THIET KE CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN 111 DANH GIA Kt l QUA HOC TAP GUA HDC SINH THIU CHUAN K I I N THKC, Kl NANG O NGUYEN HUU TUAN" TS, TRAN TRUNG" 1 E)dnh gid (DG) k i t qud hpc tdp (KQHT) cua hpc[.]
Trang 1THIET KE CAU HOI TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN
111 DANH GIA Ktl QUA HOC TAP GUA HDC SINH THIU CHUAN KIIN THKC, Kl NANG
O NGUYEN HUU TUAN" - TS, TRAN T R U N G "
1 E)dnh gid (DG) k i t qud hpc tdp (KQHT) cua
hpc sinh (HS) Id mot qud trinh thu thdp cdc thdng
hn ve k i l n thuc, K N , thdi dp cua HS mdt cdch
ddy d u , dung ddn, chfnh xdc vdi ndng luc eua
HS, tCr d d so sdnh vdi mdt «tqp hqp" cdc heu chi
thich hpp cua mye tieu dd xdc dinh nhdm duo ro
quyet djnh theo mpt mye dfch ndo dd giup dieu
chinh qud trinh day hpc td't hon Viec D G dung
chdt lupng hpc tdp se giup HS thd'y duoc KQHT
eua ed nhdn, tu dd ed bien phdp phdn d d u , d i l u
chinh qud trinh hpc tap cho minh; ddng thdi cung
cd'p cdc thdng tin hi/u ich giup GV vd cdc cdp
qudn li cd sy dieu ehinh phCi hpp nhdm dqt duoc
mye heu gido dye de ra
Npi dung D G phdi boo qudt ddy dtJ nhi/ng
npi dung hpc tqp dupe quy djnh trong chuong
trinh trung hpc phd thdng, ddm bdo trpng tdm vd
dp sdu cua k i l n thuc, khdng chf dung Iqi d edu
hdi cd mi/e do nhqn biet md phdi chpn lya nhijng
edu hdi d muc dp thdng h i l u vd van dyng; xdc
dinh duqe cae thao tdc, hoqt dqng h/ong ung
theo chudn kien thuc, KN de Idm co sd cho viec
bien soqn edu hdi TN vd h/ ludn nhdm ddm bdo
D G dtJng nang luc euo HS
2 Cdc l o p i hinh DG
Cdn cir vdo mye dich DG, ed the phdn chia
thdnh 2 loqi hinh E>G: 1) DG qud trinh, duqe t i l n
hdnh trong qud trinh dqy hqc mdt ndi dung ey
t h i nhdm thu thdp thdng tin phdn hdi ve KQHT
ciio HS ve ndi dung d d , dijng Idm co so cho viec
djnh hudng hopt dpng dqy hqe t i l p theo; 2) DG
tong kit, duqe thye hien vdo cudi moi giai doqn
ddo tqo nhdm cung cd'p thdng hn v l KQHT ct/o
HS so vdi muc tieu gido dye eua moi giai doqn
Cdn n l u edn eu fheo ndi dung, cung ed t h i
phdn d i i a thdnh 2 loqi hinh DG: 1) £>G theo chuan,
nhdm so sdnh KQHT cOo HS ndy so vdi cdc HS
khde khi duqe hpc cilng mpt chuong trinh gido
dye Cdch DG ndy cho phep sdp x I p KQHT eua
HS theo thu t y vd phdn lopi HS theo fhir t u ; 2) DG
Tap chi Giao due so 2 7 6 (ki a - la/aoni
rfteo tieu chi, nhdm xdc djnh KQHT eua mdi HS
theo mye tieu gido dye, chi ro nhi/ng k i l n thuc,
KN vd thdi do ndo md HS phdi dqt dupe h^ong qua h-inh hqe tqp
3 D G KQHT theo chud'n k i l n tht/c, K N
b d n g b d edu hdi trde nghiem (TN) khdch quan Thdng thirong, GV su dyng edu hdi TN Idm cdng
ey D G KQHT cua HS bdng phuong phdp kiem tra Viet d l tX? k i t thiJc theo heu ehi
Viec DG KQHT (vdi mon TodnJ ctJo HS THPT thye hien theo quy trinh: 1] Xdc djnh mye dich, yeu edu D G ; 2} Lua chqn phuong phap D G ; 3) Bien soqn cdng cy DG [bp edu hdi vd d l thi); 4) T i l n hdnh k i l m tra, thu thdp thdng hn; 5) Phdn h'ch thong hn thu duqe; d) Nhdn xet cdng cy OG,
k i t ludn vd ra quyet dinh ve KQHT cua HS
Viee soqn edu hdi TN theo chudn k i l n thuc,
KN thyc hien theo quy trinh: 1) Phdn loqi cdc chudn k i l n thi/c, KN theo cd'p do nhdn thuc (nhdn
b i l t , thdng h i l u , van dyng); 2) Xdc dinh cdc thoo tde, hoat ddng tuong ung cua HS theo chudn k i l n thuc, KN edn k i l m tra, E X J ; 3) Xdc djnh mdt so dpng todn co bdn vd nhi/ng sol Idm thudng g a p eua HS khi Idm bdi k i l m tra; 4) Xdy dung bdng trpng sdcua bd edu hdi; 5) Blen sopn, thu nghiem, phdn tich, hodn thi^n bd edu hdi
Quy trinh ra de thi TN theo chudn k i l n thuc,
KN thyc hien theo 5 bircrc eo bdn sou: 1) Xdc
djnh mye heu edn £X5; 2) Xdc djnh ndi dung DG;
3) Lya chpn phiramg phdp D G , xdc djnh cdng cy
DG; 4) Xdy dyng mo trdn d l thi; 5) Too de thi h j
bp edu hdi theo ma trdn de
4 Phdn tich tham so' bp edu hdi T N
1) Phdn tich edu hdi TN De xdc djnh dp khd
vd dp phdn biet ci3a edu hdi vd bdi thi TN, ed t h i
su dyng mpt so khdi niSm vd cdng thi/c trong xdc sudt ihdng ke gdm: cong thuc tinh d i l m trung binh
* Tnrdng THCS lim Phu - liuy«n Lang Chdnh - Tlianli Hoa
" Trintng Dir bi dai hoc dan toe Sam Son
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Trang 2Idi dung eua HS thi> I khi Idm bdi thi TN) trong
dqt thi gdm M HS Id f = ^=^; cong thuc tinh dp
lech tieu chudn Id a = j ^ ' j ' (khi d d phuong
sol cua edu hdi TN Id ()')
Dp khd cua edu TN duqe tinh theo cdng tht/c
Pi='r ', trong d d : p, Id dq khd cija edu hdi thu i;
s Id sd HS trd Idi dung edu hdi thu I; M Id sd HS
cJutbi
Mot edu hdi I cd k edu trd Idi thi cd dd khd
( 1 0 0 % + ' )
trung binh Id — ~ ~ (thdng thi/<ing p, ndm h-ong
khodng 0,25 - 0,75 Id phu hqp)
Mdt edu hdi TN ed do phdn biSt tdt cho phep
phdn biet dupe HS gidi vdi HS kem vd Idm «gia
Idng" dp tin cdy vd dp gid trj eua bdi thi Viec
phdn h'ch dp phdn biet duoc thyc hien theo ede
budc sou: 1) Xep ede bdng trd Idi dd chdm theo
thu h j h> d i l m sd cao d i n thdp; 2) Phdn chia cdc
bdng trd Idi theo 2 nhdm: nhdm cao (xdp x i 27%
euo todn nhdm) ed diem coo nhd't, nhom thdp
(xd'p xi 27% cua todn nhdm) cd d i l m thdp nhdt;
3) Thdng ke sd Idn trd Idi cua HS h"ong ed 2 nhdm
cho moi phuong dn ebon eua moi edu T N khdch
quan; 4) Cdng so' Idn trd loi diing euo nhdm coo
vd thd'p, chia tdng sd ndy cho sd' bdi (sd ngudi)
cua 2 nhdm cdng Ipi - k i t qud Id chi sd' khd eiJa
edu i; lay so' Idm dung trong nhdm cao tru sd Idm
diJng trong nhdm thd'p, rdi chia hieu sd' ndy vdi
hieu s o t d i d a c u a n d ( 2 7 % M ] , k i t qud Id dp phdn
biet cua edu TN 1
N h u vdy, dp phdn biet D dupe tinh bol cdng
thuc: D = SjlZL; trong d d : C Id sd HS nhdm gidi
S
Idm dung edu hdi i; T, Id sd HS nhdm kem Idm
dung edu hdi i, S = 27% x M
Chi sd D t l / 40% trd len Id «rd't tdt", h> 30-39%
Id «khd tot", h/ 20-29% Id «tqm dupe", duoi 19%
Id «kem" - cdn lopi bd hay sua chi/a Ipi cho tdt
hem Dp phdn biet eua edu hdi TN ti le thudn vdi
do tin cdy cua bdi thi TN (thong thudng, do phdn
biSt chop nhdn dupe phdi Idn hon 0,2)
2) Phdn tich bdi thi TN Dp khd cua bdi TN
thi; n Id sd edu hdi cOa d l TN
D l l m trung binh li tudng cua d l T N vol moi
edu hdi cd k phuong dn trd Idi Id; o = — ^ Khi
I'coo hon hodc thd'p hon D thi d l TN Id cie hon hodc khd hon'so vdi ddi h/png HS
Bdi thi dupe xem Id cd do tin edy cao khi no cho nhung k i t qud dn djnh, nghTo Id khi Idm bdi
TN d d hon 1 Idn, mdi HS van git/ duqe thu hqng tuong ddi cua minh trong nhdm Chung to cd the
tinh d d tin cqy theo Cong thuc Kuder- Richardxm,
dua trSn y tudng xem mdi edu trong bdi TN Id mdt bdi TN tuong duong - h/c Id chung cd cung
d i l m trung binh vd cCing phuong sal
Dya trgn gid t h i l t cd t h i thu duqe cdng thiJc Kuder - Richardson.20 nhu sou d l tfnh d d hn cdy cua m ^ t b d l TN: r = —^— (1 - ^ ^ f ' ) ; trong do:
n Id sd edu hdi euo d l T N ; p, Id do khd cua edu
hdi TN thu I; q, = 1 - p, (tf le trd loi sal euo cm} hdi
TN thu I); 5^ Id phi/ong sai ciJa tdng d i l m mpi
HS ddi vdi cd de TN
Cdng thuc Kuder - Richardson 20 hoi khd dp
d y n g , vi d d i hdi phdi b i l t do khd p ci)a moi edu T N Trong trirong hpp d p khd ciJa eae edu trde nghiem khong khde nhau n h i l u , co
t h i su d y n g cdng thuc Kuder-Richarson 21:
duqe tinh theo cdng thuc P = — ; trong d d : A" Id
(«-l)
n
;hrongdd: ,vld diem trung
binh cijo cdc d i l m thd ciia M HS d u thi; S' Id phuong sol eua tdng d l l m mpi HS d^i vol ea diTN
D d tin edy euo bdi TN phy thudc nhilu vdo cdch chpn mau (sd lupng edu hdi), do khd, dd phdn biSt cua cdc edu hdi Mdt bdi thi ed do tin cqy mdi ed t h i ed dp gid h-j - h/e Id ehi khi bdi ihi cho mdt k i t qua dn djnh mdi giup do chfnh xdc
«cdl edn d o " vd dot duijc mye dfch eua ki thi hay kiem tro Dp hn edy vd dp gid tri khde nhau d cho: dp tin edy lien quon d i n su dn djnh cua diem so, edn do gid trj lien quan d i n mye dfch eua sy do luong Tuy nhien, mot bai T N tin cQy
(Xem tiip trang 33}
Tap chi Giao due so 2 7 6 (ki a • la/aonj
Trang 3todn; Idm cho HS y thi/c dt/pc vd b i l t st/ dyng
cdc cd'u true d i l u k h i l n eo bdn de q u y l t dinh
trinh t u cdc budc Thdng quo viec truyen thy tri
thuc ndy ehu trpng viec phdt trien tu duy thudt
Hjdn cho HS Bdi le, tu duy thupt todn gop phdn
phdt trien ndng lye Hi tue chung nhu: phdn tfch,
tdng hpp, khdi qudt hda.,., ddng thdi hinh thdnh
nhCmg phdm chd't nhu: tfnh khoa hpc, ki ludt, tinh
phe phdn vd thdi quen k i l m tra
3.2 Truyin thy nhung TTPP ed tinh ehd't
tim dodn TTPP cd tinh ehd't tim dodn boo gdm
cdc HD: quy Iq ve quen, khdi qudt hda, tuong ty
hda, Hm \6\ Idi gidi, Nhi/ng quy tdc, PP Hm
dodn chi td nht/ng gpi y d l gidi q u y l t vd'n d l
ehu khdng phdi Id thuqt todn ddm bdo chdc chdn
ddn hii su thdnh cdng Cho nen cdn ren Iuy6n
cho HS tinh mem deo, linh hopt, b i l t dieu chinh
phuong hudng khi cdn t h i l t d l ddn tdi sy rfidnh
cdng Truyin Hiy TTPP mang Hnh chdt tim dodn
thifdng dtrpc thyc hien theo hai cd'p dp: thdng
bdo TTPP Hong qud trinh HD; tap luy&n cho HS
nhung HD dn khdp vdi TTPP md ta mong mud'n
ho b i l t thuc hien G
Tiii lifu tham khdo
1 Nguyin Ba Kim Phinmg p h a p day hoc mdn T o i n
NXB Daihocsupiigm H 2006
2 La Diic Minh - Nguyen Thi Quy nh Nga "B6i duOng
tri thiic phuong phap cho hpc sinh trong day hoc mOn
t o i n a t r u a n g ph6 thOng" Tgp chi Gido due
s6' 244/2010
3 BiJi Van Nghj V&n d u n g li loan vao t h y c tien day
hpc mOn Toan a t r u d n g ph6 thong NXB Dgi hoc sir
phgm R2009
4 Dao Tam - Tran Trung T6' chirc hoat ddng n h a n
phd thdng NXB Dgi hoc suphgm H 2010
5 Nguyen V3n Thuiln Gdp phdn phdt trien ndng luc
tu duy logic vd siJe dung chinh xdc ngdn nga todn hgc
cho hgc sinh ddu cdp trung hpc phS thdng trong dgy
hgc Dgi sd' LuSn kn ti^n si Giao due hpc, Trucrng Dai
h p c Vinh, 2004
6 Edgarmorin- T r i thuc ve tri thirc (Le Difin dich)
NXB Dgi hoc qudc gia Hd Noi, 2006
SUMMARY
To improve the quality ot teaching mathematics
teachers should always aim to equip the intellectual
methods for students This article refers the types, levels
and ways of imparting the Intellectual methods In
teaching mathematics at high Schools
Tap chi Giao due so 2 7 6 (ki a • la/aoii)
Thiet ke cau hoi trac nghiem
(Tiip theo trang 24)
chua chdc dd cd dp gid tri (cd diem so dn djnh, nhung khdng do dupe edi edn do); nhung ngupc Iql, mdt bdi TN ed do gid tri thi chdc chdn cd dp tin cdy Dd gid trj lien quan d i n mOc dp md bdi
TN dd phye vy duoc cho mye dich cOa su do ludng vdi nhdm ngudi ta mudn khdo sdt, Thdng thudng, ed mpt sd lopi «gid Hj" nhu; ddng thdi Hen dodn, npi dung, khdi niem tqo Idp Trong Ht/dng hqp soqn thdo cdc bdi thi TN, khi khdng
cd thdi gian de thi thu vd phdn tich cdc cdu hdi cung nhu todn bdi thi, GV cd the st) dyng sy phdn dodn de xdc djnh do gid Hj cua bdi thi,
Cd t h i ndi kiem tra, D G KQHT eua HS chi ed tde dyng khi nd dupe t i l n hdnh cd muc dich, cd
ke hoqch, gdn vdl ede chuan D G Viec ddi mdi kiem tro, D G tren co sd chudn k i l n tht/c kl ndng eua mon hqc se g d p phdn ndng coo chd't lupng gido dye trong cdc nhd trudng phd thdng, khde phye sy phdt trien khdng ddng deu v l kinh t l
-xd hpi vd dieu kien gido dye khde nhau gii/a cdc VLing, mien; ddng rtndi se tpo su binh ddng
v l CO hpl hpc tdp cd chdt luong cho mqi HS, khde phye hien tupng «qud t d i " trong day hpc, qua dd hinh thdnh edeh DG thdn thien, tqo sy ty
Hn vd hung thu trong hpc tdp dd'i vdi cdc em Q
T a i lieu tham khao
1 Le Due Ngpc V3n tat ve do lirung vii d a n h gia
thanh qua hpc t a p trong giao due dai hpc NXB Dgi
hoc qu&c gia Hd N^i 2001
2 Nguyen Thi Lan Phuemg - Phan Thj LuyfEn "Dinh gia kft qua hpc tap mdn Toan phd thdng theo chuin
kit?n thirc, kl nSng", Tgp chi Gido d^c, &6 237/2010
3 D^o Tam - Tr^n Trung Td chuc boat ddng nhSn
phd thdng NXB Dgi hgc suphgm H.2010
SUMMARY
Ministry of Education and Training has issued standards of knowledge, skills for high school programs Currently there have been some documentation done preparing and teaching standard So It is necessary
to inspect, evaluate standard to ensure the implem&->tafion of objective secondary program This article presents the process of designing objective test questions to assess learning outcomes of students according to the standard of knowledge, skills
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