NGHIEN ClAJ&l/NG DUNG TIEU CHI DANH GIA TAC DONG G|AO DUC CUA DO CHCfl Vdl HOC SINH TIEU HOC TS Pham VSn Nara Vi^n Khoa hgc Gido due Vi4t Nam De ho^t dgng danh gi^ thir hai Î c^c chi so sinh hgc, tac[.]
Trang 1TIEU CHI DANH GIA TAC DONG G|AO DUC
CUA DO CHCfl Vdl HOC SINH TIEU HOC
TS P h a m VSn Nara
Vi^n Khoa hgc Gido due Vi4t Nam
De ho^t dgng danh gi^ thir hai I^ c^c chi so sinh hgc,
tac dpng gi^o d(ic cua nh6m chi so thu ba 1^ c^c chi
do choi voi HS tieu so xa hgi
hgc, can phai co mgt bg tieu Cac chi so tam li diing de
chi cu the Chung toi de xual do dnh huoing chung den s^
bg tieu chi sau phat trien tam h' cua tre tir goc
I Mu-cdgphit hgrp ciia tdc dg giao dye bao qudt 3 ITnh
dpng vdi nhu cdu phdt trien
ciia HS lira tudi tieu hgc
Tieu chl "Miic dg phia hgp
cua tac dgng vol nhu cau phat
trien cua hgc sinh lua tuoi tieu
hgc" cho phep xac dinh dugc
nhihig do chai nao thich hop
vai HS lua tuoi tieu hgc va
danh gia cac tac dgng chung
cua chung den sir phat trien
cua tre trong 3 moi tmong hoat
dgng c a ban la nha tnrong, gia
dinh va cgng dong xa hgi dia
phuang Trong dieu kien hien
nay, ca 3 moi truang nay deu
chiu tac dgng manh me ciia he
thdng cac nguon lire truyen
thong dai chung dua vao cong
nghe mang va intemet hi?n
dai Do la nhan to rat co y
nghia va can dugc danh gia
dung muc
Tieu chi "Miic do phii hgp
cua tac dgng voi nhu cau phat
tri^n cua HS lua tuoi tieu hgc"
CO thS dugc do qua 3 nhom
chi s6 chung phan anh tac
dgng cua do choi den timg
mat phat trien cua tre: tam li,
sinh hgc va xa hgi Cho nen co
t h l ggi nhom chi so thu nhat la
v(rc ca bfin \k:
a/ Nhan thirc (Cognition);
b/ Tinh cdm (Affection);
c/ Tam vand^g(PsydiOTncitor)
Trong li lu^n giao due tieu hgc hien nay da co nhieu mo hinh kT thuat de do luong va danh gia nhiJng ITnh vuc nay,
vi du mo hinh danh gia nh^n thirc cua B Bloom Tat nhien, viec danh gia phai dua vao nhimg chi so phu hgp va cu the ban, phan anh trinh dg phat trien nhan thuc tieu bieu cho lua tuoi tieu hgc
Cac chi so sinh hgc diing
de do anh huong ciia do chai den sir phat trien sinh hgc cua tre phan anh muc dp cai thi$n trong nhiing ITnh vuc sau:
d Sue khoe (muc dp b?nh
tat va dg ben the chat);
b The hinh (cac so do tfing truang chieu cao, can nfing va
ti le can doi cua co the);
c The lire (sue manh c a bap, the hi$n chu yeu 6 t6c dg,
dg kheo leo, cucmg do cua v$n dpng CO the);
d The nang (mirc dg thich img cua the chat voi moi
t h l hi^n uu diem cua sue kho6, the hinh va the l\rc a nhimg hoat dgng khfic nhau) Tren c a sd 4 chi so chung
ndy chung ta c6 the thiet ki kl
thuat va cac items c\i the hem nua de do luang vd danh gia Cac chi so xfi hpi diing de
do tac dpng ciia do chai den s(r phat trien x3 hgi cua tre bao gom 3 nhom tucmg ung vcri 3 ITnh vuc va cdc chi so cu the nhu sau:
a Nhgn thic xa hgi (Social Cognition)
Tri thuc va kT nang sii dung hieu qua hanh vi xa bgi thong thuang (giao tiep, giao dich, tro chuyen )
- Nh^ndi^nva hieu cac qui tac, tap tuc xa hgi hi$n hanh trong moi tmong xa hpi Hieu vd co kl n5ng tu kiem soat, ty giam sat hanh vi ciia minh
- Nhan thirc co dinh huong
ve tuong lai tiong cong viec, dai song, hoan cdnh Phan biet va hieu ro nhimg anh huong tich cue va tieu c\rc trong moi tmong den chinh minh
- Nhan thuc ngudn goc xa hpi va quoc gia cua minh va gia dinh
b Thdi do vd tinh cam xd hgi (Social Attitude/Emotiort)
• Cdm nhan dugc tdc dpng
cdc chi s6 tam li, nhom chi s5 tmong khac nhau, kha nang cua minh d i n nguai khac va
Ngdy nhgn bai 25/9/2012: Ngay duyfl dSng 25/10/2012
Trang 2ciia nguai khde din minh
- Tin tuong kha nang gay
anh huang cua minh den hodn
cdnh cua nguai khac
Ton trpng nhiJng khac
biet cd nhan co nguon goc giai
va sac tpc
- Thai do xu su than thien
vai cgng dong va nguoi khac
Ton trgng hanh phiic,
phiic lai hgp phap cua nguoi
khde bang thai do co trach
nhiem
- The hien thien cam, quan
tam trong quan he xa hgi va
lac quan truac cugc song
- Ton trgng va qui trgng cdc
gia tn hoa binh, phat trien ben
vung xa hgi trong moi trucmg
song cua minh
c KTndngxd hoi vd kindng
song (Social /Living Skills)
Thuc hien hdnh vi giao
tiep hieu qua trong cac dang
quan he xa hgi khac nhau
Tim dugc giai phdp co
tinh xay dung truoc cdc bat
d6ng va xung dot xay ra
Ra quyet dinh va giai
quyet cac vdn de xa hpi cua
minh va cua nguoi khac khi
h6 trg hp
- Ndm bdt thai ca va tan
dung dugc sir ho tig xa hpi
hay h6 tig ciia nguoi khac
- Khai xuong va duy tri cac
quan he xa hpi ciia minh vd
cua nhom
- Chu ddng va kien tii hgc
tap theo each thirc rieng phii
hgp vcri minh de phat trien ca
nhdn
- Lam viec nhom (lam viec
hgp tdc) va cgng tdc hieu qua
vai ngudi khac trong hgc tap
va dai song
Nhirng chi so ve tdm li, sinh hgc, xa hgi cdn dugc xdc djnh qua mirc do thich hgp vai tiem ndng phat trien cua hgc sinh lira tuoi tieu hgc tren co
so thuc nghiem
2 Mirc dg phii hgp ctia
tdc dgng so vdi yeu cdu ciia CTGD tiiu hgc
Tieu chi nay xac dinh ro
do choi dugc che tao vd sir dung CO phil hgp vai yeu cau cua chuang trinh giao due hay khong Muc tieu cua cac chuang trinh giao due noi chung va chuang trinh giao due tieu hgc noi rieng cang ngay cang huang cho HS tir nhan biet den thong hieu va van dung Nhu vay tiep xiic vai do choi, HS phai nhan biet dugc do chai do la loai gi, bao gom nhimg thanh phan nao, sir dung do choi ay ra sao, co nhung sdng tao nao se nay sinh trong qud trinh su dung
Mijrc dp dap ung yeu cau nay phan dnh tac dpng ciia do chai day hpe den ket qua hoc tap cua HS va chat lugng giao due
do chucmg trinh qui dinh Sd
dl phdi CO tieu chi nay Id vi do chai CO the co tdc dgng thuan vdi chuong trinh hoac tac dgng ngugc vdi chuong trinh
Vi du do chai tangram gom 7 khoi hinh ca bdn: hinh vuong, hinh binh hanh, hinh tam gidc, HS co the tir do ma sang tao ra cac hinh thii khac nhau: ngudi, quan do, meo, chim, vit, nen, ga, binh tudi, ghe Va thong qua hoat dgng ghep hinh nay ma HS dugc
cung cap nhii'ng kien thirc nhdt dinh ve the gidi chung quanh phii hgp vdi mon hgc
Tu nhien - Xa hgi d ldp 1,2,3
va mon Khoa hpe d ldp 4,5, Tuy nhien vdi nhimg do choi nhu xe tang, vu khi, cd the cd tac dung ngugc lai vdi muc dich giao due long nhan
ai, tu tudng vi tha., trong cdc bai hpe dao due neu HS khong dugc hudng dan cu the va giam sat chdt che
Miic dp phil hap cua tac dgng dugc xem xet theo 3 nhom chi so sau:
a/ Ho trg hoc tap va ren luyen theo cdc ITnh vuc hgc tap cu the (cdc mon hgc); b/ H6 trg hgc tap vd ren luyen theo cac dang hoat dgng cua HS ngoai he thong mon hoc;
c/ Ho trg hgc tap va ren luyen theo ehuan hoc tap cua timg Idp trong cap hgc Nhiing chi so tren cho phep ehgn Igc do choi vd ddnh gia tac dgng giao due ciia chiing theo nhimg chi so thuoc tieu chi dau tien dua tren nhimg yeu cau dac thii cua chuang trinh giao due tieu hgc Nhu vay cd the xem nhdm chi so dau la cac chi so theo mon hpe, phdn dnh yeu cau gido due cu the cua timg mon Nhdm chi so thir hai la cdc chi
so theo hoat dgng giao due ngodi mon hgc (dac biet la cdc hoat dgng ciia Dgi TNTP, cua cau lac bg, cua cdc nhdm xa hgi trong nha tnrdng) Nhdm chi so thu ba la cac chi sd theo Idp hgc
Trang 33 Mic dg phit hgp ciia
tdc dgng so vdi tinh chat ciia
cdc hogt dgng cff bdn ciia lia
tudi HS tieu hgc
Tdc dpng ciia do chai dugc
ddnh gid lien ctt sd nd dnh
hudng den m§t phdt trien nao
ciia HS (nhan thiic, van dpng
the chat, the l\rc, tinh cdm, gia
trj.,,) va anh hudng d d c d phu
hgp vdi dang ho^t dgng ma HS
th\rc hien khdng Neu dd choi
van dgng ma dugc sir dyng
trong tro choi nh^n thiic mdn
hgc nhu Todn, tieng Vi?t, khoa
h o c thi miic dg phii hgp la
thap, mac dii nd cd the vdn cd
tac ddng den sy phdt trien van
dgng CO the Neu lay Rubic,
dd chai phdt trien tri tue, ren
luyen sy kheo tay de sir dung
trong trd choi giao due tinh
cam cdng dan thi cung dugc
xem Id it phii hgp
Khi xem xet tac ddng ciia
do chai theo tieu chi "Mirc do
phil hgp ciia tdc dgng so vdi
tinh chat ciia cac hoat dgng co
bdn cua lira tudi HS tieu hgc",
dieu quan trgng la phdi xet den
mdi trudng choi liic do la hoat
ddng ndo: nhan thiic hay giao
tilp, sinh hoat hay hgc tap,
cung nhu nhimg hoat ddng
khdng CO bdn khde tuy theo
cac cd nhan HS (vi dy hoat
ddng nghe thudt, hoat dgng xa
hgi, hoat ddng the thao v v )
N I U xet tir quan diem xa
hgi, dd chai cd the tac dgng
d i n nhiJng tie khdng tiarc tilp
sOr dung dd chai Tuy vay dd la
vkn d l Ciia nhdm xa hdi trong
cgng ddng HS vd truyin thdng
dai chiing Nhiem vu danh gid
nhitng tac dpng nhu vgy cd IiC'ii quan chii ylu den qudn
li giao dye, chinh sdch truyen thdng vd du luan xa hgi
Tir viQc xdy dyng cdc tieu chi ddnh gid tdc dgng, chiing
la cd the di tdi nhiing ket lu^n so bg Idm nen tdng dinh hudng cho ho^t dgng ddnh gid tac dgng:
- Muc dg phil hgp ciia tdc dgng do do chai anh hudng den tre duong nhicn cho biel
dd la tac dgng tich cyc hay lieu cyc Sy khdng phii hgp r6 rdng dan den nhiJng tdc dgng tieu cue, va mirc do phii hgp cdng cao thi dd choi cang cd tiem nang ddn den tac dgng tich cue
- Tac dgng ciia dd chai ludn phdi thdng qua trd choi, quan
he hay hoat ddng md chinh
HS tham gia Chinh cdc mdi tnrdng nhu the mdi la dieu kien chinh xac de ddnh gid tdc ddng ciia dd choi
- Tac dgng ciia do choi het siic da dang va cd nhieu nhan
td chi phdi Vi the nd can dugc danh gid theo nhihig tieu chi tdi thieu bao qudt dugc ddc diem phdt trien lira tudi, khac biet cd nhan cua HS tieu hgc trong phdt trien vd yeu cau cy the ciia chuang trinh gido dye tieu hgc
Tai li^u t h a m k h a o
1 Bd tai lieu hgc tap ciia Khda dao t^o giang vien ve phuang phap giang day The Vietnam - Australia Training Proroject (The VAT Proroject),
1999
2 Hodng Diic Nhugn, U Diic Phiic, Ca sd li lugn ciia vi$c danh gid chat lugng hgc tap ciia hgc sinh phd thdng; Chucmg trinh khoa hgc cdp Nhd nudc KX-07-08, HN
1996
3 Tir dien gidi thi'ch vd doi chieu mpt sd thuat ngu" trong ITnh vyc phuang phdp giang day; Training of Trainers
in Training Methodology Glossary, The VAT Proroject; Hanoi - September 1999
4 Le Dire Phtic, Chat lugng
va hi?u qua gido dye Tap chi Nghien ciru giao due 2/1997
S u m m a r y The writer develops three evaluation criteria
on educational impacts of children toys on primary students, namely: (1) Appropriate level of impact on development needs of primaiy students; (2) Appropriate level
of impact on requirements of primary curriculum; and (3) Appropriate level of impact
on nature of fimdamental activities of primary students Therefore, following results are released: Impacts of chilch-en toys are multiple and are contiolled by various factors, hence, these impacts need to be evaluated applying basic criteria covering characteristic development by ages, individual differences of primary students in the context
of specific requirements of primary curriculum