Ill NGHIEN CUU&Ut\IG DUNG ^ o CAC KY NANG CAN THIET DE UNG DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN TRONG DAY HOC UCH SUT TS Nguyin Manh Hufrng Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Noi Trong chuang trinh LS d trucmg pho thong, G[.]
Trang 1Ill NGHIEN CUU&Ut\IG DUNG
^ o
CAC KY NANG CAN THIET DE UNG DUNG CONG NGHE
THONG TIN TRONG DAY HOC UCH SUT
TS Nguyin Manh Hufrng
Tru&ng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hd Noi
d trucmg pho thong,
GV chi nen khai thdc
uu diim cua CNTT khi dgy
nhOng hdi hpc md npi dung
kiin thicc LS cdn thiit phdi
sic dung do ditng true quan,
nhimg phucmg tiin truyin
thong khdng thi hiin dugc,
hoac it cd khd nang the hiin
Cu thi la:
- Vai dang bai hge co ngi
kien thiic phan anh ve dieu
kien tu nhien, xa hoi gan lien
vai qua trinh hinh thanh, phat
trien cua dan toe va cac nen
van minh lan tren the giai,
SV se van dung CNTT thilt
ke luge do giao khoa dien
tir, lap bang so sanh, so do tu
duy, tranh anh, phim tai lieu,
nham tang tinh hinh anh, sinh
dgng cho bai giang
Khi gap dang bai hge co
ngi dung kien thiic phan anh
eac thanh tuu van boa vat
chat, giao due, khoa hge ki
thuat cua nhan loai qua cac
thdi ki LS, SV dugc hudng
dan van dung CNTT de thiet
ke cac dang slide kenh hinh
lien quan den cong trinh kien
tnic, tac pham nghe thuat, chu
viet, phim tai lieu,
- Vdi bai hge ma ngi dung
kien thirc de cap den moi quan
he quoc te, cac cuoc chien
tranh, khdi nghia, each mang,
chiing toi ren luyen cho SV
van dung CNTT thiet ke cac
slide luge do giao khoa dien tir, so do hda kien thiic - Grap, nien bieu, de nang eao hieu qua hudng dan HS khai thac boi eanh va ngi dung cac biic anh LS, phim tai lieu, trong qua trinh DH
- SV ciing dugc ren luyen
PP lap so do tu duy, su dung tranh anh chan dung nhan vat, hudng dan HS khai thac phim tai lieu, so do hda kiln thiic va bang so sanh, khi gap dang bai hge ma ngi dung kien thiic phan anh ve tinh hinh kinh te, chinh tri, ddi song xa hoi cua cac giai cap va tap doan ngudi trong xa hoi, ciing nhu moi quan he cua nd qua cac thdi ki
LS
Vdi dang bai on tap, so ket, tdng ket LS, PP hieu qua nhat de tich hgp CNTT vao
DH la sir dung phan mem lap
so do tu duy, tao nien bieu
cd xen ke hinh anh giiip HS
he hoa kien thiic da hge qua timg chuong/phan Vi du, de nang cao hieu qua viec tong ket ve vai trd cua Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh doi vdi each mang Viet Nam (1911 -1945), GV dimg phan mem Mind Manager thiet ke so
do tu duy hudng dan eac em tdng ket va he thong hda kien thiic ve vai tro cua Nguyen Ai Quoc theo ba giai doan
L Cac kl nang khai thac noi dung LS (bai vilt, hinh
anh, ) tren Internet
Ky nang nay trudc tien h6 trg cho SV each thiic tim kilm
va sir dung hieu qua eac nguon tai lieu tham khao tren Internet
dl hge bai, md rgng kiln thirc, lam tieu luan/khda luat tit nghiep va on thi khi hge tren giang dudng dai hge Ddng thdi, nd ciing dinh hudng cho
GV biet each thiet ke cae slide hinh anh, hd trg cho PP mieu
ta, luge thuat, cu the hda su kien, hoae khac sau kien thiic cho HS khi day tren ldp Do SGK bien soan theo hudng
md, ngi dung bai viet rat co dgng, nhieu sir kien, hien tugng LS chi gidi thieu khai
quat, neu GV chi "phdt thanh lgi" kien thiic se lam cho gid
hge buon te, HS khong hiing thu Hien nay, vdi uu diem la
"mang cita cdc mang'', cac
dia chi tren Internet se cung cap eho GV nhieu nguon tu lieu quy phuc vu DH Trudc day, GV d xa trung tam do thi khong cd dieu kien mua sach, hoac eac dia CD - Rom hi lieu dien tir, thi hien nay mang Internet d cac trudng THPT
se hd trg cho GV dl dang tim kilm hinh anh, bai vilt lien quan de chuan bi bai day tot ban Tuy nhien, vi ngudn hoc lieu dien tii tren mang Internet rit phong phii, da dang nen
GV phai tuan thu cac nguyen tic su pham va tranh tinh
Ngdy nhdn bdi 25/7/2012: Ngdy duyel ddng 25/9/2012
Trang 2NGHIEN CUU&U>JG DUNG II
trang "chdt ddng tdi lieu",
lam loang kien thiic trgng tam
cua mdi bai hge
2 Ky nang khai thac v^
van dung thanh thao cac
chinmg trinh thdng dung
cua may vi tinh de chuin bi
ho sor tu Ufu cho bM day
Thue tiln cho thiy, nhilu
trudng phd thdng chua dugc
trang bi day dii phuang tien
DH, nhat la dd dimg true quan
quy ude (luge dd, so dd, bilu
dd LS, ) Tuy nhien, S V khoa
Sir, Trudng Dai hge Su pham
Ha Ndi sau khi tot nghiep cd
the khac phuc duge khd khan
nay, nhd dugc rta luyen eac
kl nang tren Cac em cd the
Scan hinh anh trong SGK, rdi
dua len may vi tinh, sir dung
cac chuang trinh do boa de
xur li thdng tin, nhu: td mau
sac cho doi tugng, ve ki hieu
va tao hieu iing chuyen dgng
tren luge do (mui tan cdng,
la cd, bd duoc khdi nghia
) LTU diem Idn nhat khi thiet
ke loai kenh hinh nay la tao
dugc yeu td "dpng" (khae
vdi dd dung tryc quan qui ude
khac - chi cd yeu td "tinh ")
Thanh thao ve ki thuat t^o
Trigger and Timing tren phan
mim M.Powerpoint se giiip
GV tao dugc nhilu kilu iing
dung tuang tac, hinh anh xuat
hien dting liic, dimg chd theo
kl hoaeh su pham ciia ngudi
day Khi td chiic DH tren ldp,
nhiing hinh anh tuang tac xuat
bien diing thai diem vira la dd
dimg true quan sinh dgng giiip
HS dl tilp thu va khie sau
kiln thiic, -vira la kenh thdng
tin quan trgng dl HS khdng bj
"hien dai hda " LS
3 Ky nang suu tam va khai thac nguon hoc lieu dien tjr, cac phan mem tien ich CO san trSn th| tru-dng Gin day, xuit phat tit nhu cau cua GV cac bg mdn cin
tu lieu dien tu dl iing dung CNTT vao DH, tren thi tnidng
da xuat hien cae san phim tien ich, GV cd thi tim kilm va sit
dyng hieu qua, nhu: "Hu&ng ddn sit dung nhung hinh dnh
vi Chit tich Hd Chi Minh tren
CD vd phdn mim PowerPoint trong DHLS", "Gido dn vd tu lieu diin tu; mdn LS l&p 11"
Hoae cae CD va VCD: "Ki uc Dien Biin ", "Ho Chi Minh -chdn dung mot con ngu&i",
"12 ngdy dim thdng Chgp nam 1972", Encatar (tu 2002
din 2011),
4 Ky nang vin dung CNTT dl thilt kl v^ hudng dan HS khai thac cac loai
do dung true quan quy ude khi DH bai nghien cihi kien
thuc mdi, bai on tap, sa ket,
tdng kit LS, hoac t6 chuc kiem tra HS
Dac tnmg cua dang bai dn tap, so ket, tdng ket LS la GV hudng dan HS tu dn tap, khai quat, he thdng hda lai nhung kien thiie co ban da hge qua timg thdi ki, giai doan LS, nhung phai sir dung nhieu nien bieu, so dd Theo PPDH cac bai dn tap, so ket va tdng kit truyen thdng, GV thudng dua ra nhiem vu yeu cau HS ty lap nien bieu, ve so dd ve mot giai doan, hay qua trinh LS
Sau it phiit ty dn tap, mdt sd
HS se trinh bay trudc ldp, cudi cimg GV nhan xet, tdng ket lai bing viec chiia tren bang
den PPDH nay se tdn thdi gian, lai khd tao dugc hiing thii hge tap cho HS, nhung nlu van dung CNTT vao DH,
GV cd the thiet ke duge nhilu nien bieu, so do hda kiln thiic
LS tren slide theo y tudng su pham Llie td chiic cho HS dn tap, GV trinh ehieu tren man hinh nhiem vu hge tap, hudng dan cac em PP lam viec (theo timg ca nhan, cap ddi, nhdm nhd, hoac toan ldp), sau dd bao cao ket qua Cudi cimg,
GV nhan xet, tdng ket tren man hinh bang so dd hda kiln thiic, hoac nien bieu da chuan
bi tir trudc (cd the lien ket vdi mdt sd hinh anh de HS nhd lai
sy kien da hge) PP nay khdng nhiing tiet kiem thdi gian, tap trung dugc su chii y eua HS,
ma cdn tao dugc sy hiing thii, kieh thich kha nang ty dn tap, gdp phan cai tien PP va nang cao hieu qua bai dn tap, so ket
va tdng ket LS
S Ky nang van dung thanh thao phan mem Mind Manager de thiet ke sor dd tv duy (SDTD)
SDTD (cd ngudi ggi la
ban do tu duy, hay luge do tu duy, ) la mdt hinh thiic "ghi chip " bang each ket hgp viec
su dung ddng thdi cac "tic khda", hinh anh, dudng net,
mau sac vdi sy tu duy tich eye, nham tim tdi, dao sau, md rdng y tudng, tdm tit nhiing y chinh ciia mdt ngi dung, he thdng hda kien thirc ciia mdt chu de, each giai mdt dang bai tap, SDTD la so dd "md", khdng yeu ciu ti le kbit khe
nhu ban id dia li hay ban dd
LS Ngudi sii dung cd thi ve
Trang 3Ill NGHIEN CUU&U>IG DUNG
them/lugc bdt di cae nhanh,
mdi ngudi ve mdt kieu khae
nhau the hien qua mau sac,
hinh anh, tir khda Cimg mdt
ehil de, GV cd the the hien
y tudng va tu duy theo each
rieng, nen phat huy tdi da nang
lye sang tao ciia ngudi day va
ngudi hge Ddng vai trd la
cdng cu dd hga true quan ndi
eac tir khda va hinh anh lien
quan vdi nhau, SDTD se ho
trg tich eye cho GV va HS khi
day - hge eac bai nghien cim
kien thiic mdi, bai dn tap, so
ket, tdng ket, hoae ciing cd, he
thdng hda kien thiic sau mdi
bai/giai doan/chuong/phan,
Ddng thdi, nd ciing rat hiru ich
cho can bg quan li, sinh vien,
HS lap va thuc hien ke hoach
cdng tac, hge tap ciia minh Vi
nhu d hinh tren, GV van dung
phan mem Mind Manager
tdng ket ve vai trd cua Nguyen
Ai Qudc ddi vdi each mang
Viet Nam (1911 - 1945), giiip
HS de dang khai quat, tdng
hgp kien thiic LS
Tren the gidi, viec sir dung
SDTD vao day - hge da dugc
nghien eiiu va ap dung phd
bien Tai Viet Nam, PP nay
mdi dugc ap dung tit nam
2006, nhung chua dugc nghien
ciiu day du va phd bien dai tra
Nd ehil yeu dugc sir dung tan
man trong gidi HS, SV trudc
mua thi bang PP thu cdng
thdng qua cay biit, trang giay
trang, Vi vay, dua ngi dung
ren luyen ki nang van dung
phan mem Mind Manager cho
SV se gdp phan quan trgng
vao ddi mdi PP va nang cao
chat lugng day - hge mon LS
6 Ky nang thilt kl va van
dung Unh hoat giao an dien tir (GADT) theo dac trung mon hoc
Day la uu diem Idn nhat cua CNTT, dugc GV khai thae
va ling dung phd bien trong nha trudng, la sy tdng hgp ciia eae ngi dung neu tren Hien nay, Bd GD & DT chua cd bat
ki cdng van, chi thi nao quy dinh cau tnic, hinh thiic va PP thiet ke GADT eho eac mdn hge Tuy nhien, GV can phai hieu rang, GADT ndi chung, cua mdn LS ndi rieng chii yeu
hd trg thyc hien cac nhiem vu bai hge nghien ciiu kien thiic mdi, do dd nd van phai gdm eae yeu td co ban cua mdt giao an thdng thudng ma GV timg soan: ed muc tieu cu the, cac budc chuan bi, cd thiet bi
hd trg DH, dy kien tien trinh DH, Ben canh dd, GADT mdn LS cdn phai dam bao tinh khoa hge va tham mi giao due, tinh he thdng - Idgic va true quan, tinh tuong tac cua thay va trd Dac biet, GADT phai tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho GV sit dung, cd the xit
li tdt vdi nhieu tinh hudng su pham xay tren ldp, de dang
va linh boat khi phdi hgp vdi cac PPDH truyen thdng khac nhu ke ehuyen, mieu ta, luge thuat, trao ddi dam thoai,
Dam bao nhiing yeu cau, qui trinh khi thiet ke GADT mdn
LS va due ket kinh nghiem tir thyc tien phd thdng, chiing tdi gidi thieu va ren luyen cho SV
ba each thiet ke sau:
Cdch thiet ki thic nhdt:
Tren mdi shde cua GADT se ghi diy du ten bai hoc (chii:
in dam va ro net), d ben trai
(chilm khoang 1/3 slide) la ten dl muc, hoac tieu muc
va vin tat ndi dung kien thiic
CO ban Ben phai cua giao an (chiem khoang 2/3 slide) dimg
de trinh chieu cau hdi trgng tam, nhiing sd lieu lien quan, hoac kenh hinh hd trg eho boat ddng tuomg tac giiia thiy
va trd, tuong iing vdi ngi dung kien thirc d cac de muc, tieu muc phia ben trai De mang tinh khoa hge va Idgic, khi day den ngi dung nao, ten dl muc phai hien thi dudi dang chii in dam, gilip HS de hinh dung Nhin ehung, day la each thiet
ke khoa hge nhat, vi nd giiip
GV the hien dugc y tudng,
ke hoach su pham, khdng bi
le thudc vao GADT khi day tren ldp Tuy nhien, GV phai
sir dung "ki thudt Trigger vd Timing " de cd the xu li tdt eac tinh hudng su pham va "ho qua" nhiing hinh anh khdng
can thiet (neu thdi gian tiet hoc khdng cho phep) Hinh dudi minh hga cho slide GADT:
"Sa do td chicc hp mdy nhd nu&c th&i Hiing Vuong" (Bai
23 Nu&c Vdn Lang - Au Lgc,
ldp 10, chuang trinh chuan)
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- Cdch thiet ke thu hai: Tren
moi slide GADT, ten bai hoc,
de cuong bai giang, he th6ng
Trang 4NGHIEN CUU& UMG DUNG
kenh hinh, nhirng sd lieu lien
quan se dugc thilt k l xen ke
lan nhau, sap xep theo trinh
ty phil hgp vdi tiln trinh DH
tren ldp cua GV Cach thilt k l
nay kha don gian, phu hgp vdi
GV cd trinh do CNTT d miic
trung binh, nd ed the giam bdt
thdi gian ghi bang va bao dam
tuong ddi tinh logic, he thdng
ciia bai giang Tuy nhien, GV
nen tao eac lien ket vdi nhau
cho chat che va han chi viec
"chiiu ehie" len man hinh, trii
nhung y quan trgng, can thiet
Hinh tren minh hga cho cau
hdi cua GV: "Em hiiu thi ndo
Id chi dp chuyin chi cd dgi
phuang Dong? " HS trao ddi,
tra Idi xong, GV nhan xet va
dua thdng tin phan hdi bing
so do minh hga Ca cdu xd hpi
cd dgi phuang Ddng co dgi,
ket hgp PP mieu ta, neu dac
diem va giai thieh
D A O H I N D U
Brahma (Than sang tao)
Siva (Than huy diet) ( t h a n bao hp) Visnu
C ^ c h thi§t xep theo tien trinh bai giang,
ho trg GV khi hudng dan HS khai thac kenh hinh Viec trinh bay bang va eac boat ddng td chiic cho HS hge tap vin diln
ra binh thudng nhu PPDH truyen thdng Cach thilt k l nay kha don dieu, phd bien vdi nhimg GV mdi tiep can CNTT, vi nd khdng ddi hdi eao ve trinh do cdng nghe, dd tdn thdi giem, it lam xao trdn cac thao t i e tren ldp ciia GV
HIIJIiiiiHiHHiHffiiiiBliBHiHil n i i i i t « : : j i i » » » i » ] i i » i
c o r c A u xA H O I c d a i i i i PHLTCTNG O A N O
Quy t ^ tfuan I f l } Giat c i p thAng tr}
N6os (ttn cAns xtt
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C ^ c h thi6t k 6 thCp h a i
- Cdch thiit ki thu ba: GV
khdng nhit thiet phai dua vao
cac slide GADT ten bai day,
de muc, ndi dung de cuong
bai giang, ma chi thiet ke mdt
sd kenh hinh lien quan den bai
hge, thay cho viec su dung cac
phuang tien DH truyen thdng
trudc day Vi nhu so dd, tranh
anh, bang so sanh, dugc sap
so vdi bai day truyen thdng
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Dang CS Viet Nam, Vdn kien Hpi nghi lan thullBCHTW Ddng (khod VIII), Nxb Chinh tri
QuIc gia, Ha Noi (1997)
2 Phan Ngoc Lien (Chu
bien), Ddng CS Viet Nam vdi su nghiep GD & DT, NXB Dai hoc
k e thLP b a
su pham Ha Noi (2008)
3 Nguyln Thi Coi (Chii bien), Trinh Dinh Tung, Nguyen
Manh Hudng, Ren luyen ki ndng, nghiep vu su phgm mon Lich sic, Nxb Dai hpc su pham
Ha Noi, 2009
Summary Article introduces content, share for you to read the experiences of Faculty of History, Hanoi National University of Education guide students in teacher training skills
to apply information technology
in teaching and leaming history
in high school
This paper focuses on two main topics:
1) Oriented experiences for students of pedagogical history that determined the forms and methods of applying information technology in teaching;
2) Six content teachers guide students in historic train proficient skills to apply information technology in teaching
The article will be an important direction for universities and colleges to develop curriculum framework pedagogical bachelor history