GOP PHAN DO! MO! CO BAN, TOAN DI6N GIRO IDUC DflO TFiO H!€N NfiV DUOI ANH SHNG WIUONG H 6 CHJ MINH Lg KHANH BANG Trudng DHSP Ha Noil Can ctf vao tatudng gi^o due cOa H6 Chi Minh, dac biet ta tadng Vec[.]
Trang 1GOP PHAN DO! MO! CO BAN, TOAN DI6N GIRO IDUC DflO TFiO H!€N NfiV
DUOI ANH SHNG W I U O N G H 6 CHJ MINH
Lg K H A N H BANG
Trudng DHSP Ha Noil
Can ctf vao tatudng gi^o due cOa H6 Chi Minh, dac biet ta tadng: Vecdch hoc, IdytU
hoc lam cot, nhd thdo luan vd chi dgo giup vao, hoc di dot vdi hdnh, can cijf vao triet
ly giao ciuc cCia ttidi dai do UNESCO neu len va thac tien giao due Vi^t Nam hien nay, chiing toi xin de x u i t mot sd phiiong ha6ng then ch6t nham gbp phan doi m6i cO
ban, tc^n dien giao due - dao tao C^c di xuat nay de cap den nhCrng van de ve vi tri,
ban chat, muc dfeh, noi dung, phuong phdp giao due, liic iaong va phaong tien giao due, phaong hudng va phaong phap nang cao chat lucrng va hieu qud day hoc, cac lac laong va phuong tien day hoc
1 Ve vj trf va bSn chSt cua giao due
Ngay nay, vdi nen kinh te tri thijre, giao due Ichong chi thupc thUOng tang Icien true ma con la mpt ket cau ha tang quan trpng bac nhat Vi vay, phai thUe sa xem phat trien giao
due dao tao la quoc sach hang dau, phdi tao cho ky daoc mot Dien Biin mot Chien dich
Ho ChiP/linh trong giao due NghTa ia doi mdi giao due sau rgng dat hieu qua cao, dap
ling dung va kip thdi cac nhu cau phdt trien cua xa hoi hien dai, theo diing cac quy iuat van dpng npi tai cua sU nghiep gido due
Giao due la mot hien taong xa hpi co tinh nhan ban cao, co tfnh dan tpc, tfnh thdi dai, vda thupe thaong tang kien true, vda thupc ket cau ha tang quan trpng (nha da tnnh
bay d tr^n), dong thdi Id mpt qua trinh bi^n caixa hdi thanh cai cd nhdn (bien yeu cau
va phat trien cua xa hoi
Vdi tacdch la mpt qua trinh, giao due phdi bao gom day dCi ea 3 yeu t6 ca bdn sau day:
1 Hadng cac tdc dpng khdch quan ngoai xa hpi vdo ngadi daoc giao due theo chi^u hadng cua muc dfeh gido due {phdt huy nhdng tdc ddng tich cue, khSe phuc nhdng tac dpng tieu ciic)
2 To ehde tot 5 phaong tien eo ban eua gido due nhSm thae hien muc dich giao due mdi, dac biet phdt t r i l n mpi tiem nang s i n ed cCia ngadi hoc Do la: ehe dp sinh hoat, vui choi gidi trf, che d6 hoc tdp, ch^ dd lao dpng, sd giao tiep (qua cac doan the hoc sinh)
3 Bong vien ngadi dapc gido due t a giac, t a nguydn, t a ren luyen bSn than theo 5 phadng tien tren de eo dddc nhdng p h i m chat va nang lac theo yeu cau eua thdi dai, dac biet co ddoc;? chf va nang liic t i i hpe su6t ddi ve ca ba mat: sde khde, dao
Trang 22.V€ muc tfich gifio due
2.1 Vemdtvimd
Phdi gdp p h i n nSng cao ddn tri, ddo tao nhdn Idc,
boi dadng nhdn tdi, phdi gdp p h i n xiy diing mdt xa
p h i i cd y chi vd nang luc t d hoc sudt ddi cd v l sde
khde, dao ddc vd tri tu^, mdt khde, xd hdi phdi tao
mpi dieu kien t h u i n loi eho e l nhan dapc hpe t i p
sudt ddi
2.2 Vemgtvimo
Phii gdp p h i n dao tao nhdng edng dan tdt cua dat
nudc va nhdng thanh vien tdt eua cdng ddng n h i n
loai, ed tinh t h i n ddn chu, cd tinh nhan van toan di^n,
cd tinh ddc l i p tU chu, tu trpng v l sdng tao cao, ed
mdt xa hdi ludn ludn bien ddi
3 Ve ndi dung gido due
Phii trang bj cho ngudi hpe nhdng tri thdc thiet
thac, then chot, t d dd day cho ho each hoc, eleh
ta duy, each sang tao, edch dng xd, each sdng, cdeh
lao dpng, each lam vi^c Trong thdi dai biing nd
thdng tin hien nay, then chdt la day each tim va xd
hoc tap tren Idp de danh cho tU hoc va vui chOi,
Nha vay chuong trinh va sach gido khoa phdi duoc
bien soan lai theo triet ly ndi tren, hoc sinh dUpc
hpe nhe nhang va nam dupe nhdng tri thdc then
chdt, cd phuong phdp de t a hoc sudt ddi Chuong
trinh can cd phan cdng va phan mem Phan mem
chiem mdt ty le thich dang Bdo ddm ty I& cdn ddi,
hpp ly gida hpe, lam, vui chdi, giai tri Bao tao eho
ngudi hoc mdt nghe ddng de hp cd the thay ddi
nghe khi can thiet
4 Ve cac phadng hUdng va phu<mg phap nang cao
chat iddng va hieu quS gido due
4 T Phdt trien tiem ndng sdn co cua ngUiti hgc
PhUdng hudng ehung nhat la phat trien tiem nang
s i n cd eua ngudi hoc, ket hop hoc va hanh, ly luan
va thac te xa hpi Chu y p h i t huy toan bp tam t r i
eua ngUdi hpe, sd dung edn ddi, hpp ly bdn cau
nao phdi (thien ve tudng tUpng, s i n g tao } va ban
cau nao trai {thien ve t u duy logic) Khai t h i c e l
ba hoat ddng: y thdc, tiem thdc va vd thdc Quan
triet bien chdng q u i trinh hinh thdnh nhan each
con ngudi Viet Nam trong thdi dai ngdy nay, van
dung tinh than d i n chu vd quan diem quan ehung,
t u tudng Hd Chi Minh Ve cdch hgc, Idy tuhgc Idm
c6t, do thdo ludn vd chl dgo giOp vdo, phii t i p trung
t u tadng eao dd, p h i l Thiin Vd ed t h l hpe theo md
hinh: 4 vui, 5 vdo, 6 chgp, 4 gdn, 5 ra\ V l cleh day
phdi e h u y i n t d gido dgc uy quyin sang g i i o due
hgp ddng, e h u y i n d i n t d day hpe I l y gido vign
l l m trung t i m sang I l y hpe sinh Idm trung tam,
p h i t t r i l n eie phUdng phdp day hoc tr&n t h l gidi hidn nay
4.2 Cdn hiiu rd thi ndo Id dgy vd hge cd chdt luang
vd hiiu qud
Chit lupng cua day - hoc Id thdc hign d i y du eae nhiem
vu day - hoc d dai hoc Id day - hpe nghi, day hoc phaong phip, day hpe ly tadng vd t h i i dd nghe nghigp Hieu q u i day hpe p h i i d i p dng e l 2 chi tieu: Sin
p h i m , k i t q u i hoc t i p d i p dng dung v l kip thdi eie y^u e l u eua nen kinh te xa hdi, dae biet ciia thi tradng
Sd dung tdi Uu cdc ngudn lUc trong qud trinh day hoc
n h u c d s d v i t chat, thdi gian, sde luc, tai chinh
4.3 Can ndm vimg bdn cttdt cua dgy vd hgc trong thifi dgi ngdy nay
a Bdn chat cua day: La giOp ngUdi hoc hoc tdt,td
ehde eae tinh hudng hpe tap, eae tinh huong CLing cd, khen thudng v l t u khen thudng, nhim thac hien nhiem vu day - hpe, cd duoc tri thiic
- ky ndng - thdi dp d l cd dUpc nhan elch ciia con ngudi mdi (chd khdng p h i i chl I I truyen dat thdng tin.,.)
b Bdn c h i t cua hoc: La ta huy ddng todn bd tam tri
de dat dupe eie nhiem vu hpe tap, bien doi bin Nam hien dai, dam da bdn sic dan tdc Khi hoc phdi huy ddng c l 2 co c h l v l t ly va nang lupng,
cd hai vd b i n eau nao trdi va phdi, kich hoat el 3 hoat ddng y thdc, t i i m thdc v l vd thdc Nhd vay hoc khdng p h i i ehi la nghe, la t i l p nhin ma quan trpng hon Id phdi h i n h , t d hoat ddng tri tue den hanh ddng v l t chat
4.4 Cdn nim vitng cdc phuang hudng ndng cao chdt
lugng vd hi^u qud gidng dgy vd hgc tap tren thigi&
vd d'nu'd'c ra 4.4.LTrin the gidi
a Gida the ky XX cd 31, do la:
Intensification of teaching: Ning eao hieu suit, tieh CUc hda qua trinh day hoc Hpe mdt b i i t mddi
' Cac Xh\ lieu hudfng dan hoc tap va cac dia hgc ngoai ngO bSng Thien cua Le KliSnh BSng vS cOa cflng tSc viSn
Trang 3Individualisation: Cd t h l hda viec day hpe Mdi
ngUdi mdi v^ Quan t i m d i n viec hoc cua tdng
ngudi chd khdng chi quan t i m ddng loat den
ca Idp
Industrilisation: Cdng nghiep hda giio due, thuc
hien cdng nghe ddo tao, day - hpe mdt edch bdi bdn
b Cuoi t h l ky XX, Chuyen t d day - hoc lay g i i o vien
la trung tam, sang hgc sinh II trung tam, rdi nhdm
la trung tdm
e Bau the ky XXI: Trong qud trinh day va hpe, huy
ddng e l 2 eo che vat ly va nang lUpng, ed 2 b i n c i u
nao trai va p h l i , c l 3 hoat ddng y thdc, t i i m thdc
va vd thdc
4.4.2 Cac phuong hudng nang cao chat lupng vd hieu
qua day hoc d nUdc ta hien nay
a Phat huy cao dp ndi lUe eCia ngudi hgc
b Tang cUdng ren luyen nang iUc nghe nghiep cho
sinh vien theo quan d i l m n g h i ddng
c Tang eudng cdng t i e nghien cdu khoa hgc cua
g i l n g vien vd tap dupt nghien cdu khoa hpe cOa
sinh vien
u Gan chat hdn nda viec day va hpe d dai hpe vdi
cudc sdng
d Tang cUdng sd dung edng nghe dao tao vao qua
trinh day hpe
e Ddi mdi mdt each co b i n , toan dien cdng tae kiem
tra, ddnh gid
4.5 Cdn qudn triet quan diem dgy vd hgc la hgnh
phuc thi hien d "4 vui" sau day:
4.5./.Vui khi xdc dmh duoc ddng CO hpe dung va manh:
hpe de am t h i n , de cho dat nUdc va nhan loai, biet
t u mim eudi, t u khen khi cd sU t i l n bd
4.5.2 Vui khi n i m dUpc cai then chdt eCia van de, t d dd
biet cich hpe, elch tuduy, cleh hanh ddng, elch
dng xd
4.5.3 Vui khi g i n dupe van de minh hpe vao vd nao va
vao thuc te
4.5.4 Vui khi djnh vj dupc van de mlnh dang hgc vao
khdng gian va thdi gian
4.6 Can ndm vdhg hai phuang hudng khi dgy mgt
bgmdn
4.6.1 PhUdng hUdng chung cho tat ca cac mdn hpe:
B.T.B - VT 2.5.2.7.5 va Thi^n
B: Ban than p h l i phdt huy cao dp ndi lUe eua minh,
CU the phdi sd dung hpp ly c l 2 ca che vat ly va
nang lupng, cd 2 b i n cau nao t r i i va phdi, cd 3
hoat ddrig y thdc, t i i m thdc vd vd thde
T: Thay ddng vai trd then ehdt, chia khda, vach ra
nhieu con dddng cho hoc sinh lUa chpn, r i t quan
B: Ban cung Idp, ban hpe Hgc thay khdng tay hpe ban V: Viet Nam: Khai thdc mpi tinh hoa eua dat nddc T: The gidi: Khai thac mpi tinh hoa cua t h l gidi 2: Cd ddng CO dung v l manh
5: Bdm bdo 5 chi tieu eua chit lapng trong q u i trinh day hpe: tri thdc, ky nang, thai dp, sde khde, hanh phiic (The gidi tdng ket Id 5H: head, hand, heart, health, happiness),
2: Bdm bdo 2 chi tieu: Bdp dng diing vd kip thdi cac yeu cau cua nen kmh te - xa hdi va sd dung tdi uu cae ngudn Ilie
7 Thilt ke viec day va hoc theo 7 edng doan eua eong nghg ddo tao,
5: 5 bi quylt thanh cdng trong hgc tap: bifdc, ditng,
nhant), nt)ieu, ket, nghTa la di t d Algdrit den Oristic
(A->-0)
Thien: La tap trung tutudng cao do khi hgc va day
46.2 Phuong hudng rieng eho tdng bd mon
Mdi bd mdn can can cd vao ti'nh chat, dac diem v l can cd vao cac phuong hUdng chung trinh bay d tren
de t u xay dung cho mlnh mdt phuong hudng rieng Sau day tdi xin gidi thieu phuong hudng day ngoai
ngdbang Thien ket hop vdi eae phaong phap day hgc
hien dai: 3T - 5B - 5C - 2H - 3V
3T La 77j/en, tan sd va tdc do
SB: 5 budc chuyen vao trong va chuyen ra ngoai Cu
the: nhin sU vat, ndi to, ndi visa, ndi map m i y mdi,
ndi trong dc
5C: 5 diem ve chat lUpng nghe, ndi, dpc, viet, suy nghT
bang ngoai ngd
2H 2 chi tieu ve hieu qud: ddp dng - sU dyng tdi Uu cdc ngudn lUc
3V:Taora mdt vung ngoai ngd trong v d n d o d S mde: Mde 1:Tdi thieu cdbdn
Mde 2: Cd bdn, phd thdng, Mde 3: Chuyen nganh
4.7 Can ndm vdng 2 phUOng phdp ca bdn vd van
dung sdng tgo vdo bp man cua minh
4.7.1 Ket hop: ThU gian Thien tinh va Thien dgng
t h l hien d khau khdi ddng cung nhu mdt sd
k h I u khic
47.2 SOtdung tiOp ly ca 2 con dUdngAlgont (bit chude
theo mdt quy trinh hop ly) va Oristic (sang tao, md
mam) t h l hien d ngudi hpe, trudc h i t p h l i Idm
theo cho dung rdi mdi den sdng tao 0 ngudi day
la sd dung k i t hpp hpp ly ca 3 phuong phap eo ban: Thdng bdo, neu van d l , hUdng dan nghien
edu theo so do sau diy;
Trang 4S d d d d a y v l hoc hieu q u l c a o t r o n g thdi dai ngitynay Vi^e day hgc n g i y nay p h l i gdp p h i n v i o thdc hi^n
(Ddc biit d bdc dai hgc vd trong gidng vdn) cic mye tigu trgn cua vi^c d i o t?o con ngudt
Biin ddng ddn s6
Cdc ky higu:
C^c qud trinh tSm ly cua 5, G, H Id ddng dang
TTI Thuc tiln qui khd
TT2 : ThUc ti^n hien tai,
TT3 : Thuc tien ti/ang lal,
S Ngii6i sing tac
G 'Giio vien
H : Hoc smh
K Ket qud hoc: hieu vd rung dong,
cdm thu duoc vdi N, di td a ^ o
—* tac dong mot chieu
*-* tac dong qua tai
— > : tic dong tiitig bUdc (theo sU goi y cOa gido vien)
s yv^^-^ N
G ' V L A ' " ^ N
H A A A ' ^ N
N Noi dung tac phim, m6t van de khoa hoc
G: Ket hop sddung cd thong bdo, ngu vin de nghien cdu,
chuong trinh h6a
H' Huy dong cd 2 co che vdt ly, ndng laong, ban ciu nao
trii vk phil, ci ba hoat dong y thdc, liem thdc, vo thdc,
xem them so do tU duy hoc hieu qud
" Vigc day va hgc dien ra trong thdi dai ngay nay vdi
3 dae diem:
Cdch mang xa hdi ddi hdi p h l i dao tao con ngudi
dan chu, cd tinh nhan van todn dien
Cupc each mang khoa hpe edng nghe ddi hdi daO
tao eon ngudi thdng minh, sang tao
Su bien ddng dan so tren pham vi todn the gidi ddi
hdi con ngddi biet gid gin bdn sic vdn hda d i n tpe
mlnh, dong thdi biet hdi nhdp vao the gidi toan cau
" Bdn c h i t cua vige day hpe I I t d ehde cie tinh hudng hpe t$p, tinh hudng cung cd d l giup hgc sinh tiihpc
ed hi^u qud n h i m dat dupc cde nhigm vu day hoc Id
n i m dope tri thdc, ky ndng, t h i i dd, t d dd gdp phin
hinh thdnh n h i n cdch cua mlnh Ngudi giio vign mudn day cd c h i t lupng vd higu q u i mdt mdn hoc,
mdt v i n 64 khoa hpe ndo dd, ein theo 7 bade sau day:
Nghign cdu ndi dung mdn hoc hole mdt bdi {gilng vin) mdt v i n d l (mdt djnh ludt )
- Nghign cdu t i c g i i (S), ngadi sing t i e ra (N)
- Nghign cdu thi/e t i l n q u i khd dd thOc d i y (S) sdng tao ra (N)
- HUdng d i n hoc sinh tdng bddc nghidn cdu N, S,Tri Nghign cdu thue t i l n hign tai (TT2) xem v i n de dd hign nay n h u t h i n i o
Nghign edu (TT3) v i l n einh tuong lai ciJa v i n de, Xdc dinh muc dfeh c i n dat cua hoc sinh sau khi hpe ve cac mdt tri thde, ky ndng, thdi dd
• Bdn chat eua vigc hpe Id ngudi hpe huy ddng todn
bd hg thdng tdm tri cCia mlnh bao gdm e l 2 ed che
v l t ly v l nang lupng, c l 2 b i n elu n i o trdi vd phdi, cd
3 hoat ddng y thdc, t i i m thdc v l vd thdc de thac hign
cic nhigm vu day hpe, 6e gdp phan xdy diing nhan
elch cCia mlnh NgUdi hoc sinh mudn hgc cd hieu qud, mdt mdt can tuan theo sii hudng d i n eCia gido vign (G), mdt mat ein huy ddng todn bd t i m tri cCia mlnh
d l tien hdnh cd 7 bude sau day:
Nghien cdu (N)
Nghien cdu (S)
Nghien cdu (TTI)
Nghien cdu lai mdt Ian nda tCmg bade (N) theo sd hudng dan cOa{G)
- Nghidn cdu (TT2) xem v i n de dd hien tai dang nhu t h l ndo
Nghign cdu (TT3) d d d o i n v i n d l dd trong tuong lai se ra sao
Phan dau dat cho ky dupe (K) theo yeu c i u cOa (G)
va ed t h l vuot xa hem ygu cau ciia (G)
4.8 Cdn vdn dung hap ly 2 quy trinh sau d&yi
1 Khdi ddng de tao khi t h l hoc cd t h l nhu sau;
H i t mdt b i i trong Thiin ddng - Thu giin: 1 -» 2 phut - Thien tinh 1 phut rdi ha quyet t i m tap trung
t u tadng cao do de hoc tdt trong bu6i hpe
2 Lam ban: Thay t u gidi thieu n g i n gpn, die bigt nhCffig vigc dang l l m v l d u djnh lam d l hoc smh
cd t h l phdi hpp Trd: Td gidi thieu trong nhdm 2
Trang 5ngudi va cd t h l ed Idp n h i m tao khdng khi t h i n
mat trong Idp hoc
3 L l m chu: Giiip hpe sinh Idm chO dUdc qud trinh
hpe cua minh vd ky hpp ddng
• Neu mue dich cua mdn hgc: Ngu cu t h l cac ygu
64 hpe sinh lUa chpn
Ngu rd k l hoaeh thdi gian, cic ygu c i u v l kilm tra, thi
4 Hop ddng: Hpe sinh tU n h i n eae ydu c i u vd trao
ddi vdi nhdm
5 Giaoviecnhdn viee v d t u nhdn viee
6 Sinh vien thiet ke bdn ke hoach hpe theo 7 cdng
doan eua ban c h i t viec hoc ndi d trgn
Mpc - Hinh: Tiep nhan thdng tin (nghe gilng),
hoc, hdi, t u hdi, hieu, thuc hdnh
Kiem tra, d i n h gid cd ve sd lupng vd c h i t lupng
Tieu ehuan danh g i i p h l i dap dng cd 5 yeu elu cua
bdn c h i t viee hpc.Dd Id: Thich ddng, thiic hign duge,
do dae duoc, danh gid dupe, mem hda cho 3 loai
gidi, khd, trung binh
5 Ve cac lUc lUcTng va phUtfng tien giao due
a, Ket hpp chat che, ddng bd nha trUdng, gia dinh
va xa hdi
b Kit hpp xay diing v l sd dung tdi uu cie phUOng
tien giao due t d thd so den hien dai theo eae xu the
ddi mdi phUdng phap day hoc trinh biy dtren
6 Tiep tuc t h i dua day tdt, hoc t d t theo dung t u
ti/dmg giao due cua Hd Chi Minh
Ngn phat dpng 2 phong trao:
Hoc tap va van dung sdng tao t u t u d n g g i l o due
v l cleh day hpe ciia Hd Chi Minh trong ddi ngu
giao vien
Hoe tap va v i n dung sang tao tutudng g i l o due
vd cich day hoc cua Hd Chf Minh trong hpe sinh,
smh vien va hpe vien
Trong nhieu nam qua chung tdi da nghien edu, day
-hoc v l pho bien ed ket q u i tdt ndi dung nay d cic bd
mdn Gido dye hpe, Ly luan day hpe dai hgc, Ly luan day
hpe hien dai, PhUcJng phap day - hpe giao due dan sd,
Ngoai ngd eho nhieu ddi tUOng khae nhau nhu smh
vien, hpe vien cao hpe, giang vien dcac trudng dai hpe,
cao dang va phd thdng d cac tinh, thanh phd nhu d
Ha Ndi, Hdi Phdng, Nghe An, Ha "TTnh, Hul, TP Hd Chi
Minh va d mdt sd nudc nhu Lao, Campuchia, Angola
Nhd do da v i l t dUdc mdt sd sich, mpt so bdi bdo vd da
HC THONG KV NANG TU HOC
TROIMG MOI TRUONG HOCTAPHieNOni
NGUYEN GIANG NAM ^ ^
~~ Trucrng Oai hoc Cong nghiep Hd Noi |
Do t i c ddng sau rdng ciia khoa hgc va cdng nghe, trong bdi ednh mpt t h l gidi biing nd thdng tin va canh tranh de phdt trien, lUpng tri thdc hang ngay tang len theo cap sd nhan Nhieu hoat ddng, tU phuong thdc t u duy, ra quyet dinh den phuong thUe hoc tap (HT) Trong khi dd, thdi gian vat chat cua eon ngudi I I gidi han Mdi ea n h i n mudn tdn nghi cao dp vdi nhdng bien ddng
Phuong phap gido due mdi va ki thuat da phuong tign dang ngU tri trong mpt trUdng HT hien dai, mpt giang day mdy tinh da phuong tien Dd la mang may tinh ma ngudi day giang qua may chii va ngUdi hoc
da phuong tien lam thay doi rat Idn giao trinh va giao
dn, Gilo trinh khdng chi ven ven la nhdng cudn sach
in ma cdn la loai sach giao khoa dien t d cd chd, hinh anh, tieng ndi
Be thich dng dUOc vdi nen giao due mdi va mdi trUdng
HT hien dai, ngUdi hgc trong giai doan hien nay phli
cd su thay doi ve quan diem HT: Hgc de biit, de chung sdng, de khing dinh, de lam viec; phong each HT: ddc lap, t u ehii, khoa hpe ; yeu td tam li trong HT: t u tin, quyet dodn, tich eUe, tu g i d c ; sU hda nhap trong cac mdi quan he vdi ngUdi khac trong qua trinh HT: ban be, thay cd giao Ndi each khae, ban thdn ngudi hpe can xay
diing va hinh thanh nhOfng ki nang (KN) t i i hgc 64 cd
the HT higu q u i va tham thau nhCmg gid tri tinh hoa eua nhan loai ma nen gido due hien dai, tien tien dem lai
1 IVIdi trudng hoc tap hien dai
1.1 Quan niem
Day hoc truyen thdng thudng lay tiep can hudng vao