GIAN6 DAY Ll LUAN DAYHOC TOAllJ (PHAN CU THE) (iimaijHictaOTWMSffcipeAJHocsuPHM^ Xudt phdt h> myc fliu ddo tpo gido vlin, vlfc dgy hpc Todn so cdp d cdc hudng dpi hpc su phpm (DHSP) edn ddm bdo cho sl[.]
Trang 1GIAN6 DAY Ll LUAN DAYHOC TOAllJ (PHAN CU THE)
(iimaijHictaOTWMSffcipeAJHocsuPHM^
Xudt phdt h> myc fliu ddo tpo gido vlin, vlfc
dgy hpc Todn so cdp d cdc hudng dpi hpc
su phpm (DHSP) edn ddm bdo cho slnh viin
(SV) b l ^ cdch riild k l bdl gidng mdn Todn d phd
rildng dya h i n vlfc djnh vj bdl 3 tpo dd: + Vj M
cdo bdl hpc hong chuong Mnh todn jshd rildng
tu niu hpc d i n hung hpc phd rildng (THPT); + Vj
h i cOa bdi hpc dd hong khoo hpc hidn hpc; + Vj
h i cuo bdi hpc dd hong Ijch su hlnh riidnh h i
rildng M riiuc todn hpc cua lodi ngudi
D l gdn k d giira l i f i dung dpy hpc Hlnh hpc
so cdp vd Dgl so so cdp, h i n eo sd e d e k d qud
nghiin cdu (1), bdi vllt ndy d l c f p vdn d l gidng
dpy li luf n dpy hpc todn (phdn cy Hil) giSn vdi
nhOng nghiin cdu CO bdn v l Todn so cdp cho SV
khoo Todn d ede hudng DHSP
I Gidng dgy Phuong phdp dpy hpc (PPDH)
nhOng n f l dung cy thd mfin Todn gdn vdi D p i
sd so cd'p vd Hlnh hpc so cdp
Trin eo sd phdn Keh chuong Mnh/^POH nhung
n f f dung eg mi mdn Todn d 2 gido hlnh (2) vd
(3), ldm rd mdl quan h i giOo Dpi sd so cdp vd
Hinh hpc so cdp vdi mfin Todn d THPT, dudl dfiy,
chung Idi minh hpa vlfc gidng dpy Chuong 2:
Dcyhgcphuang trinh (FT),hf phuong Irinh (HFT),
bdl phuong trinh (BPT) cua gido Mnh Phuong
phdp dgy hgc nhi/ng ndl dung c(i rfi^mdn Todn
qua n f l dung va bifn phdp sou:
Trin CO sd SV dpc tdi lifu vd nhOng k i t qud
nghien cuu v l Todn coo cdp nhu: II N f l dung
kiln thdc ve «Phuong M n h , hg phuong M n h ,
bdl phuong M n h " H i p c f n Id gdc d f «khoa
hpc todn hpc* (chuong 5 - D p i sd so cd'p (1));
21 Li ludn dpy hpc «Pnuong hinh, bd't pnuong
trlnh' hong hoi gido hlnh (2) vd (3), gidng viin
(GV) cdn Id chuc cho SV t f p d l cvong nghiin
cdu, hd Idl ede edu hdi, riiyc hifn nhifm vy
riieo 3 vd'n d l sou:
Vin di 1: Ting man vi FT, HPT, BPT G V
cdn Idm Id cho SV v i : + Qud trinh hlnh riidnh
vd phdl hlSn cuo li riiuylt v l PT, HPT, BPT; +
Mpch kle'n riiOc PT, HFT, BPT hong Dpi sd so cdp;
o TS NSUYINANHTUAN + Vj h i vd vol h d cua PT, HPT, BPT hong khoo hpc todn hpc
Vin di 2: PT, HPT, BPT trong chuong Irinh mdn Todn d phi thdng Trong dd, G V Idm rfi cho SV: +
Mpch kl6i rildc PT, HPT, BPT dupe Mnh bdy vd sdp
x ^ hong chuong Hnh SGK mdn Todn d phd rildng quo ode cdp hpc, 1 ^ hpc ndo? Theo quon diem
vd nhihig cdch riiOe flip cdn ndo? (riiom khdo cdc Idl litu (2), (3)); + H f rildng hdo o k khdi nifm, h'nh chdt, quy Idc, cdc dpng todn CO bdn vd phuong phdp (PP) gidl PT, HFT, BPT hong chuong Mnh lodn pho rildng Tlm hilu co sd li riiuylt idng qudt cuo cdc PP gidi dd hong Dpi sd so cdp
Vdn de 3: PPDH PT, HPT, BPT G V cdn Idm ro
cho SV: + Phdn Kdi bdn ehdl todn hpc d cd hoi phuong dlfn ngu nghTa vd cO phdp cuo PT, HPT, BPT; + Phdl hpp giOo 2 phuong dlfn ngO n^To
vd cu phdp khi ^ 1 PT, HPT, BPT; + Cdc hudng hpp cOo l f p xdc djnh, t f p hop nghlfm hong qud Mnh b i ^ ddi PT, HPT, BPT Phdn Kch co sd vd bdn chdt todn hpc cuo ode phep blln ddi hiong duong
(Idp hgp, hgle lodn, phip lodn, dnh xg, ); 10 dd
cho riidy, hong dpy hoc todn d phd thdng, gido vlin cdn hudng ddn hpc slnh (HS) bilu diln nghlim bdng kf hliu t f p hpp, bdng hlnh dnh h i n hye sd, vj, ; + Phdn Kch nhOng khd khdn, hf llidhg hdo cdc sal ldm cuo HS khi gidl cdc bdl I f p v l PT, HPT, BPT vd de xudi blin phdp glOp HS phdt hlfn, Hm hilu nguyin nhdn wd sda ehuo nfivng sal Idm riiudng g S p ; + T f p hung nghiin cuu vlic v f n dyng Dpi sd so cdp d l nhfn dpng cdc bdl todn v l PT, viin riii6 k i c d c hopt d f n g diw hoc, giOp HS Hm
ra cdc hudng gidi quylt i « n d i
2 Minh hpa v l f c v f n dyng c a sd li riiuydt hong Dpi sd so cdp vdo dqy hpc n f l dung
tGldledcFIb^ba,hdcb6nvdPTbdeeao'
dTHPT Mot sd CD sd li riiuyll v l FT bfc coo hong Dpi sd
so c ^ : - Cdng riiuc Cbrtfcno: Gidl PT bfc 3 tdng
•l«i|l)it«csIpb)aUII«i
Tjp clH Blao dw so 282 pa t I/»DH)
Trang 2qudt ax>+bi^+ex+d - 0 (a«0) bdng cđi dft X=
u + V idt dua vl dpng A]^-Bx-C-0,vdluvdv
riido mdn f ú +v
3in> = .Dftt< -f\ ^C')-l-B)'
Hip tyc giU ia si Hm dui;<: nghl$m dJo FT; - ffuoTg
ph^OasoarHasrGldiPrbfcbdhdTigx'+axi+bic'
+ ex+d = 0 b ^ eđi phdn Kdl, dua i^d^ng ()c'+
px + q){)? + mx + n) - 0; - £J(n/l Jf Bfcout: Niu or,,
ộ., a Id cdc nghlfm cOo phmng Mnh llx) s 0 rill
lii^-CL(x-a,)(x-aJ (x-aj;-7)SucAu&Bsaisit9ln:
PrdailiOcd?iig(v<l'+a,)f'+ +a,=0(vdt^,?iO),nlu
o6 nghi^ hOu H x - p/q, riil p\a, vd q W Tnjdng
htip dfc bl^, Uil c ^ - 1 , nlii FT cd nghlfm hOu « rid
phdl b n^ii|m ngiAin x = m vd m\a„
To o& rill khal ihdc mft sd kiln riiuc ndi hin d l
vfn dyng hong dpy hpc gidl cdc PT, HFT, BPT huu
H d THFT Trong chuong Mnh mfin Todn d THFT
khdng dua vdo cdcif riiuylt vl FT bfc cao, PP gidi
FT bfc 3, bfc 4, Tuy nhlin, niu GV ndm vihig
CO sd tdng qudt hong Dpi sd so cdp, kheo lio vfn
Afng tilu chudn Elsenslein, djnh li filzout, Ivpe do
Hoocne, phuong phdp Carchno, Hil hodn todn
oS rill Hm ra cdch riiOe gpi ^ HS gidi nhOng FT,
HFT, BPT ndy bdng cdch nhdm nghlfm, ho bfc, sd
dyng hdng đng thOc, đt dn phy, dOng PF hf sd
bdt djnh, phdn Kch riidnh Hch, rdl duo vl cdc PT
bfc 1,2 da bill cdch gidl
Vrdy:
7; Khi gidl FT dpng tarn riide bfc hoi cfi^ +
bP'j,, + e = 0,0*0, ta df 11 = ^(x), sou đ duo v l
Prbfe2:at»+bt + c O
2} Blln đi vd df I dn phy d l gidi FT cd dpng:
(x + a)* + (x + b)* = c Df 11 - X + - ^ , sou đ
duo vl PT hOng phuong
3) Vfn dyng PT đi xdng d l gidi PT cd dpng:
x"* ox"* bx»+ ox + 1 - 0 Nhfn riidy, x - 0
khdng phdi Id nghlfm cOa FT đ cho, ta chlo hal
vlcho x" vd dfl t - X + - , sou đ dua vl FT bfc
X
half+al + b - 2 - 0 , ltU2
4) Vfn dyng FT dpng riiufn nghjeh d l gidl
PT:x'+ax=+bx'-ax+ 1 - 0 VI x - 0 khdng
phdi Id nghlfm nin cd riil chlo ed hoi v l cOa FT
cho x> vd dfl t - X - - , ta dua dupe v l FT bfc hot
dpng:t^ + at + b + 2 - 0
5J Blln đl vd dfl dn phv d l gidi FT: (x + a)(x
liwi dii BIfa dye sg 282 tu « a/«om
+ b)(x + c)(x + d) = m, vdi a t d = b + ẹ Df t dn phy t = 1^+ (o + d)x, ta duo dvpc v l FT bfc hoi: (t + od)(t + bc)-m
d) Gidl FT: (x + a)(x + 2a)(x 3a)(x 4a) -6á Vfn dyng PP h i sd bdt djnh d l dva FT đ
cho v l dpng: (x^ - 2ax • 9rf)(x2 - 2ax - 2rf) = 0
7} Bdng PP kit hpp giOa mft cu phdp vd mft
ngd nghid, GV hvdng đn HS gidi vd bifn luf n
FT bf c 2, dn X, riiom sd a: 2x'+ ox^ - 2ax - o 2 =
0 vdi OER, 0 > 0
Neu chl gidi PT ndy riieo eon dudng cu phdp rill đy Id mft PT bf c 3 chdo riiom sd nin qud Mnh gidl vd bifn kifn si gfp khd khfin Niu efin ei> vdo nghTa cOo cdc khdl nifm; fiPT, «nghlfm cuo PT", «FT Hch", «phfin tich da riiOe riidnh nhdn hi", «gldl vd bifn luf n PT ehuo riwm sd*, ta cd rill phdn Hch: 2x' + ax= - 2ax - a = = • rf + (x'-2x)a + 2x'= - (a + 2)d(a - x*) Do vfy, cd rill vllt kjl FT Id (x' - a)(x + | ) 0 o (x -Vi)(x +Vi)(x +^) = 0' Khi ^ ' 1^ ^ <^° <^ 3 nghlfm riiyc: x,
- - V ; ; X j - V J v d X 3 = - ^ Nfl dung vd bifn phdp d hin đ dvpc chOng Idi dpy hpc riiu nghlfm đl vdi SV ndm riid 4, khoo Todn - Tin Tmdng DHSP Hd Nfl hong nfim hpc 2010-2011 Nhihig kit qud khd quan riiu du9C da budc đu chung Id Knh khd riii vd hlf u qud cdo gidl phdp d l xudt Q
(1) BOi Vin Nghi - Dd Die Thii - Duong Qutfc Viet
Nghitn cttu £>(jl s^ vd Hinh hqc sa cdp gdp phdn ndng coo ndng /(ic dgy hgc cho slnh viin kitoa Todn
cdc trudng suphgm Tnidng D^i hpc su phsrn H& NOi,
De lU NCKH ciip BO -17TC -^-IS4,2010
(2) Nguyin B& Kim - Dinh Nho Chuong - NguySn Mfuih Cing - VO Duong Thyy - Nguyin Van Thudng
Phuong phdp d^y hpc mOn Toiin - p b ^ 2: Dvy bye
NXB GnitxiKcH 1994
(3) Bili VIbl Nghj Phuong phiip dfy b(ic nhtbig nOi
dung cytbl mdn Totọ NXB i>(ijfi|>cn/fiAimH2009 Tii lifu tham Uliko
1 D6 E>i)c IMi - NguySn Anh Tu& "Ve viec day bye Tofin so cip d khoa Tofin c&c trudng dai hgc su pham"
Tiip cht Gldo due stf 263/2010
SUMMAIiV
Because of ttie teacher training object and teact>-tngprtnary maths In education universities, we need rotate content ot primary Geometry with primary Atjerga Ihisarltcle deal with teaching meory about maltis (concrete content) retaltng basic studying prh marymalhstornKithssluderrtlneducallonunlvetsllles