VAN DUNG PHirOlUG PHAP DAY HOC THEO HITP flONO VAO BAI ON TAP, SD KET, TONG KET TRONG MON UCH SIf d TRI/dNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG O GS TS NGUYJN TH! COl'''' ThS BINH NGQC BiCH KHUYEN" 1 Hpc Iheo hgp ding I[.]
Trang 1VAN DUNG PHirOlUG PHAP DAY HOC THEO HITP flONO VAO BAI ON TAP, SD KET, TONG KET TRONG MON UCH SIf
d TRI/dNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG
O GS.TS NGUYJN TH! COl'- ThS BINH NGQC BiCH KHUYEN"
1 Hpc Iheo hgp ding IHO] Id hogt ddng hgc
Idp md mil hgc slnh (HSJ dupe gloo mdl HD trgn
gdl baogimcdcnhi^m vg INVJ/bdi tdp bit budc
vd lg chgn khdc nhau hong khodng thdi glan nhil
dinh HSchO ddng vd dgc Idp quyil djnh vS ihdl
0an dto mil NV/bdl tdp vd thd tg thgc hl$n cdc
NV/bdl l$p di5 Aao Ji/id ndng Clio mInM 11 Trong
hpc Iheo HD, gldo viin (GV) Id ngvdl M ki,
flrf dvng cdc NV/bdl top hong HD, id chuc
hudng ddn HS nghlin cuu HD, ki kit HD vd thvc
hlfn HD theo ndng Ivc, hlnh df vd nhjp df hpc
tdp cOo cd nhdn nhdm dpt dupe mgc Hiu dpy
hpc (DH) (cdn phdn bift glDo hoi khdl nifm IHD
hpc Ifp vd hpc Idp HD) Quy hlnh thvc hlfn hpc
theo HD dvpc Hin hdnh nhv sou:
1} iga chgn ndi dung vd thdl glan phd hgp:
GV cdn lua chpn nf I dung ndo cOa mdn hpc cd
ihl vf n dung dupe hlnh tni>c hpc theo HD sao
cho vdo ddm bdo myc Hiu mdn hpc, vdo ddp
ung dupe nhOng yiu cdu, quy hinh thvc hlfn hpc
theo HD Thdl gion hpc tOy thufc vdo nfl dung
hhig bdi hpc eg ihl
2) Thlil ki ki hogch bdl hgc gdm cdc cdng
vlfc: xdc dinh mgc llSu bdl hgc vd phuong phdp
dgy hgc (PPDH), chuin hi cOa GV vd HS, ihlit ki
wJn tdn HD GV cdn df c bift chu • tdl khdu ihilt
klvdn bdn HD soo cho dil chi H» d l HS cd ihl
Hm hilu d l ddng, ki HD vd thvc hlfn cdc NV mf t
cdch dfc Ifp, hpp hSc Ngodi ro, vlfc duo m cdc
NV bit hudc, NV tg chgn, NV ddng, NV mi,
NV ddc Idp vd cdc NV dugc hudng dSn (phleu
hS hx?) phO hpp vdl hinh df, nh|p df, sd ihich
hpc tf p cua HS hoim Idp, phdn hda dupe hinh
df HS cOng Id vdn X quon hpng cdn h™ yi
3) Tichdc hgc theo HD: £)dy Id khdu quon
hpng vd khd khdn nhdt Khi td chuc hopt dfng
hpc if p hin kip, GV chO J- td dliic bd hi khdng
gloi k^ hpc cho phO hpp vdl vlfc ki HD hpc Idp
vd hudng ddn HS thvc hlfn HD Vlfc Id chuc hpc
Tw clii Blip due s6 282 (in «- 3 / M H I
iheo HD se glup GV cd nhilu co hdi hudng ddn
HS nhv hd Idl cdc cdu hdi, chOa Idi, gidi ihich,
hd hp cd nhdn hofic hd hp nhdm, quon sdt vd ddnh gid npi dung cdn duoc cdl thifn
2 Trang DH mdn Uch sir d hudng THPT, td chuc
DH HD cd Ihl dupe dp dgng khi d ^ cdc kipi bdl nghiin cuu kiln ihuc mdi hofic bdl dn tfp, so kit, hmg kit Tuy nhlin, sv dung PPDH ndy trong lopi bdi dn tpp, so kit, tdng kit id phO hpp vd dl thvc
h\^han.'Bdihgcdntdp,soki),larigk^dugcsu dgng khi hodn thdnh vlic nghldn cdu mdt glai dogn, mdlthdi Id, mdt khda Irinh hay cdc vin dilkhsu
cua chuong (rin/i'(2) Hpc iheo HD Id PPDH khdc
vdt DH huyIn thing, thoy vi GV gidng bdi, gloo
NV cho cd Idp cung hodn thdnh hong ihdl glon quy dinh, HS dupe Id kit hodn thdnh cdc NV hpc
If p mft cdch cho ddng, Hch cvc, ddc tdp Nhv vpy, vf n dung phuong phdp hpc theo HD, HS cd y thuc dfc Ifp, Iv gidc hong vlfc thi/c hlfn ddy du ode NV HD duo ra Hon nOo, vdl dfc hung cOo bpi bdi dn Idp Id cOng ed, hf ihdng hda, khdi qudt hdo kllh thuc dd npe hong mft otuong, mft phdn, nin vfn dgng phuong phdp ndy Id rdt phu
npp vd cd y nghlo trin ed bo mfit kiln thuc, \d
ndng, tu tudng Hnh cdm
3 Quy hlnh thvc hlfn hpc theo HD dupe vdn dung cv ihl QUO bdi dn top Qud frfn/) c ^ g nutSc vd gl(/nix5c(Ljch si> 10) nhdm cOng cd kl^ thvc phdn Uch su Vllt Nam gloi doon lu Ihl ki X doi giiia thd
Id XIX GV cdn li&i hdnh cdc budc sou:
7^ Lga chgn ndi duiig Id sv chudn bj cOo
GV GV edn cu vdo kiln thi>c cOo todn glai doon, hay h>dn khdo hlnh Ijch si> cdn dn if p d l It/o chpn nhihig nfl dung auan hpng cdn cung ed, xody sdu cho HS ghi nnd, ndm rd bdn chdt su kifn Vlfc Idm ndyld co sd de ihllt k l nhOng NV cho HSthye hlfn Ngodl ra, GV cung cdn xem
*Ma(l)ilKKpkwUH«i
"llitlilknt«C|iMit|eVi«tNla
Trang 2HS khd, gidl Hm hilu (quo NV h; chpn) vd nhOng.'
nfl dung cdn ihllt ndo ddi hdi tdt cd HS phdl
cung cd, ghi nhd dupe
D&viA hdi dn tdp Qud Irinh dgng nude vd^u
nude, GV odn djnh hudng cho HS nhd duac hong
glai dopn l|ch si> ndy cd nhiJng hllu dpi ndo hi vi,
nhiJng cufc khdng aiAen didrig cdc ihl Ivc ngopi
xdm ndo vd nhung chilh Ihdng fliu bia), hay nhiing
ihdnh h;u CO bdn vl kinh l l , vdn hda Bin cpnh
dd, cd thi md rfng kiln ihuc cho HS khi duo vdo
NV h/chpn vlfc Hm hl& vl mft sd cdng Mnh k i ^
hue ihdl L^ - Trdn, Hm hilu sdu hon vl mft cufc
khdng chl^ Hiu bi& md HS Ipo chpn
21 Xdy dgng HD Trong vfinbdnHDcdnMnh
bdyracdcNV NV hdf £upc dupe GV thilt kl
dva trin nhijng nfl dung sdn ed hi»ig sdch gido
khoo, sdeh bdi Idp hodc idl lifu vd ylu cdu HS
ihvc hlfn NV hay bdi tdp theo chl ddn d sd hong,
bdi hong sdch gldo Uwo/tdi lifu NV lg chgn
dupe ihitt kl ed Ihl mong h'nh cOng cd, hf thdng,
ndng cao hofc cdu dd, trd choi cd Ilin quan dai
nfl dung bdi hpc Ddi vdi bdi fin tpp Qud Irinh
dgng nude vd glu nude, chOng tdl x ^ di/ng 7 NV
(hong dd, 5 NV ddu Id nhihig NV bdt bufc, 2 NV
d vd 7 Id NV h/chpn): - NV J: L|ch si> ddn Ifc to
thdi dpng nude d ^ Ihl ki XIX diio Idm m<^ Ihdl
ki? NhiJng nil chinh vl cdc thdi kl dd (hin cdc Imh
vvc chinh hj, kinh Id, vdn hdo - gldo due)?; - NV
2: Lfp bdng ihdng ki cdc cufc khdng ehiln bdo
vf Td qudc?; - N V 3 : Chpn mft hong hoi NV a
hofc b d l ihvc hlfn: a Hate thdnh bdng thdng
ki d l cd ofiu hd Idi dijng v l thdt glon ra ddi cdo
mft sd thdnh h/u vdn hda, b Trlnh bdy sv nghifp
Clio hoi v| onh hOng ddn tfc Hiu bllu hong sg
nghifp di/ng nude vd glQ nude; - NV 4: Ddng
vol nhdn vf t Ijch sd; - NV 5 (vl nhd); Phdn tich
mft cufc khdng chlln, khdi nghTa ehlhg ngopi
xdm, gidnh vd bdo vi dfc lfp ddn tfc ci3a rihdn
ddn hi h> ihl ki X dan rill kl XV md em cho Id Hiu
bllu nhdt, lut ra bdl hpc kinh nghlfm; - NV d: Sv
phdt hiin cuo bf mdy nhd nude quo ode rtidl ki:
HOng Vvong, Trdn, If, Nguyin? (hlnh bdy Hieo
sodd);-NV7.GldlddlO
Bin cpnh ede NV hong HD, GV cung cdn riillt
k l ede NV/hopt dfng boo gdm phuong Hf n, tdl
lifu (hr lifu ngudn, bdn hudng ddn riieo mde df
hd hip, ddp dn ) cy rill d l ihuf n k^l hong Hin
hinh bdi hpc
Khi hudng ddn riivc hlln NV, GV niu rd cdc
cdng vlfc HS cdn riive hlin dl hodn riidnh NV dd
Vidu, vdlNVd: Sif phdl trial cuo bd mdy nhd
NguySn? (Irinh hdy iheo sa di) GV hudng ddn
cdc thdnh viin trong nhdm cClng riido kifn vdn d l minh Ipo chpn vd hodn riidnh vdo g i ^ AO Sou khi hodn riidnh ddn Id AO lin hidng gdn v| hi nhdm Ddi vdi mf I sd NV hiong ddl Bid, hofc cdn den kiln riiOc md rfng, GV cd rill sd dgng philu
ho hp d l HS cd rill hodn riidnh nhif m vv Chdng
hpn, ddl vdi NV 3b: 77m hllu vl sg nghi$p ci!a hal vl anh hdng ddn tdc lieu bliu trong sg n^lip dt/ng nude vd glu nude, GV cd riil dua ra hal
muc df hd hp: MHu hd frp'sfi'7: GV niu ra cdc edu hdl gpl ^ Em mudn gidi riiif u nhdn vf t l|eh
su Hlu bllu ndo?; Tilnh bdy so lupc v l Hlu sd cda nhdn vf t dd; CSng kio cOa nhdn vf t dd ddi vdi sv nghifp di/ng nude vd giCl nude eOa dfin tfc Id gl?; Nhf n xitcOa cd nhdn em vl nhdn vft
l|ch sd ndy? Di\ vdi nhChig HS dd tOng dpc cdc
Idi lifu riiom khdo vllt v l mf t sd nhdn vft l|ch si> giol dopn td rill ki X din glita riil kl XIX (nhung edn I6ng tOng trong edeh hlnh bdv) cd riil dya hin nhffng cdu hdl gpl ^ ndy d l thyc hlfn NV Cdn nhOng HS chua Khig dpc v l cdc nhdn vft
l|eh sd Iliu bllu dd, GV xdy dyng piiliu hi trg
sd2 vdi nhdng nfl dung gpl ^ Mnh bdy nhv philu
hd trp 1 kirn riieo nfl dung ngdn vl tilu sd mft
sd nhdn vft Hiu bllu d l HS Iva chpn
3) Ti didcklvd thgc hlfn HD
• Khi HSchucklHD: GV cdn niu rd mvc Hiu
cua Hit dn tdp hofc nhiTng vdn d l quan trpng hong bdl hpc; gidi riiif u HD cung nhv cdc NV
HS can riivc hlfn hong dd; hoo cho HS HD chung (dd ed chD ki cdo GV); hudng ddn cdch riivc hlfn cdc NV; td diijc dio HS ki HD COng dd, HS king nghe hudng ddn cOa GV vd nghiin cuu nfl dung HD; nhihig vdn d l HS cdn rildc mde hofc chua
rd rill df I cdu hdl vdl GV; HS ki HD
- Khi thgc hlfn HD: GV hudng ddn HS riiyc
hlfn h4D, gidi riiifu cdc philu hd hp; riieo ddl vd
hd hp HS khi cdn hp gldp Cdn HS thvc hlfn NV riieo riid h/ phO hpp vdl trlnh df, nhip df hpc lfp cOo mSi cd nhdn Ddi vdi 4 NV ddu, HS riivc hlfn dfc lfp nhung vdn cd riil nhf n sv hp glOp cOa GV vd HS khdc (niu cdn) NV 3 cOng cd sv llnh hopt khi chia Idm hoi NV nhd cho HS Iva chpn riieo sd riiieh d l hodn riidnh Riing NV 4 Id ddng vol nhdn vfh nhi}ng HS ndo riiieh NV ndy
cd rill lfp hpp riidnh mft nhdm nhd (3-5 HS) hodn riidnh trudc, sou dd vl vt M cOa minh thpc hlfn 3
NV bdt bufc cdn igl
Trong qud Mnh HS riivc hlfn HD, GV riwo dSI
vd hudng ddn kjp riidi HS gfip khd khdn; nhdng
Tap cti Blao dac sg 282 iu » a/Mm
Trang 3hS h p , gldp d d oOa G V od rill nhfn sv hd h p ,
hpp tdc cuo HS khd gidi hong Idp
N V 6 , 7 Id N V tv rf»5in, mqng Hnh phdn hda khd
coo: nhOng HS ed nhjp d f hpc t f p nhanh, khi hodn
riidnh xoog 4 N V ddu Hin riil G V td diOc, hudng
ddn glOp hlnh riidnh nhdm tv phdt d l nghlin cdu
N V d hofc N V 7 ( V kfo <hpn) vd hodn Ihdnh sdn
p h ^ d i o nhdm Sdn phdm cOo mdl nhdm dupe
hodn ihlfn h i n g i ^ AO vd heo lin cdc o i c cdo kip
hpc, (nhdm ndo hodn riidnh sdm cd riil riivc hlfn
NV Iv chpn cdn Ipl niu mudn) N V 5 Id N V v l nhd
- Nghlfm thuHDcSlhS dvpc riivc hlin vdo
cudi till dn t f p hofc ddu gid cOo flit hpc sou
(niu khdng dO riidi glon) Knl flln hdnh nghlfm
riiu HD: G V cdn hudng ddn HS hodn riidiih cdc
rildng fln hong HD; y l u cdu hoo ddi bdi chlo
nhau d l ddnh gid (hin co sd ddp dn cOo G V ) ;
GV nhdn x H , ddnh gid chung Cdn HS phdi d l l n
cdc rildng fln hong HD vd h/ ddnh gid; HS ddnh
gid bdl Idm cOa bpn khi G V cdng b d ddp dn cdo
cdc N V : cd rill chdm d i l m hofc chl ddnh gid
dOng/soi; Khi G V nhf n xet, ddnh gid chung riil
HS aiO ^ Idng nghe vd chlnh sda
4) To chde troo dil/chla si (thgc hlfn llnh
hoglj Cd rill riivc hiin sou khi HS hodn riidnh
cdc HD h i n kSp, G V ddnh 3-5 phOt cudi cho HS
so sdnh ddp dn riivc hlfn vd ehi}a Idi, dua ra
nhf n x i t ban ddu v l qud hlnh riivc hlf n HD, riidi
d f cOa HS khi riivc hlfn N V (hofc G V cd rill Iva
dipn mft nhdm HS riivc hlfn tdt nhdt N V ddng
vol l i n bllu d l l n Ipl hudc Idp)
G V d f n dd HS riipc hlfn N V 5 d nhd, hodn
riidnh nhOng d i l u cdn ghl hong HD vd n f p k^i
vdo flit sou Sou khi riiu Tpl bdn HD, G V dva h i n
CO sd phdn K/ ddnh gid (ddp dn, h f riidng sdo
Idl) hofc ddnh gid ddng ddng cOd HS d l dua ro
nhfn x i t v l k d qud rilychifn cOo HS, hjyin duong
mft sd HS riivc hlfn idt, dOng riidi hpn, hodn riidnh
cdc N V bdt bufc vd h/ chpn
D l vlfc td diuc DH HD ddi vdl bdi dn t f p , so
kit, tdng 1 ^ dpt hifu qud cdn ddm bdo nhihig y i u
odu sou: - Lga chpn cdc n f l dung, riillt k l cdc N V
hpc i f p phO hpp Khi k/a chpn n f l dung, G V cdn
cho ^ Idl chudn kiln rildc, kr ndng cOa bdi hpc d l
ddm bdo Knh vOa sue ddi vdi HS Lya chpn nhOng
N V phO hpp vdi ndng lye chung cOo HS, nhung
cOng n f c i c d m f t s d N V h p c t f p h ; chpn cd Hnh
ndng cno, md rfng ddnh cho HS khd, gidi Ngodi
ra, G V cdn cho $> theo ddl, hudng ddn, hd h p HS
khi odn riiiD; - G V vd HS phdt d i u & b| ddy do oic
Tw ehi BIto dye sg 282 IM * • »/ioii>
N V bdl h p c G V c a n pd ndng k/c ehuyin mdn, dupe fim hllu If luf n ve cdc PPDH Hch eye, hong
dd ed hpc riieo HD, kr nfing riillt k l bdl hpc, id chOc hpc riieo HD Cdn HS phdi cd ndng lye Idm vlfc fldi eye, d f c lfp, du^c r ^ luyfn 1^ ndng hpp h3C, gidl quylt vdn d l
V a n dyng PPDH HD hong bdl f n tdp, so kit, tdng kit m f t edeh linh hopt se gdp phdn ndng
cao hliu qud bdi hpc, phdt huy tinh Hch eye, d f c
Idp cOa HS; giOp HS nam vung ede sy kifn, hiin hjpng Ijch si>, flln Ml hlnh riidnh khdi nifm vd
gdp phdn gido dye hj hidng, flnh cdm, dpo due
cOng nhu pndthlln todn dlfn PPDH ndycOng ed rill v f n dyng hong DH lopl bdl nghlin edu kiln riiOc mdi hoy bdl hpc hdn hpp G V cdn cd vdo
n f l dung tOng bdi hpc, d l l u kifn trudng, Idp, hlnh d f HS de v f n dyng phuong phdp ndy mft cdch pho hpp, hlf u qud Q
(1) Dy in Viet - Bl D^y v& hyc ttch eye - m^t stf
phnvng phllp vi Id thnflt d^y hpc NXB Dpi h(K su
phgin,H.XlQ
(2) Nguyin Thj C^ C^c con dudng, bifn phitp nAng
cao Ufa qni d«y bye Ljcb sd d trudng pbit tbOng
NXB Dgi hoc suphgm, H 2006
Tillifolhamidilo
1 Phan Ngyc Lien (chO bien) TTInh EXnh TUng -Nguyfin Tht Cdl Phmmg phdp d^y hoc Ljcb sd; T{lp
1,2 NXB i>|il hgc suphfm, H 2009
2 Cao Thi ThIUig "Hpc theo hgp ddng v& budc diu
triln khal ftp dpng d Viet Nam", Tgp chl Gldo dtic, stf
239 2010
3 Hoiug Thanh Til "Hudng dSn On t^p dya tren phong cfich hoc l$p trong dfiy hpc Llch siY d tnidng
ming hyc phi IhOng" Tgp chl Gldo diic, stf 208.2009
4 Phan Ngpc Lien (ting chil bien) L|ch sd 10 NXB
Gldo<t|>c, H.2009
5 Joseph R Codde Ushig learning contract bi tlw
college classroom Michigan State University,
Michigan 1996
6 T Sullivan Learning contract Manitoba
Untverstty, Manitoba 2003
SUMMAiiV
There are marry ways to renovate teaching
meth-odOlogy In high school and applying modem teach-tory in particular Is an Important way The arttele pre-sents contract learning - one of ttte most poputar modem methods We foci£ to present some issues of corttract learning: concept about contract iearr^, Implerrtentallon process af>plylng to teach a spedlk; lesson and some notes when foacher wants to oppiy thismethodin teaching