THIET KEDE KIEM TRA, THI KHAU QUYfT m DANH GIA TOAN DIEN KET QUA HOG TAP MDN IjCH SJi C U A H O C S I N H P H O T H O N G O TS NGUYgN THj BICH '''' Ki l m tra, ddnh gid (KT,DG) Id khdu auan trpng nhdm dd[.]
Trang 1THIET KEDE KIEM TRA,
THI-KHAU QUYfT m DANH GIA TOAN DIEN KET QUA HOG TAP MDN IjCH SJi
C U A H O C S I N H P H O T H O N G
O TS N G U Y g N THj BICH '
Ki l m tra, ddnh gid (KT,DG) Id khdu auan
trpng nhdm ddnh gid (DG) vd d i l u chinh
qud trinh ciqy hqc, chuyin qud trinh ndy sang
mdt gioi doqn mdi phdt Hien coo hem D l KT,DG
hodn thdnh vai Hd vd chi/e ndng cua minh, ddi hdi
phdi thyc hiSn n h l l u khdu, trong d d , vlee ra d l
Icllm tra (KT), thi Id khdu quylt djnh Bdi v i l t d l
cdp d i n vlee thiit kide KT, thi theo Ma trgn - khdu
quyit dinh DG todn dlSn kit qud dqy hoc Ljch su
(LS) Clio hoc sinh (HS) a trudng pho ^ong
1 C d n t h i l t p h d i x d y d u n g de KT, thi theo
M o trgn d l
Trong KT,£X7, ra de KT, thi ed vai trd quan
trpng gdp phdn DG vd ndng cao chdt li/qng dqy
hqe Kinh nghiem cua ede nude cd n I n gido dye
Hen h l n nhu Singapore: «de chuyen ddi hidu qud
td mdt nen gido dye «thuqc long" qua mot nen
gido dye tgo ra con ngudi ed nhdn cdch, cd tri
thuc, cd kindng, biit edeh ty hqe vd nghien cuu
sudt ddi thi then chd't vd quan trgng nhd't Id thay
ddi cdch ra de thi" {}) Hieu qud ciio viec KT,E)G
phy thudc vdo n h i l u y l u td; mye dfch, ndi dung,
ddc bi$t Id edu hdi Hong d l KT, thi D l KT, thi edn
D G todn didn ndng luc hpc top eiJa HS, n l u de
qud de hodc qud khd se khdng phdn hdo chfnh
xdc Hinh dp HS; d l phdi giup cho viec DG ddm
bdo do Hn edy vd Hnh gid trj; d l cd chd't luqng se
ddm bdo chfnh xdc viec D G ed sy phdn hda HS
(trong d d , so HS dpt diem Hung binh (5-d diem)
phdl ehilm H le Idn hon HS dpt d l l m gidl (9-10)
vd Idn hon K le HS dqt d l l m dudi trung binh) Do
d d , cdn phdi ddi mdi viee ro de KT, iht
Xdy d y n g Ma trdn de Id viec Idm thiet thyc d l
KT,DG thyc hien dung mye dfch, chuc ndng Xdc
dinh tdm quon trpng cua ICT,DG, ddc biet Id xdy
dung d l KT, Hil, Bd GD-DT d d ban hdnh Cdng
vdn sd 8773/BGDDT-GDTr ve viee huong dan
bien sogn di K T v d dd Hen hdnh tap hud'n gido
vien (GV) edt edn d3 Hnh thdnh d l t r i l n khoi vi§c
xdy d y n g d l KT, thi Tu ki II eua ndm hpc
2010-2 0 1 1 , vISc ra d l KT, thi phdi thyc hi^n theo cdng vdn ndy D i n nov, n h l l u tn;dng d d t r i l n khai xong
v l ^ xdy d y n g d l theo ma Hqn, nhung cung cdn
n h i l u noi, n h l l u trudng ehira kjp trien khal, da
sd G V ( k l cd Ipi Hd N§1) van h i l u chua ddy du viee xdy d y n g d l KT, thi theo ma Hpn, cho rdng xdy d y n g M o trdn d l qud n h l l u bt/dc, rat phuc tpp (h> H 1^ % so d l l m , so' edu hdi, d i n d i l m sd eOa cdc edu trde nghiem d moi 6 )
2 Ma trdn de Id mdt bdng cd hai c h l l u , gom:
- Npi dung hay mqeh k i l n thuc, kt ndng chfnh cdn D G ; - Cdc cd'p dp nhqn tht/c cua HS d mi/c
biit, hieu vd van dyng (vdn d y n g d cap dp thdp
vd van dyng d cd'p d d coo) Diem mdi cOa Ma trdn d i K T , thi I d n n d y k h d c v d i A l a f r p n d e K T d a duoc Bd GD-DT top hud'n cho G V cd nude ndm
2008 Id: trong moi d (theo ehu d l hay npi dung)
Id chudn k i l n thuc, k t n d n g chuong trinh edn DG,
H Ip % so' d l l m , so' lupng edu hdi vd tdng s^ d l ^
cua cdc edu hdi So' lupng edu hdi euo h/ng 6 phy thupc vdo muc do quon Hqng ciio moi chudn Kiln thuc edn E>G, lirong thdi gian Idm bdi KT vd Hqng so d i l m quy dinh cho H/ng mqeh k i l n thuc,
h>ng cd'p dp nhpn thi>c Khi Idm quen vdi Ma trgn
de, G V thdy rd't phue hap vd khd, nhung ddy Id
edeh ra d l rd't khoa hpc N l u G V hjdn thu diing
ede hudc cua quy Hinh blen sopn d l , se DG dupe
todn dien ndng luc hpc tdp md HS cdn dqt sou mpt chu d l , npl dung hodc mpt giai doqn hpc
tdp Cy thi:
- Todn dien ve ndi dung kiin thuc LS (chinh
trj, kinh t l , qudn sy, vdn hda, khoa hqc, kr thuqt),
tinh todn dlin ve mye tieu dqy hoc, gido dudng, gido dye, phdt trien (2) Vf d y , bdi KT 1 t i l t gliia
ki (Idp 10) se gom npl dung cOo cd 4 chO d l HS
d d dupe hpc ti/ong ung vdi 4 chuong (Xa ndi
' Tr«&ig B9I h9c sir pham Hi N$i
Tap chi Giao due so 2 7 6 (ki a • la/aonj
Trang 2fXiong kiin; An Do thdi phong kiin) Npi dung
chudn k i l n thuc, kt ndng cdn KT, thi d moi chij d l
nhieu, it phy thudc vdo tdm quan trqng (sd tiet)
cOo mdi chu d l md HS dd dupe hoc Do d d , de
KT, thi duoc t h i l l k l theo mo trqn ddm bdo tinh
todn diSn v l ndi dung KT, thi
- DG ndng lye hgc tap cua HS vi kien thuc d
ba cdp do biit, hiiu, van dyng Trong d d , quy
dinh rd't cy i h l muc dp DG b i l t ddi hdi HS phdi
neu, trinh bdy, md t d ; hiiu ddi hdi HS phdl
phdn tich, li gidi, gidi thfch, vi sao ; van dyng
ddi hdi HS phdi so sdnh, nhdn xet, D G di/qc
ede sy kien, k i l n thuc LS edn KT, thi
N h u vdy, vlee t h i l t ke de KT, thi cd vai trd, y
nghta quon trpng, vCra ddm bdo k i t qud D G dung
ndng lye hpc tqp todn dien eua HS, vCro Idm KT,DG
khdng Hd nen nhdm chdn md gay ht/ng thii tfch
cue, tqo ddng co hpc tap vd phdn ddu cho HS,
gdp phdn h>ng budc ndng coo chd't lupng dqy
hpc bp mdn
3 M p t so' yeu edu dd'i vdi G V khi x d y d u n g
M a trqn de KT, thi trong d q y hqc LS d t r u d n g
phd* thdng
De thyc hien td't viec t h i l t ke de KT, thi theo mo
Hdn, GV Hip hjc hjdn thu cdc budc ci/a quy trinh
ro de theo ma trqn \u ndm 2008 (3), cdn luu y
cdc yeu edu sou:
/ / X d c dinh dung mye dich cua de KT, thi
Id cdng viec ddu tien cua quy trinh ra de De
KT, thi Id cdng ey dCmg d l E)G k i t qud hqe tdp
eua HS sou khi hpc xong mot ehu d l , mdt chuong,
mpt hoc ki, mpt \dp hoy mot cdp hpc Khi soqn
d l KT, thi, G V edn cu vdo mye dfch yeu edu cy
the eua viec KT, thi (bdi KT 1 t i l t glCra ki hoy bdi
Kl 1 h i t cudi ki), edn ci/ chudn kien thuc, kt ndng
euo chuong trinh vd thuc t l Hnh hinh hqe tdp cua
HS de xdc djnh mye dich d l K\, Hil cho phCi hqp
2) Lua chqn phuong phdp KT, thi phdi phu
hep vdi mye dich, ndi dung DG todn dien ndng
luc hoc lap cua HS Thiet k l theo Ma trdn de
chi su dyng cho hinh thuc KT v i l t (Kr 1 tilt) D l Kl,
fhi trong dqy hqc LS dung phtrang phdp ndo?
Hde nghiem, t u ludn hay k i t hpp trde nghiem vd
h/ ludn? d d duoc n h i l u nhd gido dye nghien ct/u
If gidi (4) Trong htrong dan t h i l t k l de KT theo
mo Hqn mdi, cd Hie k i t hpp hoi jahuong phdp
trac nghiem vd tu ludn IT le giSa d i l m cho phdn
trde nghl§m vd phdn H/ ludn dupe d l md (nhung
khdng nen qua 5 0 % / 5 0 % vd tdt nhd't vdn Id H le
30%/70%), vi moi phuong phdp KT trde nghigm
Trong dqy hpc LS, k i t hpp mot cdch hpp If cdc phuong phdp KT trde nghiem vd ty ludn vua cd
the D G khd ndng ghi nhd «Si}", vita cd the D G
khd ndng «Luqn" eua HS, kleh thich tfnh tich cue hpc tap, tpo d i l u kien E)G k i t qud hpc tdp cita
HS ehinh xdc hon
3) Cdn tudn ihO ti^ng budc cOa quy trinh thiit lap Ma trdn Ddy Id khdu quon trpng nhdt
vd cung Id budc md GV Hidy «khd" bdi ed qud nhieu budc vd rd't phuc tap, d l gdy «rd'i" Vd'n
de cdn thiet nhd't khi t h i l t k l de KT, thi, GV phdf hjon thu thye hien theo 9 bi/dc euo quy Hinh, gdm:
Budc 1 Liet ke ten cdc chu di (ndi dung, chuong } edn Kl ddm bdo bao qudt du cdc npl
dung HS dd dupe hpc, trdnh Hnh trqng KT khdng todn dien, thfch ndi dung ndo thi KT npl dung d d
Sudc 2 Viit cdc chudn can DG dd'i vdi moi
cd'p do tu duy Ddy Id viec Idm rd't quon trpng vd
cdn liAJ y: - Chudn dupe ehpn de D G Id chudn ed vai trd quon trpng trong chuong Hinh mdn hpc
Id chudn ed thdi lupng quy djnh trong phdn phdi chuong trinh nhieu vd Idm co sd de hieu dtrpc cdc chudn khde; - M o i mdt ehu de (npi dung, chuong ) nen cd nhi/ng chudn dpi dien duqe chqn de D G ; - So lupng chudn cdn D G d moi ehu
d l (npi dung, chuong ) tuong i/ng vdi thdi lupng quy djnh trong phdn phd'i chuong trinh ddnh cho chu de (npl dung, chuong ) d d Nen de sd lupng cdc chudn kt ndng vd chudn ddi hdi muc dp tu duy coo (vdn dyng) nhieu hon
8udc 3 Quyit dinh phdn phd'i tl le % tdng
diim cho moi chu di (ndi dung, chuong ), day
Id bi/dc GV thi/dng lijng tijng Viec phdn phdi H
le % t d n g d i l m cho mdi chO de (ndi d u n g , chuong ) cdn cdn ci> vdo mye dich euo de KT, thi, mt/c dp quan trpng vd thdi luqng quy djnh trong phdn phdl chuong Hinh cua moi ehu d l (nql dung, chuong ) Tuy nhien, viec phdn chia
H le % chi mong Hnh tuong ddi, d l ddm bdo viec
tfnh diem cho moi chu d l khdng qud le, Idm khd cho GV
Budc 4 Quyit djnh tdng so diem cua bdi KT
Tdng so d i l m eiJa bdi KT, thi theo thang d i l m 10
Budc 5 Tinh sd diem cho moi chu de (nqi dung, chuong ) tuang ung vdi tile %.^\diy,\\\e
% cho ehu d l 1 Id 30% thi d i l m tuong i>ng cho
cho de td 3 d i l m
Budc d Tinh til$ %, sd'diem vd quyit dinh sd edu hdi cho m6i chudn tuang ung Ddy Id bi/de
khd, GV cdn luu y: - Can cii vdo mye dfch euo d l
Trang 3chudn cdn D G , d mdi chu de, theo hdng GlCfa
ba cdp d p : nh§n b i l t , thdng hieu, vqn dyng thso
thu tu n@n theo ti l§ phii hpp vdi ehu d l , ndi dung
vd trinh d p , ndng lye cua HS; - Cdn cCr vdo so
d l l m dd xdc d|nh d Budc 5 di q u y l t djnh s6
d l l m vd so edu hdi tuong ung (trong d d mSl edu
hdi d q n g trde nghiem phdl cd sd d i l m b d n g
nhau); - Vdi d l KT, thi k i t hpp cd hai phuemg
phdp su dyng c6u hdi trde nghiem vd ty ludn,
edn xdc djnh ti |g % tdng sd d l l m cua mdi phuong
phdp sao cho thich hpp
Budc 7 Tinh tdng sddiim vd tdng sdcdu hdi
cho mdi cot G V Hnh sd d l l m vd tdng sd edu hdi
cho mSl edt theo hdng dpc,
8udc 8 Tinh li If % tdng sd dlim phdn phdi
cho mdi edt Sou khi Hnh sd d l l m vd tdng sd edu
hdi cho mSl edt theo hdng dpc, GV cd t h i tinh
dupe H Id % tdng sd d l l m tuong ung phdn phdl
cho mSl cot
6udc 9 DG vd chinh sua Ddy Id khdu rd't
quan Hpng, cho ph6p GV cd the DG, chinh sua
Ipi Ma trdn di cho phCi hpp vol ddi tt/png HS cdn
KT,DG Vf dy, ed t h i ehinh st>a Iql edu hdi, chtnh
sua Iql muc do nhdn thuc (biit, hiiu, van dyng)
cdn DG vdi cdc dd'i ttwng HS trung binh, khd,
gidi theo y muon
Tudn thij ede bt/dc eua quy trinh thiet Idp M a
Hdn d l , song G V cdn dqc biet chii Hqng cdc budc
2, 3, d , 9 d l M a trdn d l ed tfnh khoa hqc, ddm
bdo do Hn cdy vd tfnh gid trj eua d l KT, thi
4) E)dm bdo cdc nguyen tdc ctio viec blen
soqn edu hdi theo Ma trqn Ddc biet chu y lopi
edu hdi, sd edu hdi vd nql dung edu hdi do Mo
Hqn d l quy djnh (moi edu hdi trde nghiem chi KT
mot chudn hodc mot vd'n d l , khdi niem) D l ede
edu hdi dpt chd't tupng tdt, cdn bi§n soqn edu hdi
thod mdn ede yeu edu sou:
- Ddi vdi edu hdi trac nghiem nhieu lya chgn:
Cdu hdi phdl E)G nhi/ng npi dung quon trpng
cOa chuong trinh; phu hqp vdi cdc tieu ehi ro d l
KT, thi v l mdt Hinh bdy vd so' d l l m H/ong i/ng; h>
ngCr, cd'u trije cua cdu hdi phdl rd rdng vd d l
h i l u dd'i vdi mpi HS; moi edu hdi chi cd mdt d d p
dn d i j n g , chfnh xdc nhd't
- Dd'i vdi cau hdi ti/ ludn: Cdu hdi phdl tX5
ndi dung quon trpng euo chuong Hinh; phCi hqp
vdi ede tieu chf ro de KT, thi v l mat trinh bdy vd
so' d i l m h/ong i/ng; t h i hiSn ro ndi dung vd cd'p
dp t u duy cdn do; yeu edu eua cdu hdi phu hpp
gpl y ve: do ddi eua bdi ludn; thdi gian de vilt bdi ludn; cdc HSu chi cdn dqt; cdu hdi phdl ro rdng, lihdng mdp m d , khd h i l u , dS gdy h i l u Idm,
ddnh dd HS,
5) Col trgng v/#c xdy dt/ng hudng dSn chdm (ddp dn) vd thang diim ddi vol bdi KT, thi cdn
ddm bdo cdc y&u cdu: • Nql dung: khoa hpc vd chfnh xdc; - Cdch H n h bdy: cy the, ehi tilt nhung ngdn gqn vd d l h i l u , phu hpp G V edn xdy dung bdn md td cdc muc dp dpt duqe d l HS cd t h i ty
D G dupe bdi Idm eua minh (kr thudt Rubric)
6) Xem xdt Iql W#c blSn sogn di KT, thi
- Ddi c h l l u ti/ng edu hdi vdi hudng dan chdm
vd thang d i l m , phdt hien nhimg sol sdt hodc thilu chfnh xdc cua d l vd d d p d n Sua cdc H> ngi/, ndi dung ( n l u cdn) d l ddm bdo Hnh khoa hpc va chinh xdc
- Odi e h i l u h/ng edu hdi vdi M o trdn de, xem xet cdu hdi cd phu hpp vdi chudn cdn D G khdng,
ed phu hpp vdi cd'p dp nhdn thi/e cdn D G khdng, sd' d l l m cd thieh hqp khdng, thdi gian d y kiln co pho hpp khdng, G V ed t h i thu nghi&m h/ Idm bdi
KT, thi (thdi gian Idm bdi euo G V bdng khodng 70% thdi gian d y k i l n cho HS Idm bdi)
- Thu d l Kl, thi de h i p h/c d i l u chfnh de cho
phij hpp vdi mye Heu, chudn chuong Hinh vd doi tupng hpc
- Hodn thien d l , hudng dan chdm vd thang
d l l m Q
(1) NguySn Thien Nhan "Mudi nSm tdi, gifiodijc Viet
Nam se khSc" Vietnamnet.vn/giaoduc, 26/7/2006
(2) NguySn Thj COi C^c con duong, bi^n phip a&ag cao tii£u qui d a y h^c licti si]r d t r u o n g p b l tliftng NXB Dgi Ape supfi(im H 2006
(3) Nguyfin Thj COi - Nguyfin Thj Bich "Ktft hpp tv lu{ln vdi trie nghi$m - bi$n phSp cdn ttii^t trong i&i
moi phuong ph&p ki^m tra, d^nti gid k^t qua hpc tap
ljch sir d trudng ph6 thOng" T^p cfti Gido difc, ^
191/2008
(4) Trinh Dinh Tiing " T r i e nghiem hay tu luSn trong
mOn Ljch sii d trudng ph6 thOng" Tgp chi Gido difc,
SO' 183/2008
SUMMARY
The atticle introduces the reasons why It is r^ecessarv
to build exam matrix - a step that determines ttie student learning outcomes assessment of Histor/ subject in schools It also proposes some requirement for teachers when building exam matrix In teactling History in secondary schools
Tgp chi Giao due s6 2 7 6 (ki a • la/aoin