HU''''CNG DAN QUAN LI sy DUNG Sir DUNG Sir 0 0 TV DUY DE CUNG CO KIEN THUC DAI HOC LICH SU 1 Y nghia cda vigc sir dyng sff do tu duy trong vigc cung CO kien thirc bdi hgc Ljch Sii d t r u ^ g pho thdng S[.]
Trang 1Sir DUNG Sir 0 0 TV DUY
DE CUNG CO KIEN THUC DAI HOC LICH SU
1 Y nghia cda vigc sir
dyng sff do tu- duy trong vigc
cung CO kien thirc bdi hgc
Ljch Sii d t r u ^ g pho thdng
So dd tu duy dugc Tony
Buzan nghien ciiu yd dua vdo
img dyng tren thd gidi vao
nhihig ndm 60 cua the ki XX,
dng dugc \cni la cha de ciia
SDTD hign dgi So do tuduy la
PGS TS Tr^n Vinh T u d n g ; Huynh T h i M g n g Thirdug
Tru&ng Dgi hgc Suphgm - Dgi hgc Hue
ngi dung bdi hgc de G V cd the myc tieu day hgc cho phu hgp
ddnh gia nhgn thiic ciia HS, de Khi sir dyng SDTD di ciing
di6u chinh lgi cdch truyen dgt co kien thirc bdi hgc lich sii, cho phil hgp GV can phdi cdn cii vao muc
Rd rdng, vigc sii dyng tieu bdi hgc, ddi tugng HS, SDTD trong khau ciing cd didu kign vd nhigm vy hgc tap bdi gidng cdn cd nghTa rat ldn cu thd md cd the dieu chinli trong vigc rdn luygn tu duy,
phdt trien kT ndng phan tich,
so sdnh vd tdng hgp Ben cgnh mgt trong nhirng phucmg phdp dd, vigc ciing cd kidn thirc bdi
dd truydn tdi thdng tin ddn bg h9c bdng SDTD nhdm cung
ndo ngudi hgc la phuang tien
ghi chep day sang tao va rat
higu qud, sdp xep y nghT cua
ngudi hgc Theo Tony Buzan:
"Sa do tu duy la mgt cong cu
td chiic tu duy nen tdng, cd
thi miiu td nd Id mpt ky thudt
hinh hga vdi su kit hgp giiia
tit ngir, hinh dnh, dudng net,
mdu sde phil hgp v&i cdu true
hogl dgng vd chdc ndng cua
bg ndo, giup con ngudi khai
thdc tiem ndng vo tgn cua bg
ndo No dugc coi la su lua
chgn cho lodn bg tri dc hudng
vigc sir dyng SDTD cho phii hgp, nhung phai dap iing dugc nhirng chudn kidn thiic vd Id ndng ma myc tidu mdn hgc de
ra SDTD dugc sii dyng phai cap mgt biic tranh tdng the, ddp iing cdc ydu cdu nhu: rd
cd hg thdng ve ngi dung kien rang, dam bdo tinh khoa hgc, thirc CO bdn md HS vira hgc
Ngodi ra, nd cdn cd y nghTa trong viec ren luygn kT ndng hgp tdc, kT ndng td chuc, kT nang Idm vigc nhdm ndu qud trinh thi8t kd SDTD ddi hdi phdi chia thanh cac cdng dogn khac nhau vdi sy tham gia ciia nhidu ngudi GV cd the sir dyng SDTD dd td chirc hogt d9ng cua HS trong khdu ciing
cd kien thuc bai hgc vdi nhimg
tinh su phgm, cung nhu mdi quan hg giiia cdc kien thiic co bdn cua bdi hgc Tiiy theo muc tieu, ddi tugng HS, ngi dung
vd phuang phdp dgy hgc da lya chgn, GV cd thd sii dyng SDTD theo cac cdch khac nhau frong cung cd bdi gidng:
T h i j nhat, GV sir dyng SDTD da xdy dung sdn de Cling cd bdi hgc:
Khi HS chua thdnh thgo frong vigc xdy dung SDTD, muc dg khac nhau nhung phdi
t&i loi suy nghT tu duy mgch phii hgp vdi ddc diem nhgn GV nen sii dyng cdc SDTD da lgc" [3, tr 5] Chinh sy lien thiic ciia HS xay dung sdn (do GV thidt ke)
2 Cling CO kien thirc bdi de tdng kdt bai hgc vd yeu cdu hgc bdng vigc sir d y n g s o do HS trinh bdy Iai toan bd ngi
t v d u y Myc tieu dgy hgc d trudng trung hgc cd nhieu cdp dg khac nhau va d mgt bai hgc cy thd thi CO m$t myc tieu ca bdn ma
GV cdn cung cap cho HS (vd bdy dugc phat trien dua fren ki8n thiic, thai dg - tinh cdm, cdc hinh dnh va tir khda ciia
kl ndng) Khi dgy hgc G V phai SDTD HS chgn thir tu cac y ddp ling nhiing muc tieu dgt ra de hinh bay theo hudng bdt sau nhiing kidn thiic frgng Tuy nhidn, tiiy thuge vao timg ngudn td trung tam di chuydn tam Hgc sinh (HS) sir duiig ddi tugng, dieu kign vd nhigm ra phia ngoai theo chidu kim
SDTD dk thd hign lgi s\r hidu vu hgc tap cu thd, md GV cd ddng hd Trong qua fruih HS
bidt cua minh qua vigc tidp thu thd didu chinh vigc xay dgng trinh bdy, GV nen khich 1^
Ngdy nhgn bdi 15/10/2012: Ngdy duyfl ddng 25/10/2012
kdt ndy dd tao ra dugc mgt buc
tranh tdng the md td mgt each
day dil vd rd rdng nhat ve ngi
dung kidn thiic ma ngudi dgy
mudn truyen dat
Sii_ dyng SDTD de ciing
cd kidn thiic bdi hgc la vigc
Idm rdt cd higu qua Giao vien
(GV) su dung SDTD dd thd
hien Iai kien thiic co ban cua
bdi hgc, franh bj bd sdt y, khde
dung eita bdi hgc
GV hudng ddn HS thuySt trinh SDTD nhu sau: ngi dung chinh ciia bdi ndm d trung tdm ciia SDTD Cac y chinh trinh
Trang 2HS de xudt y kidn dd md rgng
ndi dung ciia SDTD Vdi HS
gidi, GV cd thd diing SDTD
cd nhung ndi dung chua hap
Iy (thidu ngi dung chinh, didn
^ t qua ddi ddng, ve hinh minh
hga qud phuc tap hodc khdng
lien quan den ngi dung can the
hien) vd ydu cdu HS phdt hidn
ldi vd chinh Igi cho hgp Ii
Vi du, GV sir dyng^ SDTD
v6 "phong kien Tay Au (the
ki V - XIV)" de ciing cd bdi
10: "ThM ki hinh thdnh va
phdt trien ciia che dg phong
kien d Tay Au (tir the ki V
den the ki XIV)" (Lich sur 10
- Chuong trinh Chuan) nhu
sau: (So dd 1)
Vigc sir dyng SDTD da xdy dgng sdn giiip HS nhanh chdng nhd dugc cdch thidt lgp SDTD va nang cao khd nang thuydt frinh ngi dung da hgc trudc ldp
ThiT hai;^ GV sir_ dyng
SDTD khuy8t thieu dh ciing
cd ngi dung bai hgc:
Khi HS da cd nhirng ki ndng
thilt lgp SDTD, GV thiat U cac
SDTD khuyet thieu dd yeu cdu
HS tdng ket bdi hgc Hogt dgng dgy hgc nay se dugc thyc hign nhu sau:
- GV giao nhigm vy cho
HS dung cac cym tir ngdn ggn
dd dien cdc thdng tin cdn thieu hodc diing them hinh anh lien
tudng cho SDTD, sau do trinh bay tnrdc cd Idp ngi dung cua SDTD
- Trong qua trinh HS trinh bdy, GV cd the yeu cdu HS giai thich y nghTa ciia cdc hinh ve lidn tudng dd cdc HS khac cd thd hgc tgp each sii dyng hinh dnh ciia ban frong mgt khdng khi hgc tap vui ve, ciing cd su
tu tin vd nang cao higu qua viec thidt lap SDTD cho HS
Vi dy,_Gy sii dyng SDTD khuyet thieu ve "Tay Au hau ki trung dai" de cimg cd bdi II:
"Tay Au thdi hgu ki trung dai" OLieh sir 10 - Chmmg trinh
chuan)nhu sau: (Sa do 2)
Viec sir dyng SDTD khuyet
DliH i6 U N H 01* Tine > »» M l
- • U THMIH TH) TWIH6 B ^
mwHrt ' •
"^^
RINH TJ LAMK OU ,
TINH a i r n ; dip, r u TUC
A PHONG KICN TAY AU f
( T H C K I V - X I V )
HINHTHAHH
V-o f QUDC vt • MA S j r Tfu
NGUlIn GliC MAN XAH C H ] ( H
L i N H T H S D l q u d c a A ' MA
c i c VUmG QUOC PHONG K [ I N
— • GIMCtoCOBAPI p j f ^ " ™
-j THtCHtCflIN TRI L o l i o i l P H O N C K I i N f
tna-RANG
1 ANC - CIO XAC XDNG
|I!6NCC6T
"'"-"
Sa dd I- Sa do tu duy "phong kic'ii Tdy Au (the ki V- XIV)
Sff do 2: Sa dd tit duy khuyit Miu "TdyAu hdu B trung dai"
Trang 3thieu de cung co bdi hgc nhu
mgt hinh thiic kiem tra vigc
ndm kien thiic ciia HS sau bdi
hgc sd giiip GV tict kigm dugc
thdi gian ma van ddnh gid ca
phan hicu va phan nhd ciia HS
ddi vdi ngi dung bdi hgc, trdnh
dugc tinh trang "hgc v^f" ciia
HS
otMMnMiiDiniintl
wiiNUQccMOTi lliu K<« HI an moil -^
HS ldm vi§c theo c$p, nhdm) nhu sau:
/ Diiu ki^n thien nhiin
cua khu vuc Ddng Nam A cd nhirng thugn lgi vd khd khdn
gi cho su sdng ciia con ngu&i?
2 Cdc quoc gia co p; Ddng Nam A ra d&i trong diiu ki^n
EHIHiUClCHUI
^ l l h t l t ' t V K H i t u - V / N U K O M I ^ T H I K T I I
CUHtUUtHUMOW
»6ll{UNliTH6t
IMTNUMUCnMiniHnLXUWC
^ii]irKi[ic6»cijLJ0
Sado 3: Sadd tuduy "Dong Nam A thdi phong kien"
Thif ba, GV to chOrc HS
xdy dgng SDTD dd ciing cd
ndi dung bai hgc:
O miic do cao han, GV cd
the td chiic cho HS xay dyng
SDTD ciing cd ndi dung cua
bdi hgc dga tren nhtmg kidn
thirc CO ban va cd he thdng
cau hdi ggi md Vide thiet lgp
SDTD vdo cudi cdc tidt hgc
sau khi hoc xong mot bai hgc,
de tidu ket lgi cdc kidn thirc c o
ban, trgng tdm
Vi du nhu, khi hgc xong bdi
8: " S y hinh t h a n h vd phdt
trien cac virong quoc chinh
& Dong Nam A " (Lich sir 10
- C h u o n g trinh Chuan), GV
yeu cau HS xdy dung SDTD
vdi tir khda trung tam "Dong
Nam A thdi phong k i e n " (so
do 3) Dd vice xdy dung SDTD
dd dang GV cd thd dat ra cac
cau hdi ggi md giiip HS thiet
lap SDTD vd tidt kiem thdi
gian khi td chiic hoat dgng
day hgc nay (GV cd the cho
3 Su phdt tnen thinh dai cua cdc qudc gia phong kiin Dong Nam A dugc biiu hiin nhu the ndo?
4 Niu nhiing biiu hiin suy thodi cua cdc quoc gia phong kiin Ddng Nam A ?
Dya tren cdu hdi ggi md ciia GV, hgc sinh cd the thiet lap dugc cdc nhdnh chinh ciia SDTD, ddng thdi cdu frd ldi chinh Id ngi dung se dugc ghi thanh cdc y tren nhanh con cdp 2
Vdi nhirng each su dung nhu tren, thyc chat la GV giiip
HS xac dinh dugc hg thdng ciia mgt van dd nghien ciru, tham gia vdo qua frinh xay dyng SDTD tren ca sd ndm dupc kien thiic co ban, mau chdt ma cdn xac djnh dugc mdi quan he ban chdt cua cac
bd phgn frong mgt he thdng theo mgt logic ndo dd
3 Cung c^ kien thuc bdi hgc Id khau quan trgng trong
qud tiinh day hgc i}ch sfr Thge hign tdt khau nay khdng chi giiip HS tdng ket vd h? thdng hda kien thiic bdi hgc mgt cdch khoa hgc vd logic,
md cdn giiip cac em phat huy dugc tinh tich cgc, chu dgng, sdng tao Tuy nhidn, tiiy theo dieu kign, chii thd nhdn thu:c
vd nhigm vy hgc tgp, GV cdn xdc dinh rd muc dich, quy md
vd quy trinh sir dyng SDTD trong khdu cung cd kien thiic bdi hgc Nhung vigc ciing cd kien thiie bdi hgc cdn phdi cdn cir vdo myc tidu dgy hgc, myc tidu ren luygn kT ndng bg mdn Lich sir cdng dgt higu qua cao khi GV td chiic cho HS thidt
kd SDTD de ciing cd kien thiic bai hgc
Tai ligu tham khao
1 Bg Giao due va Dao tao,
Sdch gido khoa Lfch sir 10,
NXBG/ao Juc,H.(2011)
2 Tony - Barry Buzan, SffM
tir duy, NXB Tdng hgp Thanh
Chi Minh (2010)
3 Tran Dinh Chau - Dang^Thi
Thu Thuy, Thiit ki ban S tir
duy dgy - hgc mon Todn, NXB Gido duc,\i.Q.(i\\)
4 Phan Ngoc Lien (chu bien),
Phutmg phdp dgy hgc lich su tgp 1- 2 NXB Dai hoc Supham,
H(2002)
Summary This acticle mention about using mind maps to promote lessons is a measure to improve the history lessons in high school Teachers can design or show students how to design mastering their (most effective) lessons, thereby helping smdents inculcate knowledge, frain analytical skills and generalize learning content with an overall picture of content knowledge systems students have learned