Hghien cuu Yrao 66i BAN DO TRI THirC VE THU VIEN SO CHUAN QUOC TE VA UNG DUNG CHO NGHIEN CUU DAO TAD THU VIEN SO VIET NAM ThS Nguyin Hoang Son NCS ngdnh Qudn tri Thdng tin Tri thiic, Dai hoc Cdng nghi[.]
Trang 1BAN DO TRI THirC VE THU VIEN SO CHUAN QUOC TE VA UNG DUNG CHO NGHIEN CUU - DAO TAD THU VIEN SO VIET NAM
ThS Nguyin Hoang Son
NCS ngdnh Qudn tri Thdng tin-Tri thiic,
Dai hoc Cdng nghi Sydney Khoa Thong tin-ThuviSn, DHKHXH&NV Hd N6i
Gi&i thieu khdi niem Bdn dS tri thiic Trinh biy phuong phdp nghien ciiu vi Mt qud dtft dum trong xdy dung Bdn dd tri thtic thw viSn s6 (1990-2010) chudn qugc
te Be xudt hudng vd ndi dung ling dung Bdn dS tri thtic ndy vdo thuc te nghien cmi- i&o too thu vien sff Viit Nam
1 Loi noi dSu
Nghien cmi-dko tao (NC-DT) thu
vien so (TVS) Vi6t Nam dong vai tr6 hSt
siic quan trong vk la khoi diem cho su
phat trien TVS Viet Nam Mot so ket
qua nghiSn ciiu ducrc cong bo vao cac
nam 2006 [17], 2007 [18], 2011 [16] ve
NC-DT TVS cua tac gia bii viet nay da
neu ducrc cac van de cc ban trong
NC-DT TVS tr6n the gioi va tai Viet
Nam Tuy nhien, de viSc thiet ke va phSt
trien khung chuong tiinh NC-DT c6 co
so khoa hoc, giai quyet cac vuwng mac
trong NC-DT TVS Viet Nam hien nay,
dat chuan quoc t€ va ket n^i Uen thong
voi sir phat triln TVS tren the gioi, doi
hoi phai c6 nhOng nghien cihi sau, tokn
dien va cap nh§t Hon, vol nhiing cong cu
nghien cuu manh, khoa hoc va khach
quan hon Do vSy, tren co SCT nghien cuu
mod nhSt: "Nghiln ciiu thu vien so
(1990-2010): Bdn dS tri thiic ciia nhung
chii di chink va chii diphu vi TVS" [15]
cua nghien ciiu sinh Nguyin Hoang Son
va Giao su Gobinda Chowdhury, Dai hoc
Cong nghe Sydney, duoc cong bo tren
tap chi Springer Verlag's Lecture Notes
in Computer Science, trong bii vi^t nSiy, tac gia se torn tit ket qui nghiSn ciiu Ban
do tri thiic (BDTT), de xuat each thiic va noi dung ling dung ban do nay v4o thuc
te NC-DT TVS Viet Nam
2 Khai nitm Ban dd tri thiic
Trong lich sir phat trien van minh nhan loai cac nhk khoa hoc diing BDTT (Knowledge Map) duoc cau tnic va he
thong hoa di kham pha, nam bat, xac
dinh, so sanh tri thiic ciia minh voi Ban
6.6 nay, tim ra nhung khoang trong tri
thiic va sang tao ra tri thtic moi lam phong phli va phat trien tri thuc nhan loai BDTT thuong duoc cac nha nghiSn ciiu, giao vidn, sinh vien, dung 1km cong cu de xac dinh, danh gia tri thiic [7] v4 dong vai tr6 quan trong trong vi$c ciu triic, hoc tap v i truyen b i tri thiic Theo Lansing (1997) [9], BDTT duoc trinh
bay bfeg cac so do, hlnh ve, thS hiSn ra6\
quan he ngii nghia giua c4c khai niem, chii de (chlnh - phu), duoc phan loai, phan lop, va trong thuc te, ducrc su dung de dap ling cac nhu c4u sau:
Trang 2TW^f
Mghien cuv - Yrao ddi
- So do h6a cac chi d^ v i y tudng
trong giang day;
- Cau tnic h6a cac y tufing;
- Tao ra cac y tuong mcM hay giiip
ngiioi hoc dong nao;
- Giao tiep cac y tuong phiic tap (cin
c6 su so do h6a);
- Danh giS vk nhSn dien 16 h6ng trong
tri thiic;
- H 6 trg hoc tap bing viec tich hop he
tri thiic m<W v6i he tri thiic cO;
- Mo hlnh h6a tri thiic thSng qua viSc
phan lop, mang luoi quan hg;
- L4m phuong phap hiiu hieu de cap
nhat tri thiic;
Co the noi, phin Ion suy nghl, y tuong
ciia Chung ta dang ton tai o phIn chim
cua "nlii bang" nhan thiic, chi mot phan
nho duoc nhan biet tren phan ndi BDTT
giup mo hlnh hoa va hinh tuong hoa tri
thiic, bien nhung phan chim thinh cac
ban do; giup nhin thay "dudng Men" cua
nhan thiic, pham vi vi noi him cua khai
niem - chu d4 - y tuong cung nhu moi
quan he giiia chiing v<ii nhau; giiip
chung ta hieu so sanh - nhan dien
nhung 16 hong tri thuc ciia minh, tich
hop v i sang tao ra nhung mien tri thiic
moi [7]
3 Gioi thieu Ban do tri thiic \i thu
vien so
3.1 Co so nghien ciiu
Nam 6 diira giao thoa giua khoa hoc
TT-TV va khoa hoc miy tinh, TVS da
duoc de cap nhieu trong htm hai thjp ky
qua Nhi^u c h i di chi'nh - phu di duoc
nghiSn ciiu v i cflng bo du<5i dang muc luc nOi dung trong cic c6ng trinh noi
tieng vi TVS ciia Arms (2000) [1];
Bergman (2000) [2]; Chowdhury & Chowdhury (2003) [3], Lesk (2004) [10], Chowdhury & Chowdhury (1999) [4], DJc biel, Chowdhmy & Chowdhury (1999) [4]
da thSng ke vi xic dinh 16 Hnh VIK chinh trong nghiSn ciiu TVS; nhom ciia Pomerantz et al (2006) [20] da khao
sat 1064 bii vi& khoa hoc vi TVS vi tim
ra 19 chii di chinh vi 69 chii de phu; Liew (2008) [12] da khao sat 557 biiu ghi
vi TVS v i tim duoc 5 chii d^ chinh
v i 62 chii de phu Nhung nghien ciiu niy
da giup xay dimg khung chu de chinh vi
phu ve TVS, bao gSm nhiing van de c6t
loi cua khoa hoc TT-TV v i khoa hoc may tinh (Pomerantz et al, 2006) [20] va cac chii de v^ td chiic v i con nguoi trong TVS (Liew, 2008) [12] Tuy nhien, day chua phai Ik BDTT Do viy, nh6m hai
nhi nghien cuu Nguyln Hoing Son vi
Gobinda Chowdhury [15] d i tien hinh khio sat 7905 bleu ghi ve TVS giai dean 1990-2010 trong CSDL SCOPUS viflm duoc 21 chu de chinh v i 1015 chii dl phu tuong ling, tu do, phSn lop vi c& triic tao nen BDTT bao quit toin dien va cap nhit ve TVS
3.2 Phuong phdp nghien ciiu
L5 trinh bdn buoc da duoc tiSn hinh
de tao ra BDTT nhu sau:
Trang 3Buoc 1
Bu6c2
- Khao sat tii lieu de tim cd lif u nghien ciiu
- Xay dung bing tdng hcrp cic chii de chinh - phu ciia Chowdhury & Chowdhury (1999), Pomerantz et al (2006) vi Liew (2008)
- Xay dung ciu h5i nghien cuu: tim cic chii de chinh vi phu v^ TVS giai doan 1990-2010
- Thu thip, phan tich vi he thdng h6a cac chii de chinh - phu v^ TVS tCr 37 h^i thao qudc le ve TVS: JCDL (2001-2010), ECDL (1997-2010), ICADL (1998-2010)
- Phan loai vi cSu tnic mOt BDTT ve TVS bao gdm 15 chu d^ chinh vi 210 chii
de phu
- Sii dung phuong phip Td chiic tri thiic ciia Cann (1997) [5], Dewey (2003) [6], Kao (2001) [8]; Hwtag din xiy dung tii khoa (NISO, 2005) [13] Buoc 3 - Sii dung co s* diJ Ueu SCOPUS de kiem tra O'nh chinh xac vi noi him ciia 15
chii de chinh vi 210 chii de phu bing cich sii dung cac chii d^ niy lim tii khoa
di tra ciiu trong 7905 bieu ghi ve TVS giai doan 1990-2010
- Loai bo cac chii de khong phii hop khi cho ket qui tim kiem b ^ g 0
- Md rong tim kiem cac chO de ve TVS dua trSn cic tir khoa cua cac bi^u ghi (gidi han trong 5 bieu ghi dau tien)
Buoc 4 - C h u ^ hoa cac chii de tim duoc qua bing de muc ciia co so dir liSu LISA
- Phan loai vi cau triic m6t BDTT ve TVS bao gdm 21 chu de chinh vi 10!5 chu de phu giai doan 1990-2010
Phuong phip nghien ciiu chinh duoc
su dung li:
- Phuong phap dinh tinh: khio sat,
phin tich, tdng hop v i he thdng hoa tri
thiic
- Hai nhom cong cu de xiy dung ban
dd li: Td chiic tri thuc cua Cann (1997),
Dewey (2003), Kao (2001); v i Huong
din xay dtmg tir khoa (NISO, 2005)
- Trac luong thu muc cung duoc sii dung de phkn tich ket qui nghien cihi
5.3 Ket qud nghien ciiu
BDTT ve TVS giai doan (1990-2010)
gdm 21 chi di chinh v i cac cum chii de
phu duoc trinh bay torn tat trong bang sau:
Trang 4Chvi d^ chinh 1: Suu tip sd (48 chu de phu):
Cum chii de phu 1 Cac suu tap sd, Ngudn thong tin sd, Cic tii heu sd, Th6ng tin sd, Cum chii de phu 2 Bd sung, Phat trifa suu tip sd, Chinh sich phit triln suu t^p so, Cum chii de phu 3 Co sd d(r li^u, Co sd dQ- lieu Web, Co sd dO liSu video, Co sd dir lieu hinh inh,
Cum chu di phy 4 Quin tri suu tap sd, Danh gii suu tip sd, Dinh gii thong Un,
Cum chii de phij 5 Da phuong lien, Suu lap da phuong tien, N6i dung da phuong tien,
Chu d^ chinh 2: Bio quin sd (46 chii de phu):
Cum chii de phu 1 Bio quin sd (ndi chung), Quin tri bio quin sd, Chinh sich bio quin sd,
Cum chii de phu 2 Kho sd, He thdng kho sd, Thift bi kho sd, Phuong tien kho sd, , Cum chu de phu 3 Luu tril sd, Quin tri luu trft, Luu UU Web, Luu trii true Wydn, Chu de chinh 3: Td chiic thong tin sd (141 chii de phu):
Cum chii de phu 1 Sieu da lieu Lien thdng sieu dil lieu, Quin ly sieu du lieu, Cum chii de phu 2 Til lieu cau true, Ngon ngii dinh dSu, SGML, XML, HTML,
Cum chii di phu 3 Thu muc Da lieu thu muc, Bi& ghi thu muc,
Cum chu dS phu 4 Kham pha (ndi chung), Kham phi ngudn tin, Kham pha thdng tin,
Cum chu a phu 5 Td chuc thdng tin, Phan loai He thdng phin loai,
Cum chu de phu 6 Khii niem (ndi chung), Thiet ke khai niem, Md hinh hoa khii niem,
Cum chu de phu 7 Phin cip (ndi chung), Phan cap khai niem, Phan cap chii de Cum chu de phu 8 Chii thich (ndi chung), Chii thich tii heu, Chu thich noi dung, Chii thich sd,
Cum chu de phu 9 Nen (ndi chung), Nen du lieu, Nen hinh inh, Ty le nen, Cum chu de phu 10 Xu ly video, Hieu dinh video, Ludng video,
Cum chii de 11 Phin tich thdng tin, Phan tich tii heu, Phan tich vin bin, Phan tich du lieu,
Cum chu de phy 12 N h ^ dien (ndi chung), Nh^n dien ky tu, Nhin dien cha viet, Cum chii d^ phu 13 Xii ly thdng tin, Xu ly vin bin, Xu ly hinh inh
Chii de chinh 4: Tim tin (78 chii dk phu):
Cum chu de phu 1 Tmy v ^ thdng tin He thdng tmy v ^ thu muc, Tinh lien tic trong truy v^n,
Cum chu de phu 2 Tim tin da ngdn ngu, Tim tin da vin hda,
Cum chu ti phu 3 Tim tin (ndi chung) May tim tin Tun toin vin, Chien luoc tim tin,
Cum chu de phu 4 Tra ciiu, Ngdn ngu tra ciiu, Md rpng ngdn ngu tra ciiu, Xii 1^ ng6n ngii tra ciiu,
Cum chii de phu 5 Ludt tin, Ludt video, Ludt tii lieu, Ludt Web,
Cum chu de phu 6 Goi f (ndi chung) He thdng ggi ^,
Cum chu de phu 7 Lpc (ndi chung), Lgc tin, Lpc tin cdng tie,
Trang 5Chu de chinh 5: Tray cap (14 chu dS phu):
Cum chii de phu 1 Truy cip (ndi chung), Quin ly truy cap, Truy cip md Tray cap da ngdn ngu,
Chu de chinh 6: Tuong tac ngudi - may (61 chu de phu):
Cum chii de phu 1 Tmmg tic (noi chung), Tuong tic ngudi - may, Tuong tic ngudi ddngtin,
Cum chu de phu 2 Thiet ke nhin tao, Md hinh chap nhin cdng nghe, Cac yeu td con ngudi,
Cum chii de phu 3 Md hinh hda, Md hinh hoa tri thtic, Trinh biy thdng tin,
Cum chii dk phu 4 Giao diSn ngudi diing, Giao dien ngudi - miy, Dinh gii giao dito,
Chii de chinh 7: Ngudi sii dung (59 chii de phu):
Cum chu de phu 1 Ngudi sii dung, Cong dong ngudi diing tin, Sinh vien, Giio vien, Tre em,
Cum chu de phu 2 Sii dung tin, Cic kieu su dung tin, Danh gia sii dung tin, Thiet ke su dung tin,
Cum chii de phu 3 Nhu ciu tin, Nhu ciu ngudi diing, Quan tim cua ngudi diing, Yeu cau tin,
Cum chii de phu 4 Nghien cihi ngudi diing, Danh gia ngudi diing, Ho so ngudi diing tin, Chu de chinh 8: Kie'n tnic - Ha tang TVS (144 chii de phu):
Cum chii de phu 1 May tinh (ndi chung) May chii - khach He thdng phan tan He thdng cum,
Cum chii de phu 2 Thuit toin (ndi chung), Thuat toin hoc hoi, Md hinh tinh toin, Cum chii de phu 3 Ha tang (ndi chung) Ha ting thong tin toan cau Ha ting ao, Cum chii de phu 4 Phin mem (noi chung), Phin mem TVS, Ha tang phan mim, Cum chii de phu 5 Kien tnic (ndi chung), Kien tnic TVS, Tinh lien tic,
Cum chii de phu 6 Internet, Mang, Web, Web 2.0, Web ngu nghia,
Cum chu de phu 7 Tip hop du Heu, Md hinh du lieu, Ddi tuong hoc tip, Kho ddi tuong sd, Cum chu de phu 8 Ddi tuong sd, Hudng ddi tuong, Lap trinh htrdng ddi tuong, Cum chii de phu 9 He thdng thdng tin He thdng co sd du lieu, Thiet ke he thdng,
Cum chii di phu 10 Hdn tap - Khdng dong nhat (ndi chung), Suu tap hdn tap,
Cum chu de phu 11 Tich hop (noi chung), TVS tich hop Lien TVS,
Cum chu de phu 12 TVS phin tin, Suu tap phan tin, Cdng thdng tin phan tin, Cum chii de phu 13 Tic nhin (noi chung), He thdng da tic nhan, Tic nhin thdng minh, Chii de chinh 9: Quin tri in thiic (58 chii de phu):
Cum chu de phu 1 Quin tri tri thiic (ndi chung), Quin tri du lieu, Quin hi noi dung,
Cum chii di phu 2 Qua trinh tri thiic, Xay dung tri thtic, Thidt ke tn thiic,
Cum chu de phu 3 Cdng tic, Cdng viec cong tic, Tri thiic cdng tic,
THONG TIN v a TU^ UEU - 5/2012
Trang 6Chii de chinh 10: Dich vu TVS (30 chii de phy):
Cum chii de phu 1 Dich vu (ndi chung), Trayen tin, Dich vy thdng tin,
Chii d^ chinh 11: Cdng nghe di dgng (22 chii de phu):
Cum chi de phu 1 TVS di ddng, Dich vu di ddng, Ndi dung di d0ng, Thdng tin di dong,, Cum chii d^ phv 2, Di ddng (ndi chung), Tinh di dOng, Thidt bj di ddng, Ung dung di dong,, Chii de chinh 12: Web xi hdi (Web 2,0) (21 chii de phu):
Cum chu de phu 1 TVS 2.0, Thu thu 2,0, Ngudi sii dyng 2.0, Kien thiic thdng tin 2.0, Cum chi dS phu 2 Web 2.0, (37), Web xi hdi Tun tin tren mang xi hdi, M^g ludi xi hoi, Cum chii de phu 3 Ndi dung do ngudi sii dung l ^ ra, Ngudn dim ddng, Tri hie dim ddng,
Chu de chinh 13: Web ngO nghia (Web 3,0) (30 chii di phy):
Cum chu de phu 1, TVS nga nghia, TVS 3.0,,,
Cum chi di phu 2 Web nga nghia, Web 3.0, Cdng nghe nga nghia, Tim tin ngu nghia, Cum chii di phu 3, Bin die hpc, Dich vy bin th^ hpc, Phat trien bin \hi hpc,
Chii de chi'nh 14: Cdng nghe io (20 chii de phy):
Cum chu de phy I, TVS 3D, TV io, Luu trir io, Web 3D, Cdng cu io,
Cum chii de phy 2, Thuc tai io The gidi io, Cdng ddng io,,
Chii de chi'nh 15: Quin ly TVS (53 chii de phy):
Cum chii de phy 1 Chinh sich (ndi chung), Chinh sich thdng tin, Chinh sich TVS, Cum chu de phy 2 Ke hoach (ndi chung), Hoach dinh TVS, Hoach dinh chien luoc, Cum chii de phy 3 Tii chinh, Phan tich chi phi, Lpi nhuin, Gia ci, Ngan qyy, Dau tu, Cum chu de phu 4 Ngudn nhan luc, Nhin vien, Thii thu TVS, Chuyen gia thdng tin, Cum chu de phu 5 Quin ly vi td chiic, Hoat ddng TVS, Du in TVS,
Cum chu de phu 6 Danh gii (ndi chung), Dinh gii hoat ddng Do ludng hoat ddng, Cum chu de phy 7 Quin ly chat luong, Md hinh quin ly, Chi sd quin ly, Cum chii de phy 8 Quin ly riii ro, Dinh gii rui ro,
Chu di chinh 16: Ung dyng TVS (64 chu de phy):
Cum chu de phy I Nghien ciiu (ndi chung), Td chiic vi xi hdi, Giao tiep hpc thuit, Cum chu de phy 2 Giio due (ndi chung), Giio due tiixa, Giing day, L6p hpc, Cum chu de phy 3 Hpc tip (ndi chung) He thdng hpc tap He thdng quin 1^ hpc tip,, Cym chu de phy 4, Chinh phu dien tu, Quin tri dien tir, Khim phi dien tu, Cym chu de phu 5 Khpa hpc tu nhien, Trii dat sd, Dia ly sd, Cdng nghiep thdng tin, Cum chii de phy 6 Khoa hpc xa hdi, Nghe thuit Van hda, Nhin vin Bio ting Tin tiic,
Chi di chinh 17: Sd hOu tri tu6, Tinh rieng tu An ninh sd (28 chii de phu):
Cum chii di phu 1 Sd huu hri tue, Bio ve sd hOu tri hie, Bin quyin,
Cum chii di phu 2 An ninh sd He thdng an ninh sd An ninh dulieu, Chinh sich an ninh,
Cum chu de phy 3 Tinh rieng tu, Chi'nh sich rieng tu Bio v6 tinh rieng tu,
Trang 7Chu d^ chinh 18:
Cum chii de phu
Cym chii de phu
Giio due,
Cum chii di phy
Cym chu de phu
Cic khia canh vin hda, xa hdi, luat phip, kinh te (25 chii de phu):
1 Cic khia canh van hda, Di sin vin hda, TVS da vin hda,.,,
2 Cic khia canh xi hdi, Cic td chiic vi xi hdi, Khoa hpc cdng dan,
3 Cic khia canh luat phip, Kilm duyet, Niem tin, Luat bin quyen,
4 Cic khia canh kinh td, Thuong mai dien tu,
Chii de chinh 19: Nghien cuu - Phit triln TVS (48 chu di phu):
Ciim chii de phu 1 Tinh lien nginh, Cdng tie lien nginh, Nghien cim lien nginh,
Cym chii di phu 2 Nghien ciiu - Phit trien, Nghien cuu TVS, Khii ni6m TVS,
Cum chu de phu 3 Cdng tic qudc td, TVS qudc td, Cdng tic toin ciu,
Chii de chinh 20:
Cum chii dd phy
bien,
Kien thiic thdng Un (20 chii de phu):
1 Kien thiic thdng tin (ndi chung), Dio tao ngudi diing, Tu duy phin Chii de chinh 21: Dio tao TVS (5 chii de phy):
Cym chii de phy 1 Dio tao TVS, Khung dio tao, Chuong trinh dio tao,
3.4 Nhan xet ve ket qud nghien ciiu
- Diy l i BDTT dau tien tren the gidi
bao quit toin dien v i cap nhat day du
Hnh vuc TVS giai doan 1990-2010,
gom 21 chu de chinh v i 1015 chu de phy
duoc phan loai, sap xep v i cau triic
logic;
Thd hien tinh lien nginh trong
nghien ciiu TVS: khoa hpc may tinh,
khoa hoc thdng tin, khoa hpc thu vien,
quin tri thdng tin-tti thuc, Diy cQng li
kidn thiic ndn ting cho cac chuyen gia
thdng tin, quan tri thdng tiin-tri thuc;
- Ban dd nay cho thay, nghien ciiu
TVS nam d giao diem ciia cic linh vuc:
Cdng nghe (Kien true - Ha tang TVS,
Web 2.0, Web 3.0, Cdng nghe di dong,
Cong nghe ao, Ung dung TVS); Thdng
tin (Suu tip sd, Bao quan sd, Td chiic
thdng tin sd, Quan tri tri thiic, Sd huu tri
tu6, Tinh rieng tu An ninh sd); Con
ngirdi (Ngudi sir dung, Kien thiic thdng tin, Dio tao TVS) v i cic Hnh vuc tdng hop khac (Quan ly TVS, Van hda, Luit phip, Kinh te, )
3.5 Gia tri ling dung cua nghien ciiu
- L i khung kien thiic TVS chuin qudc
te duoc cdng ddng TVS the gidi cdng nhin, l i co sd khoa hpc de thiet ke - phit tridn cic chuong trinh NC-DT TVS d tung qudc gia, l i khung miu dd danh gia toin dien ve NC-DT TVS;
- BDTT CO vai trd nen ting de chuyen sang dang sd thdng qua cac phin mem nhu Protdge, FlexViz, DOME, Altova, ITM, nham tao ban do sd ve TVS, hd trp tra ciiu trong llnh vuc TVS, phat tridn ngdn ngu bin the hpc cho Web ngu nghia,
- Trong tuong lai, cic chii dd moi se xuat hien theo qui trinh phit trien TVS,
Trang 8ban do niy l i nen tang de cdng dong
TVS thd gidi tiep tuc cap nhit, he thdng
hda, dieu chinh
4 t)ng dung BDTT vd TVS dd thidt
kd - p h i t t r i l n khung chuong trinh
NC-DT TVS Viet Nam dat chuSn
qudc td
Trong cic nghien cuu [16],[18], md
hinh "Trung tam Nghien ciru - Dio tao
TVS Viet Nam" tren co sd lien kdt cic
khoa TT-TV, khoa CNTT,.,, di dug<: de
xuat vi phin tich ky ludng Bii viet niy
chi di sin phan U'ch hai yeu td: Ngudn
nhdn lite cho NC-DT va Cdch thtic vd
noi dung ling dung cu the BDTT TVS
cho cong ddng NC-DT TVS ViSt Nam
4.1 B6i canh ung dung
Thu vien truyen thdng duoc chuyen
sang TVS l i hudng phat trien tat yeu cua
cac thu vien Viet Nam Qui trinh chuyen
doi niy duoc khai quit nhu sau:
- Giai doan 1990-2000: xiy dung ha
tang phan ciing, bao gdm tu ddng hda
hoat ddng bien myc, tao lap, quin tri
CSDL thir muc v i cung dp dich vu
tim tin, xay dung he thdng mang
LAN-WAN v i kdt ndi mang Internet
vio nim 1997;
- Giai doan 2000-2010: xay dirng ha
ting phan mdm, bit dau phit tridn ndi
dung sd bao gdm tu dong hda toin bd
chu tiinh hoat ddng tiiu vien, chuyen ddi
CSDL thu muc sang mdi trudng phan
mem mdi, sd hda v i phuc vu CSDL thu
muc v i toin van qua mang Internet;
- Giai doan 2010-2020: phat tiien v i
phuc vu noi dung sd [16],
Khdng chi cic thu vien chuyen sang mdi trudng sd m i cic vin phdng-cong
sd thuOc mpi linh vuc x i hoi cflng di vi dang chuydn sang md hinh vin phdng
sd, trudng dai hpc didn tii, chinh phi
dien tii, xi hOi di^n tit, cdng din diSn
tii',, Didu niy cho thSy, Viet Nam dang rSt c4n nhOng chuydn gia thdng tin hoat dOng trong mdi trudng sd (thfl thu sd, ngudi quin tri thdng tin sd, ngudi quin tri tri thiic, ) dd lim viec hieu qua trong mdi trudng sd
Phat trien TVS, dudi gdc dd chii truong - chinh sich, da duoc cy the hoa bing cic vin bin ciia Ding vi Chinh phii nhu Phip lenh Thu vien ngay 28/12/2000 [19], Nghi dinh 72/2002/ND-CP ngiy 6/8/2002 [14], Quyet dinh 33/2002/QD-TTg [21], Thong tu lien tich 04/2002/ TTLT/ BVHTT-BTC [23], Quyet dinh 10/2007/QD-BVHTT [22] Thing 2/2012, mot su kien die biet quan tipng trong Hnh vuc CNTT l i viec tiiinh lip
Uy ban Qudc gia ve CNTT do Thu tuong Chinh phii lim Chu tich [24], the hi6n quyet tam chinh tri ciia Vi6t Nam trong viec phit trien v i hien dai hda dat nude b ^ g ling dung CNTT, khang dinh CNTT-TT l i ha ting mem tirong ndn ting kinh te x i hdi, l i ha ting cua mpi ha ting [24], Tuy nhi6n, cho ddn nay, chiing ta vin chua cd mdt chuong ttinh NC-DT TVS hoin chinh, he thdng, khoa hpc, cip nhit v i tich hop duoc voi xu hudng phat trien ciia linh vuc TVS the gidi Do viy, BDTT TVS niy chinh la chia khoa d l md ra mot trong cic "niit
Trang 9that" da ngan can buoc phat trien ciia
nganh TT-TV Viet Nam, dap ling nhu
ciu cap thiet ciia thuc te phit tirien tri
thuc, phit trien giao due nude nhi
4.2 Ngudn nhan luc de phat trien
Chuong trinh NC-DT TVS
Theo BDTT TVS, cic nhom chuyen
gia ve khoa hpc miy tinh - CNTT, khoa
hoc thdng tin, khoa hpc thu vi6n, quan
tri thong tin-tri thiic ddng vai trd chii dao
ti-ong NC-DT TVS Trong dieu kien Viet
Nam, dd chinh la cac chuyen gia NC-DT
thudc linh vuc TT-TV v i CNTT Tuy
nhien, cic chuyen gia niy cin phai duoc
phan cap theo cic Idp sau:
A Nhom chuyen gia dinh hudng, thiet
ke, to chiic, dieu hdnh NC-DT (Nhom A):
diy l i nhdm tinh hoa, am hidu ban chit,
bao quit toin dien 21 chii de chinfa
trong BDTT Ho phai biet mdi quan he
cua 21 chfl de niy vdi cic chii de phu,
thiy duoc mdi quan he ngu nghia cua
chiing Ho phai biet qua khii, hien tai v i
tuong lai phit trien ciia cac chu de, Hen
tuc nghien ciiu, cap nhat va rich hop cic
chu de phit sinh vio h6 tri thiic TVS cua
ban dd Vdi nhiing kien thuc ndn ting
dd, ho ddng vai trd dinh hudng, thiet ke,
td chiic, didu hinh chutmg trinh NC-DT
TVS Ndi mot cich khac, nhdm A se
phai quan ly nhdm B (xem phin sau)
gdm 21 nhdm chuydn gia ve tilng chu de
chinh trong ban dd
Viet Nam, tirong Hnh vuc TT-TV,
hien cd 23 nhi NC-DT (dp tiidi Oimg
binh l i 54, la phd giao su va tien sy), rit
phu hop vdi vai trd nay [11, Tr 11],
[25], [26] Ngoai ra, cin bd sung ngudn nhin luc trfe, chat luong cao ve TVS thdng qua viec dio tao d nude ngoii (vi du: du kien cudi nam 2012, it nhat ba tien sy cd nghien ciru true tiep vd TVS tu 6xti:alia vi Niu Di Lin thudc Trudng Dai hoc KHXH&NV - Dai hpc Qudc gia H i Ndi se ve nude sau khi tdt nghiep) Cic nghien cini sinh tiong nude bic thac sy, Uen sy ve Hnh vuc TVS cung rit cin duoc huy ddng vio nhdm niy Trong Hnh vuc CNTT, rat nhidu tien sy, thac sy hien dang cdng tic d cic khoa CNTT cua cic trudng dai hpc Cin xic dinh chuyen mdn, Hnh vuc nghien cthi ciia hp vd TVS dua tren khung chu
de ciia BDTT TVS va mdi hp tham gia cdng tac vio nhdm niy
Tidu chuin chpn ngudi vio nhdm niy
cy the nhu sau (theo thu tu mi Udn tu tren xudng):
- Cd hpc vi tien sy hpic thac sy nginh TT-TV hoac CNTT, cd NC-DT ve TVS hay linh vuc lien quan (so sinh vdi
BDTT) v i am bieu ban chat, bao q u i t toan dien 21 chu de chinh trong ban
dd;
- Su dung thinh thao mot ngoai ngu (die biet l i Ueng Anh);
Cd cac cdng trinh nghidn cuu ve
TVS daac cdng bd trong cic tap chi
chuyen nginh v i duoc cdng ddng TVS Viet Nam chap nhan Dae biet coi trpng cic cdng trinh ve TVS duoc cdng bd trong cac hdi nghi, hoi thao, tap chi chuyen nginh TVS qudc te; cac cdng trinh nghien ciiu cu thd ve phat trien
Trang 10TVS Viet Nam tai cic co sd do chuyen
gia cd uy tin ve TVS dim nhi^m;
- Cac chuyen gia diu nginh vd TVS
qudc te
B Nhdm chuy&n gia time thi NC-DT
(Nhdm B): l i cic chuyen gia cd chuyen
mdn siu ve mOt chii de (chinh hojc phu
cua BDTT), se true tiep NC-DT theo
Hnh vuc niy nhu: nghien ciiu theo chi
de, bien soan giio trinh giing day, vidt
sich vd dio tao TVS, tham muu vi phin
hdi qui trinh NC-DT vdi nhdm A de lien
tuc didu chinh chuong trinh NC-DT
Tieu chu&i chpn ngudi vio nhdm niy
cu the nhu sau (theo thu tu im tien):
- Cd hpc vi Uen sy hoic thac sy nginh
TT-TV hoac CNTT, cd NC-DT ve TVS
hay Hnh vuc lien quan (so sinh vdi
BDTT) va cd chuySn mdn sSu vd mdt
chu dd (chinh hoac phu cua BDTT), cd
khi nang md rdng nghidn cihi sang chii
dd khac v i phan hdi cho nhdm A ve
thuin lpi v i khd khin trong qua trinh
NC-DT;
- Su dung thinh thao mdt ngoai ngu
(die biet l i Ueng Anh);
- Cd cdng trinh nghien ciiu v4 TVS
duoc cdng bd trong cac tap chi chuyen
nginh, daqc cdng ddng TVS Viet Nam
chip nhin Die Met coi trpng cic cdng
trinh vd TVS dupe cdng bd trong cic hdi
nghi, hdi thao, tap chi chuy6n nginh
TVS qudc td; cac cong trinh nghien ciiu
cu the ve phat trien TVS Viet Nam tai
cac CO sd do cac chuyen gia cd uy tin vd
TVS dam nhiem;
- Chuyen gia TVS dang lim trong cac
du i n TVS, phit tridn phin ciing vi mem TVS.,, cd chuyen mdn siu vd mot chu
dd cu the vd TVS
C Nhdm chuySn gia gidm sdt-ddnh gid NC-DT TVS (nhdm C): Nhdm niy
glim sit vi danh gii kdt qui hoat ddng cua nhdm A v i B Chuygn gia cua nhom thuOc cic CO quan chtrc ning nhu Bp Giio dye v i Dio tao, Bd Khoa hpc vi Cdng ngh^, Vu Thu vi$n, Viec dinh gii dua tren cic Ueu chi sau:
- Chit lupng hpc thuit cic chuyen gia TVS nhdm A vi B: dua tren sd luong vi chit luong ciia cic cdng trinh TVS dupe cdng bd, sich chuyen nginh TVS duoc xuit bin, trinh do ngoai ngu, muc dd ket ndi hpc thuit vdi cdng ddng TVS Viet Nam v i thd gidi;
- Chat luong cua chuong trinh NC-DT TVS: muc dd bao quit 21 chu de chinh
v i 1015 chii de phu; su lien tuc cap nhit nhOng chfl de, kidn thiic v i ky nang mdi;
- Chit luong cua sin pham diu ra tii chuong tiinh NC-DT TVS: cac cong tiinh khoa hpc ve TVS duiyc cdng bd, sd luong v i chit luong cit nhan, thac sy, nghien ciiu sinh, Uen sy, miic dp dip ling
ve kien thiic v i ky ning, phin hdi tir cac
n h i tuydn dung,
4.3 Cdch thiic vd ndi dung ling dung
Ung dung BDTT TVS (1990-2010) vio thuc Uen NC-DT TVS Viet Nam nen duoc tiien khai theo Id tiinh ba giai doan (xem hinh 1)
Giai doan 1: BDTT duoc nhdm tic gia dich sang tidng ViSt, kem flieo chi