHT
- Thi;c ht^n day du cdc KN lidn quan d§n KT cua bdi hpc mpt cdch thdnh th^o
- Nhjn thiic du9c TOT cua BH, HT, NT, nhung chua Ihpt sif TC tham gia
cdc HDHT, doi luc Ihidu Idp trung
• n l m vCmg KT ca ban kha ndng PT, TH, KOH kIdn Ihilc chua day di
c6n sai, nhjm mpt s6 chi
- Thi^ hl^n diipc cdc KN lldn quan din KT cua t)dl hpc nhung c6n m^c
m$t s6 \b\
- Nh^n thilc dui?c TOT cua bdi hpc, HT, NT, nhung chua TC tham gia
cdc HDHT thilu lap trunq
- Ndm vDng KT ca ban, chua bl§t PT, TH KQH KT
- T h ^ hi^n diipc cdc KN lldn quan den KT cua bdi hpc d milcc dp idm
theo mdy m6c vd ciin mdc m$t s6 lot,
• Nh^n thuc diipc TQT cua bdi hpc HT nhung chua NT, TC tham gia cdc HDHT, Ihllut^p trung
- Nim di/cic mpl vdl chi tilt KT co bdn nhUng ctin sal nhllu ch5; chua
bill PT, TH, KQH
- Th^ic hl$n HiKfc m$t s i KN co ban llSn quan dSn KT ciia bdi hpc mpt
cdch mdy m6c vd cfin mdc nhieu ill
- Nh^n Ihilc dui?c TQT cua bdi hpc, nhung chua HT, NT, TC tham gia cdc HQHT, thilu tdp trung
- Hl^u chua dung va kiln Ihilc CO bdn vd chi t h ^ hl$n dui?c m^t s i kl ndng don glin
- MO h i v l TQT cua bdi hpc, chua HT, NT, tich cue tham ala cdc HDHT
- Mdc du c6 SI/ glOp dO, nhung hodn todn chua dua ra cdc KT vd chua thuc hl$n dU9c cdc KN cua bdi hpc
- MO b i v l TQT cua bdi hpc, hodn lodn khong HT NT, h'ch ct;c tham gia cac HDHT
Bieu khidn QTDH
d l d9t dlWC MT
GV thyc hl?n cdc cong vise sau
- Chuyen gia, co van, giup docho cac HS khde, hodc diBu hdnh thao lu^n,
- Tham gia chCfa BT cho
c a l i ^
- Thuc hipn BT cung c i
GV tuyen dutmg diln hinh IrwBc tdp thi liSp
- Hodn thdnh cdc CH, bdi tdp d^ng suy lujn, phdn tich kiln thC/c, Ty rfen luyen cac kT ndng, Thyc hien BT cung c l
- Hodn thdnh cdc CH, bai Idp phan tich, long hpp lung myc dp
- Thyc hien BT cung c l ,
GV nhac nhd HS d ging l$p trung chu y tham gia cdc HDHT vd giao cdc BT vinhd
- Tim ra nguyen nhdn cua
sy ylu kfem Nghifin ciAi
kl tdl li^u, hodn thdnh h^ thong CH, BT gpl y ciia
GV d l Hm ra KT bdi hpc
vd rdn luy^n KN
- GV nhdc nh6 HS c l gdng tflp trung chu ^ khde trdch nhi^m vd giao cdc
BT v l nhd
^
Trang 3trudc khi dqy bdi mdi G V su dijng d ^ hl^u d$c
diem HS, cdn HS cung bl^t minh dd ed nhung
kien thuc ndo; TTPH trong khi dqv bdi mdi d ^ GV
ud'n ndn, d i l u khig'n kjp thdi sal Idm cua HS, mdt
khde TTPH edn su dyng trong PPDH d ^ kfeh thfch
nhdn thuc cua HS; TTPH sou khi d q v bdi mdi cd
gid trj k i l m tra, ddnh gid k^t qud ddu ra N^u Id
trudc vd sou thi budc ndy chi thu nh^n TTPH md
khdng k^t hqp vdi td* chuc hoqt d§ng hqc tdp G V
giao CH, BT cho SV hodn thdnh trong mot thdi
gian nhd't djnh, sou d d thu Iql sdn phd'm, cdn n^u
Id thai di^m trong khi dqy bdi mdi fhi vua t6
chuc dqy hqe vua thu nh^n TTPH
5) Phdn tich, ddnh glo thdng tin phdn h6l: ViSe
phdn tich, ddnh gid TTPH ed vol trd rd't quan trqng,
neu ddnh gid chinh xdc s5 giup G V xdc dinh
duoc he thong CH, BT vd biSn phdp dl4u khl^n
QTDH nhdm dqt duqe myc tiSu di ra, Cd th^ vf
viec ndy nhu ngudi bdc sTchd'n dodn dung b^nh
tu d d mdi kg dung don thudc md mdi chCra khdi
benh cho bfinh nhdn D^ ddnh gid chinh xdc TTPT,
GV phdl d u a vdo cdng cy ddnh gid d d Id bdng
tidu chi TTPH (xem bdng)
6) Su dyng TTPH de dieu khien qud trinh d q y
hqc: Cdn cu vdo muc do euo TTPH thu duqe, G V
lua chqn he thdng C H , BT de tiep tyc td* chuc cho
HS Irnh hdi cdc kien thuc edn thieu To chuc cdc
hoqt ddng hqc tdp de giup HS hodn thdnh myc
tieu hqc tdp: G V vCro td' chuc cdc hoqt ddng hqc
tdp vua tiep tuc thu nhdn TTPH nhdm dieu khien
HS di den dfch eud'l cung eua bdi hqc TTPH duqe
xem Id tfn hieu giup cho G V nhdn biet duqe mqt
edeh ehinh xdc ve muc d o hieu euo HS tqi mqt
thdi diem nhd't dinh ve mdt chu de kien thuc Tin
dqy hqc d ^ dqt duoc ket qud mong mudn QTDH ed thi diiu khiln duoc bdng TTPH, vi vqy, G V cfin n6m duoc Q u y trinh to chuc dqy hqc theo nguy§n t6c dieu khiln bdng TTPH d l vqn dyng
vdo QTDH b0 mon, nhfim dqt nhung myc tieu co bdn trSn cd 3 iTnh vyc k i l n thi>c, kr ndng vd thai do nhu dd xdc djnh Tuy nhiSn, d l cd hiSu qud coo trong qud trinh ndy, d i l u quan trqng nhd't Id GV phdl quan tdm xdy dyng cdng ey soo cho ihu nhqn
duqe TTPH ed g i d tri d i l u k h i l n tot nhdt • (1) Dfinti g'li theo thang di^m 4
(2) " g i d i " JO'i vdl d^nh gi^ Icitfn ihiJc kl nSng, "ttft" dO'i vdi dfinh gi^ th^i
dO-T i l i l i $ u tlium kliao
1 Jotin Hallic, Helen Timperley The Power of Feedt>aclc American Educational Research Association, 2007
2 Rotien J Maraano - Detjra J Pickering - Jane E, Pollock Cdc phiimie phdp d^y hpc hi^u qud (ngu&i djch: HAng
Lpc) t^XQ Gido due TP HA Chi Minh, 2005
3 Rot)crt J Marzano Ngh$ thudt va khoa hpc day
hpc (ngufn djch: Nguyfin H(hi Chflu) NXB Gido due Vi^tNam.H 2011
SUMMARY
This article addresses ttie process of orgara^yg the teocNngoft)k)k3gybymecr)softeec&iackintoimatkxi about the students' academic results in order to optimize their learning activities The process is performed In 6 steps I) Detennining the goal(s} of learning; 2) Analy^ng the contents of leamiryg; 3) Designing the kit to collect ttm feecSxJckrtfofmatlof]; 4) Organizing the learning process arvd coOecting the feedback information 5) Analyzing and assessing ttie feedback information; 6) Utilizing the feedback Information to guide the learrvng activities towards the expected goal(s)
T H E L E V I E T V A G l > l B A I
1 Ngi dung bai vie! tliugc cac linli vilc:
-Quan li giSo due; - TSm ii tide - sinli ii tioc iila
tudi; - Li iuan giao due; - Li luan day tige; - Giio
due nude ngoSI; - V v
2 Bili Viet:
- M6i bJI vISt i(h6ng quS 6 trang, ktid A4; ptidng
eha Times New Roman (Unieode), eO etiit 14
- Ten bdi bdo vi tdm tit ngi bung bi\ bio tnnh
biy bing 2 thijr tiing: tiing Viet vi tiing Anb
- Tie gici gul ban in b<li viit yi tap tin b i l viit
din Tod scan (tlieo dia chi Ban bien tap ghi tren
trang mac luc eiJa Tap ehi)
- Chu thich trong bdi ddnh sfi theo thil ti/ xu^t hign
- Tdi ii^u tham l<hao vd chii thich ghi d euoi
bdi (trinh W ten tde gid - ten sdch/bdl bdo/
vdn bdn phdp quy - nhd xudt bdn - ndi vd ndm xudt bdn)
- Tod soan i<hang trd iai bdi viit niu Idiong diAJc ddng
3 Be tien iiSn he, tdc gid can ghi po dia chi cOng tdc, s6 didn thoai, emaii vdo cudi bdi
TAP CHi GIAO DUC
Tap chi Giao due s6 2 7 6 pa a ia/»on)